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In building-from-source-using-meson.md: s/implicitely/implicitly/ In README.md: s/uncompatible/incompatible/ Part-of: <https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer/-/merge_requests/1829>
462 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
462 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# GStreamer
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This is GStreamer, a framework for streaming media.
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## Where to start
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We have a website at
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https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org
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Our documentation, including tutorials, API reference and FAQ can be found at
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https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/
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You can subscribe to our mailing lists:
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https://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/gstreamer-announce
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https://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/gstreamer-devel
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We track bugs, feature requests and merge requests (patches) in GitLab at
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https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/
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You can join us on IRC - #gstreamer on irc.oftc.net
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This repository contains all official modules supported by the GStreamer
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community which can be found in the `subprojects/` directory.
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## Getting started
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### Install git and python 3.5+
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If you're on Linux, you probably already have these. On macOS, you can use the
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[official Python installer](https://www.python.org/downloads/mac-osx/).
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You can find [instructions for Windows below](#windows-prerequisites-setup).
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### Install meson and ninja
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Meson 0.59 or newer is required.
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On Linux and macOS you can get meson through your package manager or using:
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$ pip3 install --user meson
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This will install meson into `~/.local/bin` which may or may not be included
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automatically in your PATH by default.
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You should get `ninja` using your package manager or download the [official
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release](https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases) and put the `ninja`
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binary in your PATH.
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You can find [instructions for Windows below](#windows-prerequisites-setup).
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### Build GStreamer and its modules
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You can get all GStreamer built running:
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```
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meson builddir
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ninja -C builddir
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```
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This will automatically create the `build` directory and build everything
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inside it.
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NOTE: On Windows, you *must* run this from [inside the Visual Studio command
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prompt](#running-meson-on-windows) of the appropriate architecture and version.
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### External dependencies
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All mandatory dependencies of GStreamer are included as [meson subprojects](https://mesonbuild.com/Subprojects.html):
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libintl, zlib, libffi, glib. Some optional dependencies are also included as
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subprojects, such as ffmpeg, x264, json-glib, graphene, openh264, orc, etc.
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Mandatory dependencies will be automatically built if meson cannot find them on
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your system using pkg-config. The same is true for optional dependencies that
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are included as subprojects. You can find a full list by looking at the
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`subprojects` directory.
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Plugins that need optional dependencies that aren't included can only be built
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if they are provided by the system. Instructions on how to build some common
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ones such as Qt5/QML are listed below. If you do not know how to provide an
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optional dependency needed by a plugin, you should use [Cerbero](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/cerbero/#description)
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which handles this for you automatically.
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Plugins will be automatically enabled if possible, but you can ensure that
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a particular plugin (especially if it has external dependencies) is built by
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enabling the gstreamer repository that ships it and the plugin inside it. For
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example, to enable the Qt5 plugin in the gst-plugins-good repository, you need
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to run meson as follows:
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```
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meson -Dgood=enabled -Dgst-plugins-good:qt5=enabled builddir
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```
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This will cause Meson to error out if the plugin could not be enabled. You can
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also flip the default and disable all plugins except those explicitly enabled
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like so:
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```
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meson -Dauto_features=disabled -Dgstreamer:tools=enabled -Dbad=enabled -Dgst-plugins-bad:openh264=enabled
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```
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This will disable all optional features and then enable the `openh264` plugin
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and the tools that ship with the core gstreamer repository: `gst-inspect-1.0`,
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`gst-launch-1.0`, etc. As usual, you can change these values on a builddir that
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has already been setup with `meson configure -Doption=value`.
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### Building the Qt5 QML plugin
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If `qmake` is not in `PATH` and pkgconfig files are not available, you can
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point the `QMAKE` env var to the Qt5 installation of your choosing before
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running `meson` as shown above.
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The plugin will be automatically enabled if possible, but you can ensure that
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it is built by passing `-Dgood=enabled -Dgst-plugins-good:qt5=enabled` to `meson`.
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### Building the Intel MSDK plugin
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On Linux, you need to have development files for `libmfx` installed. On
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Windows, if you have the [Intel Media SDK](https://software.intel.com/en-us/media-sdk),
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it will set the `INTELMEDIASDKROOT` environment variable, which will be used by
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the build files to find `libmfx`.
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The plugin will be automatically enabled if possible, but you can ensure it by
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passing `-Dbad=enabled -Dgst-plugins-bad:msdk=enabled` to `meson`.
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### Building plugins with (A)GPL-licensed dependencies
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Some plugins have GPL- or AGPL-licensed dependencies and will only be built
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if you have explicitly opted in to allow (A)GPL-licensed dependencies by
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passing `-Dgpl=enabled` to Meson.
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List of plugins with (A)GPL-licensed dependencies (non-exhaustive) in gst-plugins-bad:
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- dts (DTS audio decoder plugin)
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- faad (Free AAC audio decoder plugin)
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- iqa (Image quality assessment plugin based on dssim-c)
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- mpeg2enc (MPEG-2 video encoder plugin)
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- mplex (audio/video multiplexer plugin)
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- ofa (Open Fingerprint Architecture library plugin)
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- resindvd (Resin DVD playback plugin)
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- x265 (HEVC/H.265 video encoder plugin)
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List of plugins with (A)GPL-licensed dependencies (non-exhaustive) in gst-plugins-ugly:
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- a52dec (Dolby Digital (AC-3) audio decoder plugin)
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- cdio (CD audio source plugin based on libcdio)
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- dvdread (DVD video source plugin based on libdvdread)
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- mpeg2dec (MPEG-2 video decoder plugin based on libmpeg2)
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- sidplay (Commodore 64 audio decoder plugin based on libsidplay)
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- x264 (H.264 video encoder plugin based on libx264)
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### Static build
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Since *1.18.0* when doing a static build using `--default-library=static`, a
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shared library `gstreamer-full-1.0` will be produced and includes all enabled
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GStreamer plugins and libraries. A list of libraries that needs to be exposed in
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`gstreamer-full-1.0` ABI can be set using `gst-full-libraries` option. glib-2.0,
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gobject-2.0 and gstreamer-1.0 are always included.
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```
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meson --default-library=static -Dgst-full-libraries=app,video builddir
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```
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GStreamer *1.18* requires applications using gstreamer-full-1.0 to initialize
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static plugins by calling `gst_init_static_plugins()` after `gst_init()`. That
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function is defined in `gst/gstinitstaticplugins.h` header file.
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Since *1.20.0* `gst_init_static_plugins()` is called automatically by
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`gst_init()` and applications must not call it manually any more. The header
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file has been removed from public API.
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One can use the `gst-full-version-script` option to pass a
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[version script](https://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/manual/html_node/LD-Version-Scripts.html)
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to the linker. This can be used to control the exact symbols that are exported by
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the gstreamer-full library, allowing the linker to garbage collect unused code
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and so reduce the total library size. A default script `gstreamer-full-default.map`
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declares only glib/gstreamer symbols as public.
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One can use the `gst-full-plugins` option to pass a list of plugins to be registered
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in the gstreamer-full library. The default value is '*' which means that all the plugins selected
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during the build process will be registered statically. An empty value will prevent any plugins to
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be registered.
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One can select a specific set of features with `gst-full-elements`, `gst-full-typefind-functions`, `gst-full-device-providers` or `gst-full-dynamic-types` to select specific feature from a plugin.
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When a feature has been listed in one of those options, the other features from its plugin will no longer be automatically included, even if the plugin is listed in `gst-full-plugins`.
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The user must insure that all selected plugins and features (element, typefind, etc.) have been
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enabled during the build configuration.
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To register features, the syntax is the following:
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plugins are separated by ';' and features from a plugin starts after ':' and are ',' separated.
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As an example:
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* `-Dgst-full-plugins=coreelements;playback;typefindfunctions;alsa;pbtypes`: enable only `coreelements`, `playback`, `typefindfunctions`, `alsa`, `pbtypes` plugins.
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* `-Dgst-full-elements=coreelements:filesrc,fakesink,identity;alsa:alsasrc`: enable only `filesrc`, `identity` and `fakesink` elements from `coreelements` and `alsasrc` element from `alsa` plugin.
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* `-Dgst-full-typefind-functions=typefindfunctions:wav,flv`: enable only typefind func `wav` and `flv` from `typefindfunctions`
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* `-Dgst-full-device-providers=alsa:alsadeviceprovider`: enable `alsadeviceprovider` from `alsa`.
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* `-Dgst-full-dynamic-types=pbtypes:video_multiview_flagset`: enable `video_multiview_flagset` from `pbtypes
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All features from the `playback` plugin will be enabled and the other plugins will be restricted to the specific features requested.
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All the selected features will be registered into a dedicated `NULL` plugin name.
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This will cause the features/plugins that are not registered to not be included in the final gstreamer-full library.
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This is an experimental feature, backward incompatible changes could still be
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made in the future.
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# Development environment
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## Development environment target
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GStreamer also contains a special `devenv` target that lets you enter an
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development environment where you will be able to work on GStreamer
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easily. You can get into that environment running:
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```
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ninja -C builddir devenv
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```
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If your operating system handles symlinks, built modules source code will be
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available at the root for example GStreamer core will be in
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`gstreamer/`. Otherwise they will be present in `subprojects/`. You can simply
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hack in there and to rebuild you just need to rerun `ninja -C builddir`.
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NOTE: In the development environment, a fully usable prefix is also configured
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in `gstreamer/prefix` where you can install any extra dependency/project.
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An external script can be run in development environment with:
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```
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./gst-env.py external_script.sh
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```
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For more extensive documentation about the development environment go to [the
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documentation](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/installing/building-from-source-using-meson.html).
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## Custom subprojects
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We also added a meson option, `custom_subprojects`, that allows the user
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to provide a comma-separated list of subprojects that should be built
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alongside the default ones.
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To use it:
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```
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cd subprojects
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git clone my_subproject
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cd ../build
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rm -rf * && meson .. -Dcustom_subprojects=my_subproject
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ninja
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```
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## Run tests
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You can easily run the test of all the components:
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```
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meson test -C build
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```
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To list all available tests:
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```
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meson test -C builddir --list
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```
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To run all the tests of a specific component:
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```
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meson test -C builddir --suite gst-plugins-base
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```
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Or to run a specific test file:
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```
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meson test -C builddir --suite gstreamer gst_gstbuffer
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```
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Run a specific test from a specific test file:
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```
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GST_CHECKS=test_subbuffer meson test -C builddir --suite gstreamer gst_gstbuffer
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```
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## Optional Installation
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You can also install everything that is built into a predetermined prefix like
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so:
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```
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meson --prefix=/path/to/install/prefix builddir
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ninja -C builddir
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meson install -C builddir
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```
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Note that the installed files have `RPATH` stripped, so you will need to set
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`LD_LIBRARY_PATH`, `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH`, or `PATH` as appropriate for your
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platform for things to work.
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## Add information about GStreamer development environment in your prompt line
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### Bash prompt
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We automatically handle `bash` and set `$PS1` accordingly.
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If the automatic `$PS1` override is not desired (maybe you have a fancy custom
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prompt), set the `$GST_BUILD_DISABLE_PS1_OVERRIDE` environment variable to
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`TRUE` and use `$GST_ENV` when setting the custom prompt, for example with a
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snippet like the following:
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```bash
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...
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if [[ -n "${GST_ENV-}" ]];
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then
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PS1+="[ ${GST_ENV} ]"
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fi
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...
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```
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### Using powerline
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In your powerline theme configuration file (by default in
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`{POWERLINE INSTALLATION DIR}/config_files/themes/shell/default.json`)
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you should add a new environment segment as follow:
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```
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{
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"function": "powerline.segments.common.env.environment",
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"args": { "variable": "GST_ENV" },
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"priority": 50
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},
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```
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## Windows Prerequisites Setup
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On Windows, some of the components may require special care.
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### Git for Windows
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Use the [Git for Windows](https://gitforwindows.org/) installer. It will
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install a `bash` prompt with basic shell utils and up-to-date git binaries.
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During installation, when prompted about `PATH`, you should select the
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following option:
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### Python 3.5+ on Windows
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Use the [official Python installer](https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/).
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You must ensure that Python is installed into `PATH`:
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You may also want to customize the installation and install it into
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a system-wide location such as `C:\PythonXY`, but this is not required.
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### Ninja on Windows
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The easiest way to install Ninja on Windows is with `pip3`, which will download
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the compiled binary and place it into the `Scripts` directory inside your
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Python installation:
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```
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pip3 install ninja
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```
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You can also download the [official release](https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases)
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and place it into `PATH`.
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### Meson on Windows
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**IMPORTANT**: Do not use the Meson MSI installer since it is experimental and known to not
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work with `GStreamer`.
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You can use `pip3` to install Meson, same as Ninja above:
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```
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pip3 install meson
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```
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Note that Meson is written entirely in Python, so you can also run it as-is
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from the [git repository](https://github.com/mesonbuild/meson/) if you want to
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use the latest master branch for some reason.
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### Running Meson on Windows
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At present, to build with Visual Studio, you need to run Meson from inside the
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VS 2019 command prompt. Press `Start`, and search for `VS 2019`, and click on
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`x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2019`, or a prompt named similar to
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that:
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**ARM64 native only**: Since Visual Studio might not install dedicated command
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prompt for native ARM64 build, you might need to run `vcvarsx86_arm64.bat` on CMD.
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Please refer to [this document](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/building-on-the-command-line?view=vs-2019#developer_command_file_locations)
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### Setup a mingw/wine based development environment on linux
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#### Install wine and mingw
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##### On fedora x64
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``` sh
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sudo dnf install mingw64-gcc mingw64-gcc-c++ mingw64-pkg-config mingw64-winpthreads wine
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```
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FIXME: Figure out what needs to be installed on other distros
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#### Get meson from git
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This simplifies the process and allows us to use the cross files
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defined in meson itself.
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``` sh
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git clone https://github.com/mesonbuild/meson.git
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```
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#### Build and install
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```
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BUILDDIR=$PWD/winebuild/
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export WINEPREFIX=$BUILDDIR/wine-prefix/ && mkdir -p $WINEPREFIX
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# Setting the prefix is mandatory as it is used to setup symlinks within the development environment
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meson/meson.py $BUILDDIR --cross-file meson/cross/linux-mingw-w64-64bit.txt -Dgst-plugins-bad:vulkan=disabled -Dorc:gtk_doc=disabled --prefix=$BUILDDIR/wininstall/ -Djson-glib:gtk_doc=disabled
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meson/meson.py install -C $BUILDDIR/
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```
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> __NOTE__: You should use `meson install -C $BUILDDIR` each time you make a change
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> instead of the usual `ninja -C build` as this is not in the development environment.
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#### The development environment
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You can get into the development environment the usual way:
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```
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ninja -C $BUILDDIR/ devenv
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```
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Alternatively, if you'd rather not start a shell in your workflow, you
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can mutate the current environment into a suitable state like so:
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```
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gst-env.py --only-environment
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```
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This will print output suitable for an sh-compatible `eval` function,
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just like `ssh-agent -s`.
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After setting up [binfmt] to use wine for windows binaries,
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you can run GStreamer tools under wine by running:
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```
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gst-launch-1.0.exe videotestsrc ! glimagesink
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```
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[binfmt]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/binfmt.d.5.html
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