searxng/docs/admin/filtron.rst

How to protect an instance

further reading

• filtron.sh
• nginx searxng site

Contents

SearXNG depends on external search services. To avoid the abuse of these services it is advised to limit the number of requests processed by SearXNG.

An application firewall, filtron solves exactly this problem. Filtron is just a middleware between your web server (nginx, apache, ...) and searx, we describe such infratructures in chapter: architecture.

filtron & go

Filtron needs Go installed. If Go is preinstalled, filtron is simply installed by go get package management (see filtron README). If you use filtron as middleware, a more isolated setup is recommended. To simplify such an installation and the maintenance of, use our script filtron.sh.

Sample configuration of filtron

Tooling box

• /etc/filtron/rules.json <utils/templates/etc/filtron/rules.json>

An example configuration can be find below. This configuration limits the access of:

• scripts or applications (roboagent limit)
• webcrawlers (botlimit)
• IPs which send too many requests (IP limit)
• too many json, csv, etc. requests (rss/json limit)
• the same UserAgent of if too many requests (useragent limit)

[
    {
        "name": "search request",
        "filters": [
            "Param:q",
            "Path=^(/|/search)$"
        ],
        "interval": "<time-interval-in-sec (int)>",
        "limit": "<max-request-number-in-interval (int)>",
        "subrules": [
            {
                "name": "missing Accept-Language",
                "filters": ["!Header:Accept-Language"],
                "limit": "<max-request-number-in-interval (int)>",
                "stop": true,
                "actions": [
                    {"name":"log"},
                    {"name": "block",
                     "params": {"message": "Rate limit exceeded"}}
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "suspiciously Connection=close header",
                "filters": ["Header:Connection=close"],
                "limit": "<max-request-number-in-interval (int)>",
                "stop": true,
                "actions": [
                    {"name":"log"},
                    {"name": "block",
                     "params": {"message": "Rate limit exceeded"}}
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "IP limit",
                "interval": "<time-interval-in-sec (int)>",
                "limit": "<max-request-number-in-interval (int)>",
                "stop": true,
                "aggregations": [
                    "Header:X-Forwarded-For"
                ],
                "actions": [
                    { "name": "log"},
                    { "name": "block",
                      "params": {
                          "message": "Rate limit exceeded"
                      }
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "rss/json limit",
                "filters": [
                    "Param:format=(csv|json|rss)"
                ],
                "interval": "<time-interval-in-sec (int)>",
                "limit": "<max-request-number-in-interval (int)>",
                "stop": true,
                "actions": [
                    { "name": "log"},
                    { "name": "block",
                      "params": {
                          "message": "Rate limit exceeded"
                      }
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "useragent limit",
                "interval": "<time-interval-in-sec (int)>",
                "limit": "<max-request-number-in-interval (int)>",
                "aggregations": [
                    "Header:User-Agent"
                ],
                "actions": [
                    { "name": "log"},
                    { "name": "block",
                      "params": {
                          "message": "Rate limit exceeded"
                      }
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
]

Route request through filtron

further reading

• filtron.sh overview
• installation nginx
• installation apache

Filtron can be started using the following command:

$ filtron -rules rules.json

It listens on 127.0.0.1:4004 and forwards filtered requests to 127.0.0.1:8888 by default.

Use it along with nginx with the following example configuration.

# https://example.org/searx

location /searx {
    proxy_pass         http://127.0.0.1:4004/;

    proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
    proxy_set_header   Connection       $http_connection;
    proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header   X-Scheme         $scheme;
    proxy_set_header   X-Script-Name    /searx;
}

location /searx/static {
    /usr/local/searx/searx-src/searx/static;
}

Requests are coming from port 4004 going through filtron and then forwarded to port 8888 where a SearXNG is being run. For a complete setup see: nginx searxng site.