mirror of
https://github.com/woodpecker-ci/woodpecker.git
synced 2024-06-18 05:10:48 +00:00
195 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
195 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
# SemVer
|
|
|
|
The `semver` package provides the ability to work with [Semantic Versions](http://semver.org) in Go. Specifically it provides the ability to:
|
|
|
|
* Parse semantic versions
|
|
* Sort semantic versions
|
|
* Check if a semantic version fits within a set of constraints
|
|
* Optionally work with a `v` prefix
|
|
|
|
[](https://masterminds.github.io/stability/active.html)
|
|
[](https://travis-ci.org/Masterminds/semver) [](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/mattfarina/semver/branch/master) [](https://godoc.org/github.com/Masterminds/semver) [](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/Masterminds/semver)
|
|
|
|
If you are looking for a command line tool for version comparisons please see
|
|
[vert](https://github.com/Masterminds/vert) which uses this library.
|
|
|
|
## Parsing Semantic Versions
|
|
|
|
To parse a semantic version use the `NewVersion` function. For example,
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
v, err := semver.NewVersion("1.2.3-beta.1+build345")
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If there is an error the version wasn't parseable. The version object has methods
|
|
to get the parts of the version, compare it to other versions, convert the
|
|
version back into a string, and get the original string. For more details
|
|
please see the [documentation](https://godoc.org/github.com/Masterminds/semver).
|
|
|
|
## Sorting Semantic Versions
|
|
|
|
A set of versions can be sorted using the [`sort`](https://golang.org/pkg/sort/)
|
|
package from the standard library. For example,
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
raw := []string{"1.2.3", "1.0", "1.3", "2", "0.4.2",}
|
|
vs := make([]*semver.Version, len(raw))
|
|
for i, r := range raw {
|
|
v, err := semver.NewVersion(r)
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
t.Errorf("Error parsing version: %s", err)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
vs[i] = v
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sort.Sort(semver.Collection(vs))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Checking Version Constraints
|
|
|
|
Checking a version against version constraints is one of the most featureful
|
|
parts of the package.
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
c, err := semver.NewConstraint(">= 1.2.3")
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
// Handle constraint not being parseable.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
v, _ := semver.NewVersion("1.3")
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
// Handle version not being parseable.
|
|
}
|
|
// Check if the version meets the constraints. The a variable will be true.
|
|
a := c.Check(v)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Basic Comparisons
|
|
|
|
There are two elements to the comparisons. First, a comparison string is a list
|
|
of comma separated and comparisons. These are then separated by || separated or
|
|
comparisons. For example, `">= 1.2, < 3.0.0 || >= 4.2.3"` is looking for a
|
|
comparison that's greater than or equal to 1.2 and less than 3.0.0 or is
|
|
greater than or equal to 4.2.3.
|
|
|
|
The basic comparisons are:
|
|
|
|
* `=`: equal (aliased to no operator)
|
|
* `!=`: not equal
|
|
* `>`: greater than
|
|
* `<`: less than
|
|
* `>=`: greater than or equal to
|
|
* `<=`: less than or equal to
|
|
|
|
## Working With Pre-release Versions
|
|
|
|
Pre-releases, for those not familiar with them, are used for software releases
|
|
prior to stable or generally available releases. Examples of pre-releases include
|
|
development, alpha, beta, and release candidate releases. A pre-release may be
|
|
a version such as `1.2.3-beta.1` while the stable release would be `1.2.3`. In the
|
|
order of precidence, pre-releases come before their associated releases. In this
|
|
example `1.2.3-beta.1 < 1.2.3`.
|
|
|
|
According to the Semantic Version specification pre-releases may not be
|
|
API compliant with their release counterpart. It says,
|
|
|
|
> A pre-release version indicates that the version is unstable and might not satisfy the intended compatibility requirements as denoted by its associated normal version.
|
|
|
|
SemVer comparisons without a pre-release comparator will skip pre-release versions.
|
|
For example, `>=1.2.3` will skip pre-releases when looking at a list of releases
|
|
while `>=1.2.3-0` will evaluate and find pre-releases.
|
|
|
|
The reason for the `0` as a pre-release version in the example comparison is
|
|
because pre-releases can only contain ASCII alphanumerics and hyphens (along with
|
|
`.` separators), per the spec. Sorting happens in ASCII sort order, again per the spec. The lowest character is a `0` in ASCII sort order (see an [ASCII Table](http://www.asciitable.com/))
|
|
|
|
Understanding ASCII sort ordering is important because A-Z comes before a-z. That
|
|
means `>=1.2.3-BETA` will return `1.2.3-alpha`. What you might expect from case
|
|
sensitivity doesn't apply here. This is due to ASCII sort ordering which is what
|
|
the spec specifies.
|
|
|
|
## Hyphen Range Comparisons
|
|
|
|
There are multiple methods to handle ranges and the first is hyphens ranges.
|
|
These look like:
|
|
|
|
* `1.2 - 1.4.5` which is equivalent to `>= 1.2, <= 1.4.5`
|
|
* `2.3.4 - 4.5` which is equivalent to `>= 2.3.4, <= 4.5`
|
|
|
|
## Wildcards In Comparisons
|
|
|
|
The `x`, `X`, and `*` characters can be used as a wildcard character. This works
|
|
for all comparison operators. When used on the `=` operator it falls
|
|
back to the pack level comparison (see tilde below). For example,
|
|
|
|
* `1.2.x` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.0, < 1.3.0`
|
|
* `>= 1.2.x` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.0`
|
|
* `<= 2.x` is equivalent to `< 3`
|
|
* `*` is equivalent to `>= 0.0.0`
|
|
|
|
## Tilde Range Comparisons (Patch)
|
|
|
|
The tilde (`~`) comparison operator is for patch level ranges when a minor
|
|
version is specified and major level changes when the minor number is missing.
|
|
For example,
|
|
|
|
* `~1.2.3` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.3, < 1.3.0`
|
|
* `~1` is equivalent to `>= 1, < 2`
|
|
* `~2.3` is equivalent to `>= 2.3, < 2.4`
|
|
* `~1.2.x` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.0, < 1.3.0`
|
|
* `~1.x` is equivalent to `>= 1, < 2`
|
|
|
|
## Caret Range Comparisons (Major)
|
|
|
|
The caret (`^`) comparison operator is for major level changes. This is useful
|
|
when comparisons of API versions as a major change is API breaking. For example,
|
|
|
|
* `^1.2.3` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.3, < 2.0.0`
|
|
* `^0.0.1` is equivalent to `>= 0.0.1, < 1.0.0`
|
|
* `^1.2.x` is equivalent to `>= 1.2.0, < 2.0.0`
|
|
* `^2.3` is equivalent to `>= 2.3, < 3`
|
|
* `^2.x` is equivalent to `>= 2.0.0, < 3`
|
|
|
|
# Validation
|
|
|
|
In addition to testing a version against a constraint, a version can be validated
|
|
against a constraint. When validation fails a slice of errors containing why a
|
|
version didn't meet the constraint is returned. For example,
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
c, err := semver.NewConstraint("<= 1.2.3, >= 1.4")
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
// Handle constraint not being parseable.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
v, _ := semver.NewVersion("1.3")
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
// Handle version not being parseable.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Validate a version against a constraint.
|
|
a, msgs := c.Validate(v)
|
|
// a is false
|
|
for _, m := range msgs {
|
|
fmt.Println(m)
|
|
|
|
// Loops over the errors which would read
|
|
// "1.3 is greater than 1.2.3"
|
|
// "1.3 is less than 1.4"
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
# Fuzzing
|
|
|
|
[dvyukov/go-fuzz](https://github.com/dvyukov/go-fuzz) is used for fuzzing.
|
|
|
|
1. `go-fuzz-build`
|
|
2. `go-fuzz -workdir=fuzz`
|
|
|
|
# Contribute
|
|
|
|
If you find an issue or want to contribute please file an [issue](https://github.com/Masterminds/semver/issues)
|
|
or [create a pull request](https://github.com/Masterminds/semver/pulls).
|