gstreamer/ext/dash/gstdashdemux.c

/*
 * DASH demux plugin for GStreamer
 *
 * gstdashdemux.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2012 Orange
 *
 * Authors:
 *   David Corvoysier <david.corvoysier@orange.com>
 *   Hamid Zakari <hamid.zakari@gmail.com>
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2013 Smart TV Alliance
 *  Author: Thiago Sousa Santos <thiago.sousa.santos@collabora.com>, Collabora Ltd.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Library General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
 * License along with this library (COPYING); if not, write to the
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
 * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 */
/**
 * SECTION:element-dashdemux
 *
 * DASH demuxer element.
 * <title>Example launch line</title>
 * |[
 * gst-launch-1.0 playbin uri="http://www-itec.uni-klu.ac.at/ftp/datasets/mmsys12/RedBullPlayStreets/redbull_4s/RedBullPlayStreets_4s_isoffmain_DIS_23009_1_v_2_1c2_2011_08_30.mpd"
 * ]|
 */

/* Implementation notes:
 *
 * The following section describes how dashdemux works internally.
 *
 * Introduction:
 *
 * dashdemux is a "fake" demux, as unlike traditional demux elements, it
 * doesn't split data streams contained in an enveloppe to expose them
 * to downstream decoding elements.
 *
 * Instead, it parses an XML file called a manifest to identify a set of
 * individual stream fragments it needs to fetch and expose to the actual
 * demux elements that will handle them (this behavior is sometimes
 * referred as the "demux after a demux" scenario).
 *
 * For a given section of content, several representations corresponding
 * to different bitrates may be available: dashdemux will select the most
 * appropriate representation based on local conditions (typically the
 * available bandwidth and the amount of buffering available, capped by
 * a maximum allowed bitrate).
 *
 * The representation selection algorithm can be configured using
 * specific properties: max bitrate, min/max buffering, bandwidth ratio.
 *
 *
 * General Design:
 *
 * dashdemux has a single sink pad that accepts the data corresponding
 * to the manifest, typically fetched from an HTTP or file source.
 *
 * dashdemux exposes the streams it recreates based on the fragments it
 * fetches through dedicated src pads corresponding to the caps of the
 * fragments container (ISOBMFF/MP4 or MPEG2TS).
 *
 * During playback, new representations will typically be exposed as a
 * new set of pads (see 'Switching between representations' below).
 *
 * Fragments downloading is performed using a dedicated task that fills
 * an internal queue. Another task is in charge of popping fragments
 * from the queue and pushing them downstream.
 *
 * Switching between representations:
 *
 * Decodebin supports scenarios allowing to seamlessly switch from one
 * stream to another inside the same "decoding chain".
 *
 * To achieve that, it combines the elements it autoplugged in chains
 *  and groups, allowing only one decoding group to be active at a given
 * time for a given chain.
 *
 * A chain can signal decodebin that it is complete by sending a
 * no-more-pads event, but even after that new pads can be added to
 * create new subgroups, providing that a new no-more-pads event is sent.
 *
 * We take advantage of that to dynamically create a new decoding group
 * in order to select a different representation during playback.
 *
 * Typically, assuming that each fragment contains both audio and video,
 * the following tree would be created:
 *
 * chain "DASH Demux"
 * |_ group "Representation set 1"
 * |   |_ chain "Qt Demux 0"
 * |       |_ group "Stream 0"
 * |           |_ chain "H264"
 * |           |_ chain "AAC"
 * |_ group "Representation set 2"
 *     |_ chain "Qt Demux 1"
 *         |_ group "Stream 1"
 *             |_ chain "H264"
 *             |_ chain "AAC"
 *
 * Or, if audio and video are contained in separate fragments:
 *
 * chain "DASH Demux"
 * |_ group "Representation set 1"
 * |   |_ chain "Qt Demux 0"
 * |   |   |_ group "Stream 0"
 * |   |       |_ chain "H264"
 * |   |_ chain "Qt Demux 1"
 * |       |_ group "Stream 1"
 * |           |_ chain "AAC"
 * |_ group "Representation set 2"
 *     |_ chain "Qt Demux 3"
 *     |   |_ group "Stream 2"
 *     |       |_ chain "H264"
 *     |_ chain "Qt Demux 4"
 *         |_ group "Stream 3"
 *             |_ chain "AAC"
 *
 * In both cases, when switching from Set 1 to Set 2 an EOS is sent on
 * each end pad corresponding to Rep 0, triggering the "drain" state to
 * propagate upstream.
 * Once both EOS have been processed, the "Set 1" group is completely
 * drained, and decodebin2 will switch to the "Set 2" group.
 *
 * Note: nothing can be pushed to the new decoding group before the
 * old one has been drained, which means that in order to be able to
 * adapt quickly to bandwidth changes, we will not be able to rely
 * on downstream buffering, and will instead manage an internal queue.
 *
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#  include "config.h"
#endif

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <gio/gio.h>
#include <gst/base/gsttypefindhelper.h>
#include <gst/tag/tag.h>
#include <gst/net/gstnet.h>
#include "gst/gst-i18n-plugin.h"
#include "gstdashdemux.h"
#include "gstdash_debug.h"

static GstStaticPadTemplate gst_dash_demux_videosrc_template =
GST_STATIC_PAD_TEMPLATE ("video_%02u",
    GST_PAD_SRC,
    GST_PAD_SOMETIMES,
    GST_STATIC_CAPS_ANY);

static GstStaticPadTemplate gst_dash_demux_audiosrc_template =
GST_STATIC_PAD_TEMPLATE ("audio_%02u",
    GST_PAD_SRC,
    GST_PAD_SOMETIMES,
    GST_STATIC_CAPS_ANY);

static GstStaticPadTemplate gst_dash_demux_subtitlesrc_template =
GST_STATIC_PAD_TEMPLATE ("subtitle_%02u",
    GST_PAD_SRC,
    GST_PAD_SOMETIMES,
    GST_STATIC_CAPS_ANY);

static GstStaticPadTemplate sinktemplate = GST_STATIC_PAD_TEMPLATE ("sink",
    GST_PAD_SINK,
    GST_PAD_ALWAYS,
    GST_STATIC_CAPS ("application/dash+xml"));

GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY (gst_dash_demux_debug);
#define GST_CAT_DEFAULT gst_dash_demux_debug

enum
{
  PROP_0,

  PROP_MAX_BUFFERING_TIME,
  PROP_BANDWIDTH_USAGE,
  PROP_MAX_BITRATE,
  PROP_PRESENTATION_DELAY,
  PROP_LAST
};

/* Default values for properties */
#define DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFERING_TIME       30     /* in seconds */
#define DEFAULT_BANDWIDTH_USAGE         0.8     /* 0 to 1     */
#define DEFAULT_MAX_BITRATE        24000000     /* in bit/s  */
#define DEFAULT_PRESENTATION_DELAY     NULL     /* zero */

/* Clock drift compensation for live streams */
#define SLOW_CLOCK_UPDATE_INTERVAL  (1000000 * 30 * 60) /* 30 minutes */
#define FAST_CLOCK_UPDATE_INTERVAL  (1000000 * 30)      /* 30 seconds */
#define SUPPORTED_CLOCK_FORMATS (GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_NTP | GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_HTTP_HEAD | GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_HTTP_XSDATE | GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_HTTP_ISO | GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_HTTP_NTP)
#define NTP_TO_UNIX_EPOCH G_GUINT64_CONSTANT(2208988800)        /* difference (in seconds) between NTP epoch and Unix epoch */

struct _GstDashDemuxClockDrift
{
  GMutex clock_lock;            /* used to protect access to struct */
  guint selected_url;
  gint64 next_update;
  /* @clock_compensation: amount (in usecs) to add to client's idea of
     now to map it to the server's idea of now */
  GTimeSpan clock_compensation;
  GstClock *ntp_clock;
};

/* GObject */
static void gst_dash_demux_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec);
static void gst_dash_demux_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec);
static void gst_dash_demux_dispose (GObject * obj);

/* GstAdaptiveDemux */
static GstClockTime gst_dash_demux_get_duration (GstAdaptiveDemux * ademux);
static gboolean gst_dash_demux_is_live (GstAdaptiveDemux * ademux);
static void gst_dash_demux_reset (GstAdaptiveDemux * ademux);
static gboolean gst_dash_demux_process_manifest (GstAdaptiveDemux * ademux,
    GstBuffer * buf);
static gboolean gst_dash_demux_seek (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux, GstEvent * seek);
static GstFlowReturn
gst_dash_demux_stream_update_fragment_info (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream);
static GstFlowReturn gst_dash_demux_stream_seek (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream *
    stream, gboolean forward, GstSeekFlags flags, GstClockTime ts,
    GstClockTime * final_ts);
static gboolean gst_dash_demux_stream_has_next_fragment (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream
    * stream);
static GstFlowReturn
gst_dash_demux_stream_advance_fragment (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream);
static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_stream_advance_subfragment (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream);
static gboolean gst_dash_demux_stream_select_bitrate (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream *
    stream, guint64 bitrate);
static gint64 gst_dash_demux_get_manifest_update_interval (GstAdaptiveDemux *
    demux);
static GstFlowReturn gst_dash_demux_update_manifest_data (GstAdaptiveDemux *
    demux, GstBuffer * buf);
static gint64
gst_dash_demux_stream_get_fragment_waiting_time (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream *
    stream);
static void gst_dash_demux_advance_period (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux);
static gboolean gst_dash_demux_has_next_period (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux);
static GstFlowReturn gst_dash_demux_data_received (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux,
    GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream, GstBuffer * buffer);
static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_stream_fragment_start (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux,
    GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream);
static GstFlowReturn
gst_dash_demux_stream_fragment_finished (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux,
    GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream);

/* GstDashDemux */
static gboolean gst_dash_demux_setup_all_streams (GstDashDemux * demux);
static void gst_dash_demux_stream_free (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream);

static GstCaps *gst_dash_demux_get_input_caps (GstDashDemux * demux,
    GstActiveStream * stream);
static GstPad *gst_dash_demux_create_pad (GstDashDemux * demux,
    GstActiveStream * stream);
static GstDashDemuxClockDrift *gst_dash_demux_clock_drift_new (GstDashDemux *
    demux);
static void gst_dash_demux_clock_drift_free (GstDashDemuxClockDrift *);
static gboolean gst_dash_demux_poll_clock_drift (GstDashDemux * demux);
static GTimeSpan gst_dash_demux_get_clock_compensation (GstDashDemux * demux);
static GDateTime *gst_dash_demux_get_server_now_utc (GstDashDemux * demux);

#define SIDX(s) (&(s)->sidx_parser.sidx)
#define SIDX_ENTRY(s,i) (&(SIDX(s)->entries[(i)]))
#define SIDX_CURRENT_ENTRY(s) SIDX_ENTRY(s, SIDX(s)->entry_index)

static void gst_dash_demux_send_content_protection_event (gpointer cp_data,
    gpointer stream);

#define gst_dash_demux_parent_class parent_class
G_DEFINE_TYPE_WITH_CODE (GstDashDemux, gst_dash_demux, GST_TYPE_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX,
    GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY_INIT (gst_dash_demux_debug, "dashdemux", 0,
        "dashdemux element")
    );

static void
gst_dash_demux_dispose (GObject * obj)
{
  GstDashDemux *demux = GST_DASH_DEMUX (obj);

  gst_dash_demux_reset (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (demux));

  if (demux->client) {
    gst_mpd_client_free (demux->client);
    demux->client = NULL;
  }

  g_mutex_clear (&demux->client_lock);

  gst_dash_demux_clock_drift_free (demux->clock_drift);
  demux->clock_drift = NULL;
  g_free (demux->default_presentation_delay);
  G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->dispose (obj);
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_get_live_seek_range (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux, gint64 * start,
    gint64 * stop)
{
  GstDashDemux *self = GST_DASH_DEMUX (demux);
  GDateTime *now;
  GDateTime *mstart;
  GTimeSpan stream_now;
  GstClockTime seg_duration;

  if (self->client->mpd_node->availabilityStartTime == NULL)
    return FALSE;

  seg_duration = gst_mpd_client_get_maximum_segment_duration (self->client);
  now = gst_dash_demux_get_server_now_utc (self);
  mstart =
      gst_date_time_to_g_date_time (self->client->
      mpd_node->availabilityStartTime);
  stream_now = g_date_time_difference (now, mstart);
  g_date_time_unref (now);
  g_date_time_unref (mstart);

  if (stream_now <= 0)
    return FALSE;

  *stop = stream_now * GST_USECOND;
  if (self->client->mpd_node->timeShiftBufferDepth == GST_MPD_DURATION_NONE) {
    *start = 0;
  } else {
    *start =
        *stop - (self->client->mpd_node->timeShiftBufferDepth * GST_MSECOND);
    if (*start < 0)
      *start = 0;
  }

  /* As defined in 5.3.9.5.3 of the DASH specification, a segment does
     not become available until the sum of:
     * the value of the MPD@availabilityStartTime,
     * the PeriodStart time of the containing Period
     * the MPD start time of the Media Segment, and
     * the MPD duration of the Media Segment.
     Therefore we need to subtract the media segment duration from the stop
     time.
   */
  *stop -= seg_duration;
  return TRUE;
}

static GstClockTime
gst_dash_demux_get_presentation_offset (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux,
    GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);

  return gst_mpd_parser_get_stream_presentation_offset (dashdemux->client,
      dashstream->index);
}

static GstClockTime
gst_dash_demux_get_period_start_time (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);

  return gst_mpd_parser_get_period_start_time (dashdemux->client);
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_class_init (GstDashDemuxClass * klass)
{
  GObjectClass *gobject_class;
  GstElementClass *gstelement_class;
  GstAdaptiveDemuxClass *gstadaptivedemux_class;

  gobject_class = (GObjectClass *) klass;
  gstelement_class = (GstElementClass *) klass;
  gstadaptivedemux_class = (GstAdaptiveDemuxClass *) klass;

  gobject_class->set_property = gst_dash_demux_set_property;
  gobject_class->get_property = gst_dash_demux_get_property;
  gobject_class->dispose = gst_dash_demux_dispose;

#ifndef GST_REMOVE_DEPRECATED
  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_MAX_BUFFERING_TIME,
      g_param_spec_uint ("max-buffering-time", "Maximum buffering time",
          "Maximum number of seconds of buffer accumulated during playback"
          "(deprecated)",
          2, G_MAXUINT, DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFERING_TIME,
          G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS | G_PARAM_DEPRECATED));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_BANDWIDTH_USAGE,
      g_param_spec_float ("bandwidth-usage",
          "Bandwidth usage [0..1]",
          "Percentage of the available bandwidth to use when "
          "selecting representations (deprecated)",
          0, 1, DEFAULT_BANDWIDTH_USAGE,
          G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS | G_PARAM_DEPRECATED));
#endif

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_MAX_BITRATE,
      g_param_spec_uint ("max-bitrate", "Max bitrate",
          "Max of bitrate supported by target decoder",
          1000, G_MAXUINT, DEFAULT_MAX_BITRATE,
          G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_PRESENTATION_DELAY,
      g_param_spec_string ("presentation-delay", "Presentation delay",
          "Default presentation delay (in seconds, milliseconds or fragments) (e.g. 12s, 2500ms, 3f)",
          DEFAULT_PRESENTATION_DELAY,
          G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS));

  gst_element_class_add_static_pad_template (gstelement_class,
      &gst_dash_demux_audiosrc_template);
  gst_element_class_add_static_pad_template (gstelement_class,
      &gst_dash_demux_videosrc_template);
  gst_element_class_add_static_pad_template (gstelement_class,
      &gst_dash_demux_subtitlesrc_template);

  gst_element_class_add_static_pad_template (gstelement_class, &sinktemplate);

  gst_element_class_set_static_metadata (gstelement_class,
      "DASH Demuxer",
      "Codec/Demuxer/Adaptive",
      "Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP demuxer",
      "David Corvoysier <david.corvoysier@orange.com>\n\
                Hamid Zakari <hamid.zakari@gmail.com>\n\
                Gianluca Gennari <gennarone@gmail.com>");


  gstadaptivedemux_class->get_duration = gst_dash_demux_get_duration;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->is_live = gst_dash_demux_is_live;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->reset = gst_dash_demux_reset;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->seek = gst_dash_demux_seek;

  gstadaptivedemux_class->process_manifest = gst_dash_demux_process_manifest;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->update_manifest_data =
      gst_dash_demux_update_manifest_data;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->get_manifest_update_interval =
      gst_dash_demux_get_manifest_update_interval;

  gstadaptivedemux_class->has_next_period = gst_dash_demux_has_next_period;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->advance_period = gst_dash_demux_advance_period;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->stream_has_next_fragment =
      gst_dash_demux_stream_has_next_fragment;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->stream_advance_fragment =
      gst_dash_demux_stream_advance_fragment;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->stream_get_fragment_waiting_time =
      gst_dash_demux_stream_get_fragment_waiting_time;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->stream_seek = gst_dash_demux_stream_seek;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->stream_select_bitrate =
      gst_dash_demux_stream_select_bitrate;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->stream_update_fragment_info =
      gst_dash_demux_stream_update_fragment_info;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->stream_free = gst_dash_demux_stream_free;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->get_live_seek_range =
      gst_dash_demux_get_live_seek_range;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->get_presentation_offset =
      gst_dash_demux_get_presentation_offset;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->get_period_start_time =
      gst_dash_demux_get_period_start_time;

  gstadaptivedemux_class->start_fragment = gst_dash_demux_stream_fragment_start;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->finish_fragment =
      gst_dash_demux_stream_fragment_finished;
  gstadaptivedemux_class->data_received = gst_dash_demux_data_received;
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_init (GstDashDemux * demux)
{
  /* Properties */
  demux->max_buffering_time = DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFERING_TIME * GST_SECOND;
  demux->max_bitrate = DEFAULT_MAX_BITRATE;
  demux->default_presentation_delay = DEFAULT_PRESENTATION_DELAY;

  g_mutex_init (&demux->client_lock);

  gst_adaptive_demux_set_stream_struct_size (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (demux),
      sizeof (GstDashDemuxStream));
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec)
{
  GstAdaptiveDemux *adaptivedemux = GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (object);
  GstDashDemux *demux = GST_DASH_DEMUX (object);

  switch (prop_id) {
    case PROP_MAX_BUFFERING_TIME:
      demux->max_buffering_time = g_value_get_uint (value) * GST_SECOND;
      break;
    case PROP_BANDWIDTH_USAGE:
      adaptivedemux->bitrate_limit = g_value_get_float (value);
      break;
    case PROP_MAX_BITRATE:
      demux->max_bitrate = g_value_get_uint (value);
      break;
    case PROP_PRESENTATION_DELAY:
      g_free (demux->default_presentation_delay);
      demux->default_presentation_delay = g_value_dup_string (value);
      break;
    default:
      G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
      break;
  }
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id, GValue * value,
    GParamSpec * pspec)
{
  GstAdaptiveDemux *adaptivedemux = GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (object);
  GstDashDemux *demux = GST_DASH_DEMUX (object);

  switch (prop_id) {
    case PROP_MAX_BUFFERING_TIME:
      g_value_set_uint (value, demux->max_buffering_time / GST_SECOND);
      break;
    case PROP_BANDWIDTH_USAGE:
      g_value_set_float (value, adaptivedemux->bitrate_limit);
      break;
    case PROP_MAX_BITRATE:
      g_value_set_uint (value, demux->max_bitrate);
      break;
    case PROP_PRESENTATION_DELAY:
      if (demux->default_presentation_delay == NULL)
        g_value_set_static_string (value, "");
      else
        g_value_set_string (value, demux->default_presentation_delay);
      break;
    default:
      G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
      break;
  }
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_setup_mpdparser_streams (GstDashDemux * demux,
    GstMpdClient * client)
{
  gboolean has_streams = FALSE;
  GList *adapt_sets, *iter;

  adapt_sets = gst_mpd_client_get_adaptation_sets (client);
  for (iter = adapt_sets; iter; iter = g_list_next (iter)) {
    GstAdaptationSetNode *adapt_set_node = iter->data;

    gst_mpd_client_setup_streaming (client, adapt_set_node);
    has_streams = TRUE;
  }

  if (!has_streams) {
    GST_ELEMENT_ERROR (demux, STREAM, DEMUX, ("Manifest has no playable "
            "streams"), ("No streams could be activated from the manifest"));
  }
  return has_streams;
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_setup_all_streams (GstDashDemux * demux)
{
  guint i;

  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Setting up streams for period %d",
      gst_mpd_client_get_period_index (demux->client));

  /* clean old active stream list, if any */
  gst_active_streams_free (demux->client);

  if (!gst_dash_demux_setup_mpdparser_streams (demux, demux->client)) {
    return FALSE;
  }

  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Creating stream objects");
  for (i = 0; i < gst_mpdparser_get_nb_active_stream (demux->client); i++) {
    GstDashDemuxStream *stream;
    GstActiveStream *active_stream;
    GstCaps *caps;
    GstPad *srcpad;
    gchar *lang = NULL;
    GstTagList *tags = NULL;

    active_stream = gst_mpdparser_get_active_stream_by_index (demux->client, i);
    if (active_stream == NULL)
      continue;

    if (demux->trickmode_no_audio
        && active_stream->mimeType == GST_STREAM_AUDIO) {
      GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux,
          "Skipping audio stream %d because of TRICKMODE_NO_AUDIO flag", i);
      continue;
    }

    srcpad = gst_dash_demux_create_pad (demux, active_stream);
    if (srcpad == NULL)
      continue;

    caps = gst_dash_demux_get_input_caps (demux, active_stream);
    GST_LOG_OBJECT (demux, "Creating stream %d %" GST_PTR_FORMAT, i, caps);

    if (active_stream->cur_adapt_set) {
      GstAdaptationSetNode *adp_set = active_stream->cur_adapt_set;
      lang = adp_set->lang;

      /* Fallback to the language in ContentComponent node */
      if (lang == NULL) {
        GList *it;

        for (it = adp_set->ContentComponents; it; it = it->next) {
          GstContentComponentNode *cc_node = it->data;
          if (cc_node->lang) {
            lang = cc_node->lang;
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    if (lang) {
      if (gst_tag_check_language_code (lang))
        tags = gst_tag_list_new (GST_TAG_LANGUAGE_CODE, lang, NULL);
      else
        tags = gst_tag_list_new (GST_TAG_LANGUAGE_NAME, lang, NULL);
    }

    stream = (GstDashDemuxStream *)
        gst_adaptive_demux_stream_new (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (demux), srcpad);
    stream->active_stream = active_stream;
    gst_adaptive_demux_stream_set_caps (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_STREAM_CAST (stream),
        caps);
    if (tags)
      gst_adaptive_demux_stream_set_tags (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_STREAM_CAST
          (stream), tags);
    stream->index = i;
    stream->pending_seek_ts = GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE;
    if (active_stream->cur_adapt_set &&
        active_stream->cur_adapt_set->RepresentationBase &&
        active_stream->cur_adapt_set->RepresentationBase->ContentProtection) {
      GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Adding ContentProtection events to source pad");
      g_list_foreach (active_stream->cur_adapt_set->RepresentationBase->
          ContentProtection, gst_dash_demux_send_content_protection_event,
          stream);
    }

    gst_isoff_sidx_parser_init (&stream->sidx_parser);
    if (gst_mpd_client_has_isoff_ondemand_profile (demux->client))
      stream->sidx_adapter = gst_adapter_new ();
  }

  return TRUE;
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_send_content_protection_event (gpointer data, gpointer userdata)
{
  GstDescriptorType *cp = (GstDescriptorType *) data;
  GstDashDemuxStream *stream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) userdata;
  GstEvent *event;
  GstBuffer *pssi;
  glong pssi_len;
  gchar *schemeIdUri;

  if (cp->schemeIdUri == NULL)
    return;

  GST_TRACE_OBJECT (stream, "check schemeIdUri %s", cp->schemeIdUri);
  /* RFC 2141 states: The leading "urn:" sequence is case-insensitive */
  schemeIdUri = g_ascii_strdown (cp->schemeIdUri, -1);
  if (g_str_has_prefix (schemeIdUri, "urn:uuid:")) {
    pssi_len = strlen (cp->value);
    pssi = gst_buffer_new_wrapped (g_memdup (cp->value, pssi_len), pssi_len);
    GST_LOG_OBJECT (stream, "Queuing Protection event on source pad");
    /* RFC 4122 states that the hex part of a UUID is in lower case,
     * but some streams seem to ignore this and use upper case for the
     * protection system ID */
    event = gst_event_new_protection (cp->schemeIdUri + 9, pssi, "dash/mpd");
    gst_adaptive_demux_stream_queue_event ((GstAdaptiveDemuxStream *) stream,
        event);
    gst_buffer_unref (pssi);
  }
  g_free (schemeIdUri);
}

static GstClockTime
gst_dash_demux_get_duration (GstAdaptiveDemux * ademux)
{
  GstDashDemux *demux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (ademux);

  g_return_val_if_fail (demux->client != NULL, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);

  return gst_mpd_client_get_media_presentation_duration (demux->client);
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_is_live (GstAdaptiveDemux * ademux)
{
  GstDashDemux *demux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (ademux);

  g_return_val_if_fail (demux->client != NULL, FALSE);

  return gst_mpd_client_is_live (demux->client);
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_setup_streams (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);
  gboolean ret = TRUE;
  GstDateTime *now = NULL;
  guint period_idx;

  /* setup video, audio and subtitle streams, starting from first Period if
   * non-live */
  period_idx = 0;
  if (gst_mpd_client_is_live (dashdemux->client)) {
    GDateTime *g_now;
    if (dashdemux->client->mpd_node->availabilityStartTime == NULL) {
      ret = FALSE;
      GST_ERROR_OBJECT (demux, "MPD does not have availabilityStartTime");
      goto done;
    }
    if (dashdemux->clock_drift == NULL) {
      gchar **urls;
      urls =
          gst_mpd_client_get_utc_timing_sources (dashdemux->client,
          SUPPORTED_CLOCK_FORMATS, NULL);
      if (urls) {
        GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (dashdemux, "Found a supported UTCTiming element");
        dashdemux->clock_drift = gst_dash_demux_clock_drift_new (dashdemux);
        gst_dash_demux_poll_clock_drift (dashdemux);
      }
    }
    /* get period index for period encompassing the current time */
    g_now = gst_dash_demux_get_server_now_utc (dashdemux);
    now = gst_date_time_new_from_g_date_time (g_now);
    if (dashdemux->client->mpd_node->suggestedPresentationDelay != -1) {
      GstDateTime *target = gst_mpd_client_add_time_difference (now,
          dashdemux->client->mpd_node->suggestedPresentationDelay * -1000);
      gst_date_time_unref (now);
      now = target;
    } else if (dashdemux->default_presentation_delay) {
      gint64 dfp =
          gst_mpd_client_parse_default_presentation_delay (dashdemux->client,
          dashdemux->default_presentation_delay);
      GstDateTime *target = gst_mpd_client_add_time_difference (now, dfp);
      gst_date_time_unref (now);
      now = target;
    }
    period_idx =
        gst_mpd_client_get_period_index_at_time (dashdemux->client, now);
    if (period_idx == G_MAXUINT) {
#ifndef GST_DISABLE_GST_DEBUG
      gchar *date_str = gst_date_time_to_iso8601_string (now);
      GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Unable to find live period active at %s",
          date_str);
      g_free (date_str);
#endif
      ret = FALSE;
      goto done;
    }
  }

  if (!gst_mpd_client_set_period_index (dashdemux->client, period_idx) ||
      !gst_dash_demux_setup_all_streams (dashdemux)) {
    ret = FALSE;
    goto done;
  }

  /* If stream is live, try to find the segment that
   * is closest to current time */
  if (gst_mpd_client_is_live (dashdemux->client)) {
    GDateTime *gnow;

    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Seeking to current time of day for live stream ");

    gnow = gst_date_time_to_g_date_time (now);
    gst_mpd_client_seek_to_time (dashdemux->client, gnow);
    g_date_time_unref (gnow);
  } else {
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Seeking to first segment for on-demand stream ");

    /* start playing from the first segment */
    gst_mpd_client_seek_to_first_segment (dashdemux->client);
  }

done:
  if (now != NULL)
    gst_date_time_unref (now);
  return ret;
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_process_manifest (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux, GstBuffer * buf)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);
  gboolean ret = FALSE;
  gchar *manifest;
  GstMapInfo mapinfo;

  if (dashdemux->client)
    gst_mpd_client_free (dashdemux->client);
  dashdemux->client = gst_mpd_client_new ();
  gst_mpd_client_set_uri_downloader (dashdemux->client, demux->downloader);

  dashdemux->client->mpd_uri = g_strdup (demux->manifest_uri);
  dashdemux->client->mpd_base_uri = g_strdup (demux->manifest_base_uri);

  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Fetched MPD file at URI: %s (base: %s)",
      dashdemux->client->mpd_uri,
      GST_STR_NULL (dashdemux->client->mpd_base_uri));

  if (gst_buffer_map (buf, &mapinfo, GST_MAP_READ)) {
    manifest = (gchar *) mapinfo.data;
    if (gst_mpd_parse (dashdemux->client, manifest, mapinfo.size)) {
      if (gst_mpd_client_setup_media_presentation (dashdemux->client, 0, 0,
              NULL)) {
        ret = TRUE;
      } else {
        GST_ELEMENT_ERROR (demux, STREAM, DECODE,
            ("Incompatible manifest file."), (NULL));
      }
    }
    gst_buffer_unmap (buf, &mapinfo);
  } else {
    GST_WARNING_OBJECT (demux, "Failed to map manifest buffer");
  }

  if (ret)
    ret = gst_dash_demux_setup_streams (demux);

  return ret;
}

static GstPad *
gst_dash_demux_create_pad (GstDashDemux * demux, GstActiveStream * stream)
{
  GstPad *pad;
  GstPadTemplate *tmpl;
  gchar *name;

  switch (stream->mimeType) {
    case GST_STREAM_AUDIO:
      name = g_strdup_printf ("audio_%02u", demux->n_audio_streams++);
      tmpl = gst_static_pad_template_get (&gst_dash_demux_audiosrc_template);
      break;
    case GST_STREAM_VIDEO:
      name = g_strdup_printf ("video_%02u", demux->n_video_streams++);
      tmpl = gst_static_pad_template_get (&gst_dash_demux_videosrc_template);
      break;
    case GST_STREAM_APPLICATION:
      if (gst_mpd_client_active_stream_contains_subtitles (stream)) {
        name = g_strdup_printf ("subtitle_%02u", demux->n_subtitle_streams++);
        tmpl =
            gst_static_pad_template_get (&gst_dash_demux_subtitlesrc_template);
      } else {
        return NULL;
      }
      break;
    default:
      g_assert_not_reached ();
      return NULL;
  }

  /* Create and activate new pads */
  pad = gst_pad_new_from_template (tmpl, name);
  g_free (name);
  gst_object_unref (tmpl);

  gst_pad_set_active (pad, TRUE);
  GST_INFO_OBJECT (demux, "Creating srcpad %s:%s", GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
  return pad;
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_reset (GstAdaptiveDemux * ademux)
{
  GstDashDemux *demux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (ademux);

  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Resetting demux");

  demux->end_of_period = FALSE;
  demux->end_of_manifest = FALSE;

  if (demux->client) {
    gst_mpd_client_free (demux->client);
    demux->client = NULL;
  }
  gst_dash_demux_clock_drift_free (demux->clock_drift);
  demux->clock_drift = NULL;
  demux->client = gst_mpd_client_new ();
  gst_mpd_client_set_uri_downloader (demux->client, ademux->downloader);

  demux->n_audio_streams = 0;
  demux->n_video_streams = 0;
  demux->n_subtitle_streams = 0;

  demux->trickmode_no_audio = FALSE;
}

static GstCaps *
gst_dash_demux_get_video_input_caps (GstDashDemux * demux,
    GstActiveStream * stream)
{
  guint width = 0, height = 0;
  gint fps_num = 0, fps_den = 1;
  gboolean have_fps = FALSE;
  GstCaps *caps = NULL;

  if (stream == NULL)
    return NULL;

  /* if bitstreamSwitching is true we dont need to swich pads on resolution change */
  if (!gst_mpd_client_get_bitstream_switching_flag (stream)) {
    width = gst_mpd_client_get_video_stream_width (stream);
    height = gst_mpd_client_get_video_stream_height (stream);
    have_fps =
        gst_mpd_client_get_video_stream_framerate (stream, &fps_num, &fps_den);
  }
  caps = gst_mpd_client_get_stream_caps (stream);
  if (caps == NULL)
    return NULL;

  if (width > 0 && height > 0) {
    gst_caps_set_simple (caps, "width", G_TYPE_INT, width, "height",
        G_TYPE_INT, height, NULL);
  }

  if (have_fps) {
    gst_caps_set_simple (caps, "framerate", GST_TYPE_FRACTION, fps_num,
        fps_den, NULL);
  }

  return caps;
}

static GstCaps *
gst_dash_demux_get_audio_input_caps (GstDashDemux * demux,
    GstActiveStream * stream)
{
  guint rate = 0, channels = 0;
  GstCaps *caps = NULL;

  if (stream == NULL)
    return NULL;

  /* if bitstreamSwitching is true we dont need to swich pads on rate/channels change */
  if (!gst_mpd_client_get_bitstream_switching_flag (stream)) {
    channels = gst_mpd_client_get_audio_stream_num_channels (stream);
    rate = gst_mpd_client_get_audio_stream_rate (stream);
  }
  caps = gst_mpd_client_get_stream_caps (stream);
  if (caps == NULL)
    return NULL;

  if (rate > 0) {
    gst_caps_set_simple (caps, "rate", G_TYPE_INT, rate, NULL);
  }
  if (channels > 0) {
    gst_caps_set_simple (caps, "channels", G_TYPE_INT, channels, NULL);
  }

  return caps;
}

static GstCaps *
gst_dash_demux_get_application_input_caps (GstDashDemux * demux,
    GstActiveStream * stream)
{
  GstCaps *caps = NULL;

  if (stream == NULL)
    return NULL;

  caps = gst_mpd_client_get_stream_caps (stream);
  if (caps == NULL)
    return NULL;

  return caps;
}

static GstCaps *
gst_dash_demux_get_input_caps (GstDashDemux * demux, GstActiveStream * stream)
{
  switch (stream->mimeType) {
    case GST_STREAM_VIDEO:
      return gst_dash_demux_get_video_input_caps (demux, stream);
    case GST_STREAM_AUDIO:
      return gst_dash_demux_get_audio_input_caps (demux, stream);
    case GST_STREAM_APPLICATION:
      return gst_dash_demux_get_application_input_caps (demux, stream);
    default:
      return GST_CAPS_NONE;
  }
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_stream_update_headers_info (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (stream->demux);
  gchar *path = NULL;

  gst_mpd_client_get_next_header (dashdemux->client,
      &path, dashstream->index,
      &stream->fragment.header_range_start, &stream->fragment.header_range_end);

  if (path != NULL) {
    stream->fragment.header_uri =
        gst_uri_join_strings (gst_mpdparser_get_baseURL (dashdemux->client,
            dashstream->index), path);
    g_free (path);
    path = NULL;
  }

  gst_mpd_client_get_next_header_index (dashdemux->client,
      &path, dashstream->index,
      &stream->fragment.index_range_start, &stream->fragment.index_range_end);

  if (path != NULL) {
    stream->fragment.index_uri =
        gst_uri_join_strings (gst_mpdparser_get_baseURL (dashdemux->client,
            dashstream->index), path);
    g_free (path);
  }
}

static GstFlowReturn
gst_dash_demux_stream_update_fragment_info (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (stream->demux);
  GstClockTime ts;
  GstMediaFragmentInfo fragment;
  gboolean isombff;

  gst_adaptive_demux_stream_fragment_clear (&stream->fragment);

  isombff = gst_mpd_client_has_isoff_ondemand_profile (dashdemux->client);

  if (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_STREAM_NEED_HEADER (stream) && isombff) {
    gst_dash_demux_stream_update_headers_info (stream);
    dashstream->sidx_base_offset = stream->fragment.index_range_end + 1;
    if (dashstream->sidx_index != 0) {
      /* request only the index to be downloaded as we need to reposition the
       * stream to a subsegment */
      return GST_FLOW_OK;
    }
  }

  if (gst_mpd_client_get_next_fragment_timestamp (dashdemux->client,
          dashstream->index, &ts)) {
    if (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_STREAM_NEED_HEADER (stream)) {
      gst_adaptive_demux_stream_fragment_clear (&stream->fragment);
      gst_dash_demux_stream_update_headers_info (stream);
    }

    gst_mpd_client_get_next_fragment (dashdemux->client, dashstream->index,
        &fragment);

    stream->fragment.uri = fragment.uri;
    if (isombff && dashstream->sidx_index != 0) {
      GstSidxBoxEntry *entry = SIDX_CURRENT_ENTRY (dashstream);
      stream->fragment.range_start =
          dashstream->sidx_base_offset + entry->offset;
      stream->fragment.timestamp = entry->pts;
      stream->fragment.duration = entry->duration;
      if (stream->demux->segment.rate < 0.0) {
        stream->fragment.range_end =
            stream->fragment.range_start + entry->size - 1;
      } else {
        stream->fragment.range_end = fragment.range_end;
      }
    } else {
      stream->fragment.timestamp = fragment.timestamp;
      stream->fragment.duration = fragment.duration;
      stream->fragment.range_start =
          MAX (fragment.range_start, dashstream->sidx_base_offset);
      stream->fragment.range_end = fragment.range_end;
    }

    return GST_FLOW_OK;
  }

  return GST_FLOW_EOS;
}

static gint
gst_dash_demux_index_entry_search (GstSidxBoxEntry * entry, GstClockTime * ts,
    gpointer user_data)
{
  GstClockTime entry_ts = entry->pts + entry->duration;
  if (entry_ts < *ts)
    return -1;
  else if (entry->pts > *ts)
    return 1;
  else
    return 0;
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_stream_sidx_seek (GstDashDemuxStream * dashstream,
    gboolean forward, GstSeekFlags flags, GstClockTime ts,
    GstClockTime * final_ts)
{
  GstSidxBox *sidx = SIDX (dashstream);
  GstSidxBoxEntry *entry;
  gint idx = sidx->entries_count;

  /* check whether ts is already past the last element or not */
  if (sidx->entries[idx - 1].pts + sidx->entries[idx - 1].duration >= ts) {
    GstSearchMode mode = GST_SEARCH_MODE_BEFORE;

    if ((flags & GST_SEEK_FLAG_SNAP_NEAREST) == GST_SEEK_FLAG_SNAP_NEAREST) {
      mode = GST_SEARCH_MODE_BEFORE;
    } else if ((forward && (flags & GST_SEEK_FLAG_SNAP_AFTER)) ||
        (!forward && (flags & GST_SEEK_FLAG_SNAP_BEFORE))) {
      mode = GST_SEARCH_MODE_AFTER;
    } else {
      mode = GST_SEARCH_MODE_BEFORE;
    }

    entry =
        gst_util_array_binary_search (sidx->entries, sidx->entries_count,
        sizeof (GstSidxBoxEntry),
        (GCompareDataFunc) gst_dash_demux_index_entry_search, mode, &ts, NULL);

    idx = entry - sidx->entries;

    /* FIXME in reverse mode, if we are exactly at a fragment start it makes more
     * sense to start from the end of the previous fragment */
    /* FIXME we should have a GST_SEARCH_MODE_NEAREST */
    if ((flags & GST_SEEK_FLAG_SNAP_NEAREST) == GST_SEEK_FLAG_SNAP_NEAREST &&
        idx + 1 < sidx->entries_count) {
      if (ABS (sidx->entries[idx + 1].pts - ts) <
          ABS (sidx->entries[idx].pts - ts))
        idx += 1;
    }
  }

  sidx->entry_index = idx;
  dashstream->sidx_index = idx;

  if (final_ts) {
    if (idx == sidx->entries_count)
      *final_ts = sidx->entries[idx].pts + sidx->entries[idx].duration;
    else
      *final_ts = sidx->entries[idx].pts;
  }
}

static GstFlowReturn
gst_dash_demux_stream_seek (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream, gboolean forward,
    GstSeekFlags flags, GstClockTime ts, GstClockTime * final_ts)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (stream->demux);

  if (gst_mpd_client_has_isoff_ondemand_profile (dashdemux->client)) {
    if (dashstream->sidx_parser.status == GST_ISOFF_SIDX_PARSER_FINISHED) {
      gst_dash_demux_stream_sidx_seek (dashstream, forward, flags, ts,
          final_ts);
    } else {
      /* no index yet, seek when we have it */
      /* FIXME - the final_ts won't be correct here */
      dashstream->pending_seek_ts = ts;
    }
  }

  gst_mpd_client_stream_seek (dashdemux->client, dashstream->active_stream,
      forward, flags, ts, final_ts);
  return GST_FLOW_OK;
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_stream_has_next_subfragment (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;
  GstSidxBox *sidx = SIDX (dashstream);

  if (dashstream->sidx_parser.status == GST_ISOFF_SIDX_PARSER_FINISHED) {
    if (stream->demux->segment.rate > 0.0) {
      if (sidx->entry_index + 1 < sidx->entries_count)
        return TRUE;
    } else {
      if (sidx->entry_index >= 1)
        return TRUE;
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_stream_advance_subfragment (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;

  GstSidxBox *sidx = SIDX (dashstream);
  gboolean fragment_finished = TRUE;

  if (dashstream->sidx_parser.status == GST_ISOFF_SIDX_PARSER_FINISHED) {
    if (stream->demux->segment.rate > 0.0) {
      sidx->entry_index++;
      if (sidx->entry_index < sidx->entries_count) {
        fragment_finished = FALSE;
      }
    } else {
      sidx->entry_index--;
      if (sidx->entry_index >= 0) {
        fragment_finished = FALSE;
      }
    }
  }

  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (stream->pad, "New sidx index: %d / %d. "
      "Finished fragment: %d", sidx->entry_index, sidx->entries_count,
      fragment_finished);

  return !fragment_finished;
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_stream_has_next_fragment (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (stream->demux);
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;

  if (gst_mpd_client_has_isoff_ondemand_profile (dashdemux->client)) {
    if (gst_dash_demux_stream_has_next_subfragment (stream))
      return TRUE;
  }

  return gst_mpd_client_has_next_segment (dashdemux->client,
      dashstream->active_stream, stream->demux->segment.rate > 0.0);
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_clear_pending_stream_data (GstDashDemux * dashdemux,
    GstDashDemuxStream * dashstream)
{
  gst_isoff_sidx_parser_clear (&dashstream->sidx_parser);
  gst_isoff_sidx_parser_init (&dashstream->sidx_parser);
  if (dashstream->sidx_adapter)
    gst_adapter_clear (dashstream->sidx_adapter);
}

static GstFlowReturn
gst_dash_demux_stream_advance_fragment (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (stream->demux);

  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (stream->pad, "Advance fragment");

  if (gst_mpd_client_has_isoff_ondemand_profile (dashdemux->client)) {
    if (gst_dash_demux_stream_advance_subfragment (stream))
      return GST_FLOW_OK;
  }

  gst_dash_demux_clear_pending_stream_data (dashdemux, dashstream);

  return gst_mpd_client_advance_segment (dashdemux->client,
      dashstream->active_stream, stream->demux->segment.rate > 0.0);
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_stream_select_bitrate (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream,
    guint64 bitrate)
{
  GstActiveStream *active_stream = NULL;
  GList *rep_list = NULL;
  gint new_index;
  GstDashDemux *demux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (stream->demux);
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;
  gboolean ret = FALSE;

  active_stream = dashstream->active_stream;
  if (active_stream == NULL) {
    goto end;
  }

  /* retrieve representation list */
  if (active_stream->cur_adapt_set)
    rep_list = active_stream->cur_adapt_set->Representations;
  if (!rep_list) {
    goto end;
  }

  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (stream->pad,
      "Trying to change to bitrate: %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT, bitrate);

  /* get representation index with current max_bandwidth */
  new_index = gst_mpdparser_get_rep_idx_with_max_bandwidth (rep_list, bitrate);

  /* if no representation has the required bandwidth, take the lowest one */
  if (new_index == -1)
    new_index = gst_mpdparser_get_rep_idx_with_min_bandwidth (rep_list);

  if (new_index != active_stream->representation_idx) {
    GstRepresentationNode *rep = g_list_nth_data (rep_list, new_index);
    GST_INFO_OBJECT (demux, "Changing representation idx: %d %d %u",
        dashstream->index, new_index, rep->bandwidth);
    if (gst_mpd_client_setup_representation (demux->client, active_stream, rep)) {
      GstCaps *caps;

      GST_INFO_OBJECT (demux, "Switching bitrate to %d",
          active_stream->cur_representation->bandwidth);
      caps = gst_dash_demux_get_input_caps (demux, active_stream);
      gst_adaptive_demux_stream_set_caps (stream, caps);
      ret = TRUE;

    } else {
      GST_WARNING_OBJECT (demux, "Can not switch representation, aborting...");
    }
  }

  if (ret) {
    gst_dash_demux_clear_pending_stream_data (demux, dashstream);

    if (gst_mpd_client_has_isoff_ondemand_profile (demux->client)) {
      /* store our current position to change to the same one in a different
       * representation if needed */
      dashstream->sidx_index = SIDX (dashstream)->entry_index;
    }
  }

end:
  return ret;
}

#define SEEK_UPDATES_PLAY_POSITION(r, start_type, stop_type) \
  ((r >= 0 && start_type != GST_SEEK_TYPE_NONE) || \
   (r < 0 && stop_type != GST_SEEK_TYPE_NONE))

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_seek (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux, GstEvent * seek)
{
  gdouble rate;
  GstFormat format;
  GstSeekFlags flags;
  GstSeekType start_type, stop_type;
  gint64 start, stop;
  GList *list;
  GstClockTime current_pos, target_pos;
  guint current_period;
  GstStreamPeriod *period;
  GList *iter, *streams = NULL;
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);
  gboolean trickmode_no_audio;

  gst_event_parse_seek (seek, &rate, &format, &flags, &start_type, &start,
      &stop_type, &stop);

  if (!SEEK_UPDATES_PLAY_POSITION (rate, start_type, stop_type)) {
    /* nothing to do if we don't have to update the current position */
    return TRUE;
  }

  if (demux->segment.rate > 0.0) {
    target_pos = (GstClockTime) start;
  } else {
    target_pos = (GstClockTime) stop;
  }

  /* select the requested Period in the Media Presentation */
  if (!gst_mpd_client_setup_media_presentation (dashdemux->client, target_pos,
          -1, NULL))
    return FALSE;

  current_period = 0;
  for (list = g_list_first (dashdemux->client->periods); list;
      list = g_list_next (list)) {
    period = list->data;
    current_pos = period->start;
    current_period = period->number;
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Looking at period %u) start:%"
        GST_TIME_FORMAT " - duration:%"
        GST_TIME_FORMAT ") for position %" GST_TIME_FORMAT,
        current_period, GST_TIME_ARGS (current_pos),
        GST_TIME_ARGS (period->duration), GST_TIME_ARGS (target_pos));
    if (current_pos <= target_pos
        && target_pos <= current_pos + period->duration) {
      break;
    }
  }
  if (list == NULL) {
    GST_WARNING_OBJECT (demux, "Could not find seeked Period");
    return FALSE;
  }

  trickmode_no_audio = ! !(flags & GST_SEEK_FLAG_TRICKMODE_NO_AUDIO);

  streams = demux->streams;
  if (current_period != gst_mpd_client_get_period_index (dashdemux->client)) {
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Seeking to Period %d", current_period);

    /* clean old active stream list, if any */
    gst_active_streams_free (dashdemux->client);
    dashdemux->trickmode_no_audio = trickmode_no_audio;

    /* setup video, audio and subtitle streams, starting from the new Period */
    if (!gst_mpd_client_set_period_index (dashdemux->client, current_period)
        || !gst_dash_demux_setup_all_streams (dashdemux))
      return FALSE;
    streams = demux->next_streams;
  } else if (dashdemux->trickmode_no_audio != trickmode_no_audio) {
    /* clean old active stream list, if any */
    gst_active_streams_free (dashdemux->client);
    dashdemux->trickmode_no_audio = trickmode_no_audio;

    /* setup video, audio and subtitle streams, starting from the new Period */
    if (!gst_dash_demux_setup_all_streams (dashdemux))
      return FALSE;
    streams = demux->next_streams;
  }

  /* Update the current sequence on all streams */
  for (iter = streams; iter; iter = g_list_next (iter)) {
    GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = iter->data;

    if (flags & GST_SEEK_FLAG_FLUSH) {
      gst_dash_demux_clear_pending_stream_data (dashdemux, dashstream);
    }
    gst_dash_demux_stream_seek (iter->data, rate >= 0, 0, target_pos, NULL);
  }
  return TRUE;
}

static gint64
gst_dash_demux_get_manifest_update_interval (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);
  return MIN (dashdemux->client->mpd_node->minimumUpdatePeriod * 1000,
      SLOW_CLOCK_UPDATE_INTERVAL);
}

static GstFlowReturn
gst_dash_demux_update_manifest_data (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux,
    GstBuffer * buffer)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);
  GstMpdClient *new_client = NULL;
  GstMapInfo mapinfo;

  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Updating manifest file from URL");

  /* parse the manifest file */
  new_client = gst_mpd_client_new ();
  gst_mpd_client_set_uri_downloader (new_client, demux->downloader);
  new_client->mpd_uri = g_strdup (demux->manifest_uri);
  new_client->mpd_base_uri = g_strdup (demux->manifest_base_uri);
  gst_buffer_map (buffer, &mapinfo, GST_MAP_READ);

  if (gst_mpd_parse (new_client, (gchar *) mapinfo.data, mapinfo.size)) {
    const gchar *period_id;
    guint period_idx;
    GList *iter;
    GList *streams_iter;

    /* prepare the new manifest and try to transfer the stream position
     * status from the old manifest client  */

    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Updating manifest");

    period_id = gst_mpd_client_get_period_id (dashdemux->client);
    period_idx = gst_mpd_client_get_period_index (dashdemux->client);

    /* setup video, audio and subtitle streams, starting from current Period */
    if (!gst_mpd_client_setup_media_presentation (new_client, -1,
            (period_id ? -1 : period_idx), period_id)) {
      /* TODO */
    }

    if (period_id) {
      if (!gst_mpd_client_set_period_id (new_client, period_id)) {
        GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Error setting up the updated manifest file");
        gst_mpd_client_free (new_client);
        gst_buffer_unmap (buffer, &mapinfo);
        return GST_FLOW_EOS;
      }
    } else {
      if (!gst_mpd_client_set_period_index (new_client, period_idx)) {
        GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Error setting up the updated manifest file");
        gst_mpd_client_free (new_client);
        gst_buffer_unmap (buffer, &mapinfo);
        return GST_FLOW_EOS;
      }
    }

    if (!gst_dash_demux_setup_mpdparser_streams (dashdemux, new_client)) {
      GST_ERROR_OBJECT (demux, "Failed to setup streams on manifest " "update");
      gst_mpd_client_free (new_client);
      gst_buffer_unmap (buffer, &mapinfo);
      return GST_FLOW_ERROR;
    }

    /* update the streams to play from the next segment */
    for (iter = demux->streams, streams_iter = new_client->active_streams;
        iter && streams_iter;
        iter = g_list_next (iter), streams_iter = g_list_next (streams_iter)) {
      GstDashDemuxStream *demux_stream = iter->data;
      GstActiveStream *new_stream = streams_iter->data;
      GstClockTime ts;

      if (!new_stream) {
        GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux,
            "Stream of index %d is missing from manifest update",
            demux_stream->index);
        gst_mpd_client_free (new_client);
        gst_buffer_unmap (buffer, &mapinfo);
        return GST_FLOW_EOS;
      }

      if (gst_mpd_client_get_next_fragment_timestamp (dashdemux->client,
              demux_stream->index, &ts)
          || gst_mpd_client_get_last_fragment_timestamp_end (dashdemux->client,
              demux_stream->index, &ts)) {

        /* Due to rounding when doing the timescale conversions it might happen
         * that the ts falls back to a previous segment, leading the same data
         * to be downloaded twice. We try to work around this by always adding
         * 10 microseconds to get back to the correct segment. The errors are
         * usually on the order of nanoseconds so it should be enough.
         */
        GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_STREAM_PAD (demux_stream),
            "Current position: %" GST_TIME_FORMAT ", updating to %"
            GST_TIME_FORMAT, GST_TIME_ARGS (ts),
            GST_TIME_ARGS (ts + (10 * GST_USECOND)));
        ts += 10 * GST_USECOND;
        gst_mpd_client_stream_seek (new_client, new_stream,
            demux->segment.rate >= 0, 0, ts, NULL);
      }

      demux_stream->active_stream = new_stream;
    }

    gst_mpd_client_free (dashdemux->client);
    dashdemux->client = new_client;

    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Manifest file successfully updated");
    if (dashdemux->clock_drift) {
      gst_dash_demux_poll_clock_drift (dashdemux);
    }
  } else {
    /* In most cases, this will happen if we set a wrong url in the
     * source element and we have received the 404 HTML response instead of
     * the manifest */
    GST_WARNING_OBJECT (demux, "Error parsing the manifest.");
    gst_mpd_client_free (new_client);
    gst_buffer_unmap (buffer, &mapinfo);
    return GST_FLOW_ERROR;
  }

  gst_buffer_unmap (buffer, &mapinfo);

  return GST_FLOW_OK;
}

static gint64
gst_dash_demux_stream_get_fragment_waiting_time (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream *
    stream)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (stream->demux);
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;
  GstDateTime *segmentAvailability;
  GstActiveStream *active_stream = dashstream->active_stream;

  segmentAvailability =
      gst_mpd_client_get_next_segment_availability_start_time
      (dashdemux->client, active_stream);

  if (segmentAvailability) {
    gint64 diff;
    GstDateTime *cur_time;

    cur_time =
        gst_date_time_new_from_g_date_time
        (gst_adaptive_demux_get_client_now_utc (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST
            (dashdemux)));
    diff =
        gst_mpd_client_calculate_time_difference (cur_time,
        segmentAvailability);
    gst_date_time_unref (segmentAvailability);
    gst_date_time_unref (cur_time);
    /* subtract the server's clock drift, so that if the server's
       time is behind our idea of UTC, we need to sleep for longer
       before requesting a fragment */
    return diff -
        gst_dash_demux_get_clock_compensation (dashdemux) * GST_USECOND;
  }
  return 0;
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_has_next_period (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);

  if (demux->segment.rate >= 0)
    return gst_mpd_client_has_next_period (dashdemux->client);
  else
    return gst_mpd_client_has_previous_period (dashdemux->client);
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_advance_period (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);

  g_return_if_fail (gst_mpd_client_has_next_period (dashdemux->client));

  if (demux->segment.rate >= 0) {
    if (!gst_mpd_client_set_period_index (dashdemux->client,
            gst_mpd_client_get_period_index (dashdemux->client) + 1)) {
      /* TODO error */
      return;
    }
  } else {
    if (!gst_mpd_client_set_period_index (dashdemux->client,
            gst_mpd_client_get_period_index (dashdemux->client) - 1)) {
      /* TODO error */
      return;
    }
  }

  gst_dash_demux_setup_all_streams (dashdemux);
  gst_mpd_client_seek_to_first_segment (dashdemux->client);
}

static GstBuffer *
_gst_buffer_split (GstBuffer * buffer, gint offset, gsize size)
{
  GstBuffer *newbuf = gst_buffer_copy_region (buffer,
      GST_BUFFER_COPY_FLAGS | GST_BUFFER_COPY_TIMESTAMPS | GST_BUFFER_COPY_META
      | GST_BUFFER_COPY_MEMORY, offset, size == -1 ? size : size - offset);

  gst_buffer_resize (buffer, 0, offset);

  return newbuf;
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_stream_fragment_start (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux,
    GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;

  dashstream->sidx_index_header_or_data = 0;
  dashstream->sidx_current_offset = -1;

  return TRUE;
}

static GstFlowReturn
gst_dash_demux_stream_fragment_finished (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux,
    GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);
  GstDashDemuxStream *dashstream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;

  if (gst_mpd_client_has_isoff_ondemand_profile (dashdemux->client) &&
      dashstream->sidx_parser.status == GST_ISOFF_SIDX_PARSER_FINISHED) {
    /* fragment is advanced on data_received when byte limits are reached */
    if (gst_dash_demux_stream_has_next_fragment (stream))
      return GST_FLOW_OK;
    return GST_FLOW_EOS;
  }

  if (G_UNLIKELY (stream->downloading_header || stream->downloading_index))
    return GST_FLOW_OK;

  return gst_adaptive_demux_stream_advance_fragment (demux, stream,
      stream->fragment.duration);
}

static GstFlowReturn
gst_dash_demux_data_received (GstAdaptiveDemux * demux,
    GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream, GstBuffer * buffer)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dash_stream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;
  GstDashDemux *dashdemux = GST_DASH_DEMUX_CAST (demux);
  GstFlowReturn ret = GST_FLOW_OK;
  guint index_header_or_data;

  if (!gst_mpd_client_has_isoff_ondemand_profile (dashdemux->client))
    return gst_adaptive_demux_stream_push_buffer (stream, buffer);

  if (stream->downloading_index)
    index_header_or_data = 1;
  else if (stream->downloading_header)
    index_header_or_data = 2;
  else
    index_header_or_data = 3;

  if (dash_stream->sidx_index_header_or_data != index_header_or_data) {
    /* Clear pending data */
    if (gst_adapter_available (dash_stream->sidx_adapter) != 0)
      GST_ERROR_OBJECT (stream->pad,
          "Had pending SIDX data after switch between index/header/data");
    gst_adapter_clear (dash_stream->sidx_adapter);
    dash_stream->sidx_index_header_or_data = index_header_or_data;
    dash_stream->sidx_current_offset = -1;
  }

  if (dash_stream->sidx_current_offset == -1)
    dash_stream->sidx_current_offset =
        GST_BUFFER_OFFSET_IS_VALID (buffer) ? GST_BUFFER_OFFSET (buffer) : 0;

  gst_adapter_push (dash_stream->sidx_adapter, buffer);
  buffer = NULL;

  if (stream->downloading_index) {
    GstIsoffParserResult res;
    guint consumed;
    gsize available;

    available = gst_adapter_available (dash_stream->sidx_adapter);
    buffer = gst_adapter_take_buffer (dash_stream->sidx_adapter, available);

    if (dash_stream->sidx_parser.status != GST_ISOFF_SIDX_PARSER_FINISHED) {
      res =
          gst_isoff_sidx_parser_add_buffer (&dash_stream->sidx_parser, buffer,
          &consumed);

      if (res == GST_ISOFF_PARSER_ERROR) {
      } else if (res == GST_ISOFF_PARSER_UNEXPECTED) {
        /* this is not a 'sidx' index, just skip it and continue playback */
      } else {
        /* when finished, prepare for real data streaming */
        if (dash_stream->sidx_parser.status == GST_ISOFF_SIDX_PARSER_FINISHED) {
          if (GST_CLOCK_TIME_IS_VALID (dash_stream->pending_seek_ts)) {
            /* FIXME, preserve seek flags */
            gst_dash_demux_stream_sidx_seek (dash_stream,
                demux->segment.rate >= 0, 0, dash_stream->pending_seek_ts,
                NULL);
            dash_stream->pending_seek_ts = GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE;
          } else {
            SIDX (dash_stream)->entry_index = dash_stream->sidx_index;
          }
        } else if (consumed < available) {
          GstBuffer *pending;
          /* we still need to keep some data around for the next parsing round
           * so just push what was already processed by the parser */
          pending = _gst_buffer_split (buffer, consumed, -1);
          gst_adapter_push (dash_stream->sidx_adapter, pending);
        }
      }
    }
    GST_BUFFER_OFFSET (buffer) = dash_stream->sidx_current_offset;
    GST_BUFFER_OFFSET_END (buffer) =
        GST_BUFFER_OFFSET (buffer) + gst_buffer_get_size (buffer);
    dash_stream->sidx_current_offset = GST_BUFFER_OFFSET_END (buffer);
    ret = gst_adaptive_demux_stream_push_buffer (stream, buffer);
  } else if (dash_stream->sidx_parser.status == GST_ISOFF_SIDX_PARSER_FINISHED) {
    gsize available;

    while (ret == GST_FLOW_OK
        && ((available =
                gst_adapter_available (dash_stream->sidx_adapter)) > 0)) {
      gboolean advance = FALSE;
      guint64 sidx_end_offset =
          dash_stream->sidx_base_offset +
          SIDX_CURRENT_ENTRY (dash_stream)->offset +
          SIDX_CURRENT_ENTRY (dash_stream)->size;

      if (dash_stream->sidx_current_offset + available < sidx_end_offset) {
        buffer = gst_adapter_take_buffer (dash_stream->sidx_adapter, available);
      } else {
        buffer =
            gst_adapter_take_buffer (dash_stream->sidx_adapter,
            sidx_end_offset - dash_stream->sidx_current_offset);
        advance = TRUE;
      }
      GST_BUFFER_OFFSET (buffer) = dash_stream->sidx_current_offset;
      GST_BUFFER_OFFSET_END (buffer) =
          GST_BUFFER_OFFSET (buffer) + gst_buffer_get_size (buffer);
      dash_stream->sidx_current_offset = GST_BUFFER_OFFSET_END (buffer);
      ret = gst_adaptive_demux_stream_push_buffer (stream, buffer);
      if (advance) {
        GstFlowReturn new_ret;
        new_ret =
            gst_adaptive_demux_stream_advance_fragment (demux, stream,
            SIDX_CURRENT_ENTRY (dash_stream)->duration);

        /* only overwrite if it was OK before */
        if (ret == GST_FLOW_OK)
          ret = new_ret;
      }
    }
  } else {
    /* this should be the main header, just push it all */
    buffer = gst_adapter_take_buffer (dash_stream->sidx_adapter,
        gst_adapter_available (dash_stream->sidx_adapter));

    GST_BUFFER_OFFSET (buffer) = dash_stream->sidx_current_offset;
    GST_BUFFER_OFFSET_END (buffer) =
        GST_BUFFER_OFFSET (buffer) + gst_buffer_get_size (buffer);
    dash_stream->sidx_current_offset = GST_BUFFER_OFFSET_END (buffer);

    ret = gst_adaptive_demux_stream_push_buffer (stream, buffer);
  }

  return ret;
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_stream_free (GstAdaptiveDemuxStream * stream)
{
  GstDashDemuxStream *dash_stream = (GstDashDemuxStream *) stream;

  gst_isoff_sidx_parser_clear (&dash_stream->sidx_parser);
  if (dash_stream->sidx_adapter)
    g_object_unref (dash_stream->sidx_adapter);
}

static GstDashDemuxClockDrift *
gst_dash_demux_clock_drift_new (GstDashDemux * demux)
{
  GstDashDemuxClockDrift *clock_drift;

  clock_drift = g_slice_new0 (GstDashDemuxClockDrift);
  g_mutex_init (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
  clock_drift->next_update =
      GST_TIME_AS_USECONDS (gst_adaptive_demux_get_monotonic_time
      (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (demux)));
  return clock_drift;
}

static void
gst_dash_demux_clock_drift_free (GstDashDemuxClockDrift * clock_drift)
{
  if (clock_drift) {
    g_mutex_lock (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
    if (clock_drift->ntp_clock)
      g_object_unref (clock_drift->ntp_clock);
    g_mutex_unlock (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
    g_mutex_clear (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
    g_slice_free (GstDashDemuxClockDrift, clock_drift);
  }
}

/*
 * The value attribute of the UTCTiming element contains a white-space
 * separated list of servers that are recommended to be used in
 * combination with the NTP protocol as defined in IETF RFC 5905 for
 * getting the appropriate time.
 *
 * The DASH standard does not specify which version of NTP. This
 * function only works with NTPv4 servers.
*/
static GstDateTime *
gst_dash_demux_poll_ntp_server (GstDashDemuxClockDrift * clock_drift,
    gchar ** urls)
{
  GstClockTime ntp_clock_time;
  GDateTime *dt, *dt2;

  if (!clock_drift->ntp_clock) {
    GResolver *resolver;
    GList *inet_addrs;
    GError *err;
    gchar *ip_addr;

    resolver = g_resolver_get_default ();
    /* We don't round-robin NTP servers. If the manifest specifies multiple
       NTP time servers, select one at random */
    clock_drift->selected_url = g_random_int_range (0, g_strv_length (urls));
    GST_DEBUG ("Connecting to NTP time server %s",
        urls[clock_drift->selected_url]);
    inet_addrs = g_resolver_lookup_by_name (resolver,
        urls[clock_drift->selected_url], NULL, &err);
    g_object_unref (resolver);
    if (!inet_addrs || g_list_length (inet_addrs) == 0) {
      GST_ERROR ("Failed to resolve hostname of NTP server: %s",
          err ? (err->message) : "unknown error");
      if (inet_addrs)
        g_resolver_free_addresses (inet_addrs);
      if (err)
        g_error_free (err);
      return NULL;
    }
    ip_addr =
        g_inet_address_to_string ((GInetAddress
            *) (g_list_first (inet_addrs)->data));
    clock_drift->ntp_clock = gst_ntp_clock_new ("dashntp", ip_addr, 123, 0);
    g_free (ip_addr);
    g_resolver_free_addresses (inet_addrs);
    if (!clock_drift->ntp_clock) {
      GST_ERROR ("Failed to create NTP clock");
      return NULL;
    }
    if (!gst_clock_wait_for_sync (clock_drift->ntp_clock, 5 * GST_SECOND)) {
      g_object_unref (clock_drift->ntp_clock);
      clock_drift->ntp_clock = NULL;
      GST_ERROR ("Failed to lock to NTP clock");
      return NULL;
    }
  }
  ntp_clock_time = gst_clock_get_time (clock_drift->ntp_clock);
  if (ntp_clock_time == GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE) {
    GST_ERROR ("Failed to get time from NTP clock");
    return NULL;
  }
  ntp_clock_time -= NTP_TO_UNIX_EPOCH * GST_SECOND;
  dt = g_date_time_new_from_unix_utc (ntp_clock_time / GST_SECOND);
  if (!dt) {
    GST_ERROR ("Failed to create GstDateTime");
    return NULL;
  }
  ntp_clock_time =
      gst_util_uint64_scale (ntp_clock_time % GST_SECOND, 1000000, GST_SECOND);
  dt2 = g_date_time_add (dt, ntp_clock_time);
  g_date_time_unref (dt);
  return gst_date_time_new_from_g_date_time (dt2);
}

struct Rfc5322TimeZone
{
  const gchar *name;
  gfloat tzoffset;
};

/*
 Parse an RFC5322 (section 3.3) date-time from the Date: field in the
 HTTP response. 
 See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322#section-3.3
*/
static GstDateTime *
gst_dash_demux_parse_http_head (GstDashDemuxClockDrift * clock_drift,
    GstFragment * download)
{
  static const gchar *months[] = { NULL, "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr",
    "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug",
    "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec", NULL
  };
  static const struct Rfc5322TimeZone timezones[] = {
    {"Z", 0},
    {"UT", 0},
    {"GMT", 0},
    {"BST", 1},
    {"EST", -5},
    {"EDT", -4},
    {"CST", -6},
    {"CDT", -5},
    {"MST", -7},
    {"MDT", -6},
    {"PST", -8},
    {"PDT", -7},
    {NULL, 0}
  };
  GstDateTime *value = NULL;
  const GstStructure *response_headers;
  const gchar *http_date;
  const GValue *val;
  gint ret;
  const gchar *pos;
  gint year = -1, month = -1, day = -1, hour = -1, minute = -1, second = -1;
  gchar zone[6];
  gchar monthstr[4];
  gfloat tzoffset = 0;
  gboolean parsed_tz = FALSE;

  g_return_val_if_fail (download != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (download->headers != NULL, NULL);

  val = gst_structure_get_value (download->headers, "response-headers");
  if (!val) {
    return NULL;
  }
  response_headers = gst_value_get_structure (val);
  http_date = gst_structure_get_string (response_headers, "Date");
  if (!http_date) {
    return NULL;
  }

  /* skip optional text version of day of the week */
  pos = strchr (http_date, ',');
  if (pos)
    pos++;
  else
    pos = http_date;
  ret =
      sscanf (pos, "%02d %3s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d %5s", &day, monthstr, &year,
      &hour, &minute, &second, zone);
  if (ret == 7) {
    gchar *z = zone;
    for (int i = 1; months[i]; ++i) {
      if (g_ascii_strncasecmp (months[i], monthstr, strlen (months[i])) == 0) {
        month = i;
        break;
      }
    }
    for (int i = 0; timezones[i].name && !parsed_tz; ++i) {
      if (g_ascii_strncasecmp (timezones[i].name, z,
              strlen (timezones[i].name)) == 0) {
        tzoffset = timezones[i].tzoffset;
        parsed_tz = TRUE;
      }
    }
    if (!parsed_tz) {
      gint hh, mm;
      gboolean neg = FALSE;
      /* check if it is in the form +-HHMM */
      if (*z == '+' || *z == '-') {
        if (*z == '+')
          ++z;
        else if (*z == '-') {
          ++z;
          neg = TRUE;
        }
        ret = sscanf (z, "%02d%02d", &hh, &mm);
        if (ret == 2) {
          tzoffset = hh;
          tzoffset += mm / 60.0;
          if (neg)
            tzoffset = -tzoffset;
          parsed_tz = TRUE;
        }
      }
    }
    /* Accept year in both 2 digit or 4 digit format */
    if (year < 100)
      year += 2000;
  }
  if (month > 0 && parsed_tz) {
    value = gst_date_time_new (tzoffset,
        year, month, day, hour, minute, second);
  }
  return value;
}

/*
   The timing information is contained in the message body of the HTTP
   response and contains a time value formatted according to NTP timestamp
   format in IETF RFC 5905.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Seconds                            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Fraction                           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                             NTP Timestamp Format
*/
static GstDateTime *
gst_dash_demux_parse_http_ntp (GstDashDemuxClockDrift * clock_drift,
    GstBuffer * buffer)
{
  gint64 seconds;
  guint64 fraction;
  GDateTime *dt, *dt2;
  GstMapInfo mapinfo;

  /* See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5905#page-12 for details of
     the NTP Timestamp Format */
  gst_buffer_map (buffer, &mapinfo, GST_MAP_READ);
  if (mapinfo.size != 8) {
    gst_buffer_unmap (buffer, &mapinfo);
    return NULL;
  }
  seconds = GST_READ_UINT32_BE (mapinfo.data);
  fraction = GST_READ_UINT32_BE (mapinfo.data + 4);
  gst_buffer_unmap (buffer, &mapinfo);
  fraction = gst_util_uint64_scale (fraction, 1000000,
      G_GUINT64_CONSTANT (1) << 32);
  /* subtract constant to convert from 1900 based time to 1970 based time */
  seconds -= NTP_TO_UNIX_EPOCH;
  dt = g_date_time_new_from_unix_utc (seconds);
  dt2 = g_date_time_add (dt, fraction);
  g_date_time_unref (dt);
  return gst_date_time_new_from_g_date_time (dt2);
}

/*
  The timing information is contained in the message body of the
  HTTP response and contains a time value formatted according to
  xs:dateTime as defined in W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes specification.
*/
static GstDateTime *
gst_dash_demux_parse_http_xsdate (GstDashDemuxClockDrift * clock_drift,
    GstBuffer * buffer)
{
  GstDateTime *value = NULL;
  GstMapInfo mapinfo;

  /* the string from the server might not be zero terminated */
  if (gst_buffer_map (buffer, &mapinfo, GST_MAP_READ)) {
    gchar *str;
    str = g_strndup ((const gchar *) mapinfo.data, mapinfo.size);
    gst_buffer_unmap (buffer, &mapinfo);
    value = gst_date_time_new_from_iso8601_string (str);
    g_free (str);
  }
  return value;
}

static gboolean
gst_dash_demux_poll_clock_drift (GstDashDemux * demux)
{
  GstDashDemuxClockDrift *clock_drift;
  GDateTime *start = NULL, *end;
  GstBuffer *buffer = NULL;
  GstDateTime *value = NULL;
  gboolean ret = FALSE;
  gint64 now;
  GstMPDUTCTimingType method;
  gchar **urls;

  g_return_val_if_fail (demux != NULL, FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (demux->clock_drift != NULL, FALSE);
  clock_drift = demux->clock_drift;
  now =
      GST_TIME_AS_USECONDS (gst_adaptive_demux_get_monotonic_time
      (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (demux)));
  if (now < clock_drift->next_update) {
    /*TODO: If a fragment fails to download in adaptivedemux, it waits
       for a manifest reload before another attempt to fetch a fragment.
       Section 10.8.6 of the DVB-DASH standard states that the DASH client
       shall refresh the manifest and resynchronise to one of the time sources.

       Currently the fact that the manifest refresh follows a download failure
       does not make it into dashdemux. */
    return TRUE;
  }
  urls = gst_mpd_client_get_utc_timing_sources (demux->client,
      SUPPORTED_CLOCK_FORMATS, &method);
  if (!urls) {
    return FALSE;
  }
  /* Update selected_url just in case the number of URLs in the UTCTiming
     element has shrunk since the last poll */
  clock_drift->selected_url = clock_drift->selected_url % g_strv_length (urls);
  g_mutex_lock (&clock_drift->clock_lock);

  if (method == GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_NTP) {
    value = gst_dash_demux_poll_ntp_server (clock_drift, urls);
    if (!value) {
      GST_ERROR_OBJECT (demux, "Failed to fetch time from NTP server %s",
          urls[clock_drift->selected_url]);
      g_mutex_unlock (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
      goto quit;
    }
  }
  start =
      gst_adaptive_demux_get_client_now_utc (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (demux));
  if (!value) {
    GstFragment *download;
    gint64 range_start = 0, range_end = -1;
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux, "Fetching current time from %s",
        urls[clock_drift->selected_url]);
    if (method == GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_HTTP_HEAD) {
      range_start = -1;
    }
    download =
        gst_uri_downloader_fetch_uri_with_range (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST
        (demux)->downloader, urls[clock_drift->selected_url], NULL, TRUE, TRUE,
        TRUE, range_start, range_end, NULL);
    if (download) {
      if (method == GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_HTTP_HEAD && download->headers) {
        value = gst_dash_demux_parse_http_head (clock_drift, download);
      } else {
        buffer = gst_fragment_get_buffer (download);
      }
      g_object_unref (download);
    }
  }
  g_mutex_unlock (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
  if (!value && !buffer) {
    GST_ERROR_OBJECT (demux, "Failed to fetch time from %s",
        urls[clock_drift->selected_url]);
    goto quit;
  }
  end = gst_adaptive_demux_get_client_now_utc (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (demux));
  if (!value && method == GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_HTTP_NTP) {
    value = gst_dash_demux_parse_http_ntp (clock_drift, buffer);
  } else if (!value) {
    /* GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_HTTP_XSDATE or GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_HTTP_ISO */
    value = gst_dash_demux_parse_http_xsdate (clock_drift, buffer);
  }
  if (buffer)
    gst_buffer_unref (buffer);
  if (value) {
    GTimeSpan download_duration = g_date_time_difference (end, start);
    GDateTime *client_now, *server_now;
    /* We don't know when the server sampled its clock, but we know
       it must have been before "end" and probably after "start".
       A reasonable estimate is to use (start+end)/2
     */
    client_now = g_date_time_add (start, download_duration / 2);
    server_now = gst_date_time_to_g_date_time (value);
    /* If gst_date_time_new_from_iso8601_string is given an unsupported
       ISO 8601 format, it can return a GstDateTime that is not valid,
       which causes gst_date_time_to_g_date_time to return NULL */
    if (server_now) {
      g_mutex_lock (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
      clock_drift->clock_compensation =
          g_date_time_difference (server_now, client_now);
      g_mutex_unlock (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
      GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (demux,
          "Difference between client and server clocks is %lfs",
          ((double) clock_drift->clock_compensation) / 1000000.0);
      g_date_time_unref (server_now);
      ret = TRUE;
    } else {
      GST_ERROR_OBJECT (demux, "Failed to parse DateTime from server");
    }
    g_date_time_unref (client_now);
    gst_date_time_unref (value);
  } else {
    GST_ERROR_OBJECT (demux, "Failed to parse DateTime from server");
  }
  g_date_time_unref (end);
quit:
  if (start)
    g_date_time_unref (start);
  /* if multiple URLs were specified, use a simple round-robin to
     poll each server */
  g_mutex_lock (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
  if (method == GST_MPD_UTCTIMING_TYPE_NTP) {
    clock_drift->next_update = now + FAST_CLOCK_UPDATE_INTERVAL;
  } else {
    clock_drift->selected_url =
        (1 + clock_drift->selected_url) % g_strv_length (urls);
    if (ret) {
      clock_drift->next_update = now + SLOW_CLOCK_UPDATE_INTERVAL;
    } else {
      clock_drift->next_update = now + FAST_CLOCK_UPDATE_INTERVAL;
    }
  }
  g_mutex_unlock (&clock_drift->clock_lock);
  return ret;
}

static GTimeSpan
gst_dash_demux_get_clock_compensation (GstDashDemux * demux)
{
  GTimeSpan rv = 0;
  if (demux->clock_drift) {
    g_mutex_lock (&demux->clock_drift->clock_lock);
    rv = demux->clock_drift->clock_compensation;
    g_mutex_unlock (&demux->clock_drift->clock_lock);
  }
  GST_LOG_OBJECT (demux, "Clock drift %" GST_STIME_FORMAT, GST_STIME_ARGS (rv));
  return rv;
}

static GDateTime *
gst_dash_demux_get_server_now_utc (GstDashDemux * demux)
{
  GDateTime *client_now;
  GDateTime *server_now;

  client_now =
      gst_adaptive_demux_get_client_now_utc (GST_ADAPTIVE_DEMUX_CAST (demux));
  server_now =
      g_date_time_add (client_now,
      gst_dash_demux_get_clock_compensation (demux));
  g_date_time_unref (client_now);
  return server_now;
}