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227 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
227 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# Mac OS X deployment
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This page explains how to deploy GStreamer along your application. There
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are different mechanisms, which have been reviewed in [](deploying/index.md). The details for some
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of the mechanisms are given here, and more options might be added to
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this documentation in the future.
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**FIXME: PackageMaker is dead we need a new solution **
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## Shared GStreamer
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This is the easiest way to deploy GStreamer, although most of the time
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it installs unnecessary files which grow the size of the installer and
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the target drive free space requirements. Since GStreamer might be shared
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among all applications that use it, though, the extra space requirements
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are somewhat blurred.
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With PackageMaker, simply add GStreamer **runtime ** disk image
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([the same one you used to install the runtime in your development
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machine](installing/on-mac-osx.md)) inside your installer
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package and create a post-install script that mounts the disk image and
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installs GStreamer package. You can use the following example, where you
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should replace `$INSTALL_PATH` with the path where your installer copied
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GStreamer's disk image files (the `/tmp` directory is good place to
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install it as it will be removed at the end of the installation):
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``` bash
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hdiutil attach $INSTALL_PATH/gstreamer-1.0-1.8.1-x86_64-packages.dmg
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cd /Volumes/gstreamer-1.0-1.8.1-x86_64/
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installer -pkg gstreamer-1.0-1.8.1-x86_64.pkg -target "/"
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hdiutil detach /Volumes/gstreamer-1.0-1.8.1-x86_64/
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rm $INSTALL_PATH/gstreamer-1.0-1.8.1-x86_64-packages.dmg
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```
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## Private deployment of GStreamer
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You can decide to distribute a private copy of GStreamer with your
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application, although it's not the recommended method. In this case,
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simply copy the framework to the application's Frameworks folder as
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defined in the [bundle programming
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guide](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/CoreFoundation/Conceptual/CFBundles/BundleTypes/BundleTypes.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/10000123i-CH101-SW19):
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``` bash
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cp -r /Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework ~/MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks
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```
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Note that you can have several versions of GStreamer, and targeting
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different architectures, installed in the system. Make sure you only
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copy the version you need and that you update accordingly the link
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`GStreamer.framework/Version/Current`:
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``` bash
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$ ls -l Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Version/Current
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lrwxr-xr-x 1 fluendo staff 21 Jun 5 18:46 Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current -> ../Versions/0.10/x86
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```
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Since GStreamer will be relocated, you will need to follow the
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instructions on how to relocate GStreamer at the end of this page.
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## Deploy only necessary files, by manually picking them
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On the other side of the spectrum, if you want to reduce the space
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requirements (and installer size) to the maximum, you can manually
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choose which GStreamer libraries to deploy. Unfortunately, you are on
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your own on this road, besides using the object file displaying tool:
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[otool](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/darwin/reference/manpages/man1/otool.1.html).
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Being a similar technique to deploying a private copy of GStreamer, keep
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in mind that you should relocate GStreamer too, as explained at the end of
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this page.
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Bear also in mind that GStreamer is modular in nature. Plug-ins are
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loaded depending on the media that is being played, so, if you do not
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know in advance what files you are going to play, you do not know which
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plugins and shared libraries you need to deploy.
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## Deploy only necessary packages, using the provided ones
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This will produce a smaller installer than deploying complete
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GStreamer, without the added burden of having to manually pick each
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library. You just need to know which packages your application requires.
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| Package name | Dependencies | Licenses | Description |
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|--------------|--------------|----------|-------------|
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| base-system-1.0 | |JPEG, FreeType, BSD-like, LGPL, LGPL-2+, LGPL-2.1, LibPNG and MIT | Base system dependencies |
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| gstreamer-1.0-capture | gstreamer-1.0-core, gstreamer-1.0-encoding | LGPL and LGPL-2+ | GStreamer plugins for capture |
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| gstreamer-1.0-codecs | base-crypto, gstreamer-1.0-core | BSD, Jasper-2.0, BSD-like, LGPL, LGPL-2, LGPL-2+, LGPL-2.1 and LGPL-2.1+ | GStreamer codecs |
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| gstreamer-1.0-codecs-gpl | gstreamer-1.0-core | BSD-like, LGPL, LGPL-2+ and LGPL-2.1+ | GStreamer codecs under the GPL license and/or with patents issues |
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| gstreamer-1.0-core | base-system-1.0 | LGPL and LGPL-2+ | GStreamer core |
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| gstreamer-1.0-dvd | gstreamer-1.0-core | GPL-2+, LGPL and LGPL-2+ | GStreamer DVD support |
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| gstreamer-1.0-effects | gstreamer-1.0-core | LGPL and LGPL-2+ | GStreamer effects and instrumentation plugins |
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| gstreamer-1.0-net | base-crypto, gstreamer-1.0-core | GPL-3, LGPL, LGPL-2+, LGPL-2.1+ and LGPL-3+ | GStreamer plugins for network protocols |
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| gstreamer-1.0-playback | gstreamer-1.0-core | LGPL and LGPL-2+ | GStreamer plugins for playback |
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| gstreamer-1.0-system | gstreamer-1.0-core | LGPL, LGPL-2+ and LGPL-2.1+ | GStreamer system plugins |
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| gstreamer-1.0-visualizers | gstreamer-1.0-core | LGPL and LGPL-2+ | GStreamer visualization plugins |
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| gstreamer-1.0-encoding | gstreamer-1.0-core, gstreamer-1.0-playback | LGPL and LGPL2+ | GStreamer plugins for encoding |
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| gstreamer-1.0-editing | gstreamer-1.0-core, gstreamer-1.0-devtools | LGPL and LGPL2+ | GStreamer libraries and plugins for non linear editing |
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| gstreamer-1.0-devtools | gstreamer-1.0-core | LGPL and LGPL2+ | GStreamer developers tools |
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| gstreamer-1.0-libav | gstreamer-1.0-core | LGPL and LGPL2+ | GStreamer plugins wrapping ffmpeg |
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| gstreamer-1.0-net-restricted | base-crypto, gstreamer-1.0-core | LGPL and LGPL2+ | GStreamer plugins for network protocols with potential patent issues in some countries |
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| gstreamer-1.0-codecs-restricted | gstreamer-1.0-core | LGPL and LGPL2+ | GStreamer restricted codecs with potential patent issues in some countries |
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| base-crypto | base-system-1.0 | LGPL and LGPL2+ | Cryptographic libraries |
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## Relocation of GStreamer in OS X
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In some situations we might need to relocate GStreamer, moving it to a
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different place in the file system, like for instance when we are
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shipping a private copy of GStreamer with our application.
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### Location of dependent dynamic libraries.
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On Darwin operating systems, the dynamic linker doesn't locate dependent
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dynamic libraries using their leaf name, but instead it uses full paths,
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which makes it harder to relocate them as explained in the DYNAMIC
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LIBRARY LOADING section of
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[dyld](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/dyld.1.html)'s
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man page:
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> Unlike many other operating systems, Darwin does not locate dependent
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> dynamic libraries via their leaf file name. Instead the full path to
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> each dylib is used (e.g. /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib). But there are
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> times when a full path is not appropriate; for instance, may want your
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> binaries to be installable in anywhere on the disk.
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We can get the list of paths used by an object file to locate its
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dependent dynamic libraries
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using [otool](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/darwin/reference/manpages/man1/otool.1.html):
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``` bash
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$ otool -L /Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Commands/gst-launch-1.0
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/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Commands/gst-launch-1.0:
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/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 550.43.0)
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/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/0.10/x86/lib/libgstreamer-1.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 31.0.0, current version 31.0.0)
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/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/0.10/x86/lib/libxml2.2.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.8.0)
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...
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```
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As you might have already noticed, if we move GStreamer to a different
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folder, it will stop working because the runtime linker won't be able to
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find `gstreamer-1.0` in the previous location
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`/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/0.10/x86/lib/libgstreamer-1.0.0.dylib`.
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This full path is extracted from the dynamic library ***install name***
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, a path that is used by the linker to determine its location. The
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install name of a library can be retrieved with
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[otool](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/darwin/reference/manpages/man1/otool.1.html) too:
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``` bash
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$ otool -D /Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Libraries/libgstreamer-1.0.dylib
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/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Libraries/libgstreamer-1.0.dylib:
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/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/0.10/x86/lib/libgstreamer-1.0.0.dylib
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```
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Any object file that links to the dynamic library `gstreamer-1.0` will
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use the
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path `/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/0.10/x86/lib/libgstreamer-1.0.0.dylib` to
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locate it, as we saw previously with `gst-launch-1.0`.
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Since working exclusively with full paths wouldn't let us install our
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binaries anywhere in the path, the linker provides a mechanism of string
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substitution, adding three variables that can be used as a path prefix.
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At runtime the linker will replace them with the generated path for the
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prefix. These variables are `@executable_path`,
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`@loader_path` and `@rpath`, described in depth in the DYNAMIC LIBRARY
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LOADING section
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of [dyld](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/dyld.1.html)'s
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man page.
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For our purpose we will use the `@executable_path` variable, which is
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replaced with a fixed path, the path to the directory containing the
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main executable: `/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/MacOS`.
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The `@loader_path` variable can't be used in our scope, because it will
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be replaced with the path to the directory containing the mach-o binary
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that loaded the dynamic library, which can vary.
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Therefore, in order to relocate GStreamer we will need to replace all
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paths
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containing `/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/` with `@executable_path/../Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/`, which
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can be done using
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the [install\_name\_tool](http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/install_name_tool.1.html)
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utility
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### Relocation of the binaries
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As mentioned in the previous section, we can use
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the `install_name_tool` in combination with `otool` to list all paths
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for dependant dynamic libraries and modify them to use the new location.
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However GStreamer has a huge list of binaries and doing it manually would
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be a painful task. That's why a simple relocation script is provided
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which you can find in cerbero's repository
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(`cerbero/tools/osxrelocator.py`). This scripts takes 3 parameters:
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1. `directory`: the directory to parse looking for binaries
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2. `old_prefix`: the old prefix we want to change (eg:
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`/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework`)
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3. `new_prefix`: the new prefix we want to use
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(eg: `@executable_path/../Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/`)
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When looking for binaries to fix, we will run the script in the
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following
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directories:
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``` bash
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$ osxrelocator.py MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/lib /Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/ @executable_path/../Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/ -r
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$ osxrelocator.py MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/libexec /Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/ @executable_path/../Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/ -r
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$ osxrelocator.py MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/bin /Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/ @executable_path/../Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/ -r
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$ osxrelocator.py MyApp.app/Contents/MacOS /Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/ @executable_path/../Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/ -r
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```
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### Adjusting environment variables with the new paths
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The application also needs to set the following environment variables to
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help other libraries finding resources in the new
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path:
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- `GST_PLUGIN_SYSTEM_PATH=/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/lib/gstreamer-1.0`
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- `GST_PLUGIN_SCANNER=/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/libexec/gstreamer-1.0/gst-plugin-scanner`
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- `GTK_PATH=/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/`
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- `GIO_EXTRA_MODULES=/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/lib/gio/modules`
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You can use the following functions:
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- C: [putenv("VAR=/foo/bar")](http://linux.die.net/man/3/putenv)
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- Python: [os.environ\['VAR'\] =
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'/foo/var'](http://docs.python.org/library/os.html)
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