gstreamer/gst/gstelement.c

/* GStreamer
 * Copyright (C) 1999,2000 Erik Walthinsen <omega@cse.ogi.edu>
 *                    2000 Wim Taymans <wtay@chello.be>
 *
 * gstelement.c: The base element, all elements derive from this
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Library General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
 * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 */

#include <glib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <gobject/gvaluecollector.h>
#include "gst_private.h"

#include "gstelement.h"
#include "gstbin.h"
#include "gstmarshal.h"
#include "gsterror.h"
#include "gstscheduler.h"
#include "gstevent.h"
#include "gstutils.h"
#include "gstinfo.h"
#include "gst-i18n-lib.h"

/* Element signals and args */
enum
{
  STATE_CHANGE,
  NEW_PAD,
  PAD_REMOVED,
  ERROR,
  EOS,
  FOUND_TAG,
  /* add more above */
  LAST_SIGNAL
};

enum
{
  ARG_0
      /* FILL ME */
};

extern void __gst_element_details_clear (GstElementDetails * dp);
extern void __gst_element_details_copy (GstElementDetails * dest,
    const GstElementDetails * src);

static void gst_element_class_init (GstElementClass * klass);
static void gst_element_init (GstElement * element);
static void gst_element_base_class_init (gpointer g_class);
static void gst_element_base_class_finalize (gpointer g_class);

static void gst_element_real_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec);
static void gst_element_real_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec);

static void gst_element_dispose (GObject * object);

static GstElementStateReturn gst_element_change_state (GstElement * element);
static void gst_element_error_func (GstElement * element, GstElement * source,
    GError * error, gchar * debug);
static void gst_element_found_tag_func (GstElement * element,
    GstElement * source, const GstTagList * tag_list);

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_LOADSAVE
static xmlNodePtr gst_element_save_thyself (GstObject * object,
    xmlNodePtr parent);
static void gst_element_restore_thyself (GstObject * parent, xmlNodePtr self);
#endif

GType _gst_element_type = 0;

static GstObjectClass *parent_class = NULL;
static guint gst_element_signals[LAST_SIGNAL] = { 0 };

GType
gst_element_get_type (void)
{
  if (!_gst_element_type) {
    static const GTypeInfo element_info = {
      sizeof (GstElementClass),
      gst_element_base_class_init,
      gst_element_base_class_finalize,
      (GClassInitFunc) gst_element_class_init,
      NULL,
      NULL,
      sizeof (GstElement),
      0,
      (GInstanceInitFunc) gst_element_init,
      NULL
    };

    _gst_element_type = g_type_register_static (GST_TYPE_OBJECT, "GstElement",
        &element_info, G_TYPE_FLAG_ABSTRACT);
  }
  return _gst_element_type;
}

static void
gst_element_class_init (GstElementClass * klass)
{
  GObjectClass *gobject_class;
  GstObjectClass *gstobject_class;

  gobject_class = (GObjectClass *) klass;
  gstobject_class = (GstObjectClass *) klass;

  parent_class = g_type_class_ref (GST_TYPE_OBJECT);

  gst_element_signals[STATE_CHANGE] =
      g_signal_new ("state-change", G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (klass),
      G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST, G_STRUCT_OFFSET (GstElementClass, state_change), NULL,
      NULL, gst_marshal_VOID__INT_INT, G_TYPE_NONE, 2, G_TYPE_INT, G_TYPE_INT);
  gst_element_signals[NEW_PAD] =
      g_signal_new ("new-pad", G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (klass), G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST,
      G_STRUCT_OFFSET (GstElementClass, new_pad), NULL, NULL,
      gst_marshal_VOID__OBJECT, G_TYPE_NONE, 1, G_TYPE_OBJECT);
  gst_element_signals[PAD_REMOVED] =
      g_signal_new ("pad-removed", G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (klass), G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST,
      G_STRUCT_OFFSET (GstElementClass, pad_removed), NULL, NULL,
      gst_marshal_VOID__OBJECT, G_TYPE_NONE, 1, G_TYPE_OBJECT);
  gst_element_signals[ERROR] =
      g_signal_new ("error", G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (klass), G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST,
      G_STRUCT_OFFSET (GstElementClass, error), NULL, NULL,
      gst_marshal_VOID__OBJECT_OBJECT_STRING, G_TYPE_NONE, 3, GST_TYPE_ELEMENT,
      GST_TYPE_G_ERROR, G_TYPE_STRING);
  gst_element_signals[EOS] =
      g_signal_new ("eos", G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (klass), G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST,
      G_STRUCT_OFFSET (GstElementClass, eos), NULL, NULL,
      gst_marshal_VOID__VOID, G_TYPE_NONE, 0);
  gst_element_signals[FOUND_TAG] =
      g_signal_new ("found-tag", G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (klass), G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST,
      G_STRUCT_OFFSET (GstElementClass, found_tag), NULL, NULL,
      gst_marshal_VOID__OBJECT_BOXED, G_TYPE_NONE, 2, GST_TYPE_ELEMENT,
      GST_TYPE_TAG_LIST);

  gobject_class->set_property =
      GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_real_set_property);
  gobject_class->get_property =
      GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_real_get_property);

  gobject_class->dispose = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_dispose);

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_LOADSAVE
  gstobject_class->save_thyself = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_save_thyself);
  gstobject_class->restore_thyself =
      GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_restore_thyself);
#endif

  klass->change_state = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_change_state);
  klass->error = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_error_func);
  klass->found_tag = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_found_tag_func);
  klass->numpadtemplates = 0;

  klass->elementfactory = NULL;
}

static void
gst_element_base_class_init (gpointer g_class)
{
  GObjectClass *gobject_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (g_class);
  GstElementClass *element_class = GST_ELEMENT_CLASS (g_class);


  gobject_class->set_property =
      GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_real_set_property);
  gobject_class->get_property =
      GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_real_get_property);

  memset (&element_class->details, 0, sizeof (GstElementDetails));
  element_class->padtemplates = NULL;
}

static void
gst_element_base_class_finalize (gpointer g_class)
{
  GstElementClass *klass = GST_ELEMENT_CLASS (g_class);

  g_list_foreach (klass->padtemplates, (GFunc) gst_object_unref, NULL);
  g_list_free (klass->padtemplates);
  __gst_element_details_clear (&klass->details);
}

static void
gst_element_init (GstElement * element)
{
  element->current_state = GST_STATE_NULL;
  element->pending_state = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;
  element->numpads = 0;
  element->numsrcpads = 0;
  element->numsinkpads = 0;
  element->pads = NULL;
  element->loopfunc = NULL;
  element->sched = NULL;
  element->clock = NULL;
  element->sched_private = NULL;
  element->state_mutex = g_mutex_new ();
  element->state_cond = g_cond_new ();
}

static void
gst_element_real_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (object);

  if (oclass->set_property)
    (oclass->set_property) (object, prop_id, value, pspec);
}

static void
gst_element_real_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id, GValue * value,
    GParamSpec * pspec)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (object);

  if (oclass->get_property)
    (oclass->get_property) (object, prop_id, value, pspec);
}

/** 
 * gst_element_default_error:
 * @object: a #GObject that signalled the error.
 * @orig: the #GstObject that initiated the error.
 * @error: the GError.
 * @debug: an additional debug information string, or NULL.
 *
 * A default error signal callback to attach to an element.
 * The user data passed to the g_signal_connect is ignored.
 *
 * The default handler will simply print the error string using g_print.
 */
void
gst_element_default_error (GObject * object, GstObject * source, GError * error,
    gchar * debug)
{
  gchar *name = gst_object_get_path_string (source);

  g_print (_("ERROR: from element %s: %s\n"), name, error->message);
  if (debug)
    g_print (_("Additional debug info:\n%s\n"), debug);

  g_free (name);
}

typedef struct
{
  const GParamSpec *pspec;
  GValue value;
}
prop_value_t;

static void
element_set_property (GstElement * element, const GParamSpec * pspec,
    const GValue * value)
{
  prop_value_t *prop_value = g_new0 (prop_value_t, 1);

  prop_value->pspec = pspec;
  prop_value->value = *value;

  g_async_queue_push (element->prop_value_queue, prop_value);
}

static void
element_get_property (GstElement * element, const GParamSpec * pspec,
    GValue * value)
{
  g_mutex_lock (element->property_mutex);
  g_object_get_property ((GObject *) element, pspec->name, value);
  g_mutex_unlock (element->property_mutex);
}

static void
gst_element_threadsafe_properties_pre_run (GstElement * element)
{
  GST_DEBUG ("locking element %s", GST_OBJECT_NAME (element));
  g_mutex_lock (element->property_mutex);
  gst_element_set_pending_properties (element);
}

static void
gst_element_threadsafe_properties_post_run (GstElement * element)
{
  GST_DEBUG ("unlocking element %s", GST_OBJECT_NAME (element));
  g_mutex_unlock (element->property_mutex);
}

/**
 * gst_element_enable_threadsafe_properties:
 * @element: a #GstElement to enable threadsafe properties on.
 *
 * Installs an asynchronous queue, a mutex and pre- and post-run functions on
 * this element so that properties on the element can be set in a 
 * threadsafe way.
 */
void
gst_element_enable_threadsafe_properties (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  GST_FLAG_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_USE_THREADSAFE_PROPERTIES);
  element->pre_run_func = gst_element_threadsafe_properties_pre_run;
  element->post_run_func = gst_element_threadsafe_properties_post_run;
  if (!element->prop_value_queue)
    element->prop_value_queue = g_async_queue_new ();
  if (!element->property_mutex)
    element->property_mutex = g_mutex_new ();
}

/**
 * gst_element_disable_threadsafe_properties:
 * @element: a #GstElement to disable threadsafe properties on.
 *
 * Removes the threadsafe properties, post- and pre-run locks from
 * this element.
 */
void
gst_element_disable_threadsafe_properties (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  GST_FLAG_UNSET (element, GST_ELEMENT_USE_THREADSAFE_PROPERTIES);
  element->pre_run_func = NULL;
  element->post_run_func = NULL;
  /* let's keep around that async queue */
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_pending_properties:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set the pending properties on.
 *
 * Sets all pending properties on the threadsafe properties enabled
 * element.
 */
void
gst_element_set_pending_properties (GstElement * element)
{
  prop_value_t *prop_value;

  while ((prop_value = g_async_queue_try_pop (element->prop_value_queue))) {
    g_object_set_property ((GObject *) element, prop_value->pspec->name,
        &prop_value->value);
    g_value_unset (&prop_value->value);
    g_free (prop_value);
  }
}

/* following 6 functions taken mostly from gobject.c */

/**
 * gst_element_set:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set properties on.
 * @first_property_name: the first property to set.
 * @...: value of the first property, and more properties to set, ending
 *       with NULL.
 *
 * Sets properties on an element. If the element uses threadsafe properties,
 * they will be queued and set on the object when it is scheduled again.
 */
void
gst_element_set (GstElement * element, const gchar * first_property_name, ...)
{
  va_list var_args;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  va_start (var_args, first_property_name);
  gst_element_set_valist (element, first_property_name, var_args);
  va_end (var_args);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get properties of.
 * @first_property_name: the first property to get.
 * @...: pointer to a variable to store the first property in, as well as 
 * more properties to get, ending with NULL.
 *
 * Gets properties from an element. If the element uses threadsafe properties,
 * the element will be locked before getting the given properties.
 */
void
gst_element_get (GstElement * element, const gchar * first_property_name, ...)
{
  va_list var_args;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  va_start (var_args, first_property_name);
  gst_element_get_valist (element, first_property_name, var_args);
  va_end (var_args);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_valist:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set properties on.
 * @first_property_name: the first property to set.
 * @var_args: the var_args list of other properties to get.
 *
 * Sets properties on an element. If the element uses threadsafe properties,
 * the property change will be put on the async queue.
 */
void
gst_element_set_valist (GstElement * element, const gchar * first_property_name,
    va_list var_args)
{
  const gchar *name;
  GObject *object;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  object = (GObject *) element;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_PROPERTIES,
      "setting valist of properties starting with %s on element %s",
      first_property_name, gst_element_get_name (element));

  if (!GST_FLAG_IS_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_USE_THREADSAFE_PROPERTIES)) {
    g_object_set_valist (object, first_property_name, var_args);
    return;
  }

  g_object_ref (object);

  name = first_property_name;

  while (name) {
    GValue value = { 0, };
    GParamSpec *pspec;
    gchar *error = NULL;

    pspec = g_object_class_find_property (G_OBJECT_GET_CLASS (object), name);

    if (!pspec) {
      g_warning ("%s: object class `%s' has no property named `%s'",
          G_STRLOC, G_OBJECT_TYPE_NAME (object), name);
      break;
    }
    if (!(pspec->flags & G_PARAM_WRITABLE)) {
      g_warning ("%s: property `%s' of object class `%s' is not writable",
          G_STRLOC, pspec->name, G_OBJECT_TYPE_NAME (object));
      break;
    }

    g_value_init (&value, G_PARAM_SPEC_VALUE_TYPE (pspec));

    G_VALUE_COLLECT (&value, var_args, 0, &error);
    if (error) {
      g_warning ("%s: %s", G_STRLOC, error);
      g_free (error);

      /* we purposely leak the value here, it might not be
       * in a sane state if an error condition occoured
       */
      break;
    }

    element_set_property (element, pspec, &value);
    g_value_unset (&value);

    name = va_arg (var_args, gchar *);
  }

  g_object_unref (object);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_valist:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get properties of.
 * @first_property_name: the first property to get.
 * @var_args: the var_args list of other properties to get.
 *
 * Gets properties from an element. If the element uses threadsafe properties,
 * the element will be locked before getting the given properties.
 */
void
gst_element_get_valist (GstElement * element, const gchar * first_property_name,
    va_list var_args)
{
  const gchar *name;
  GObject *object;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  object = (GObject *) element;

  if (!GST_FLAG_IS_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_USE_THREADSAFE_PROPERTIES)) {
    g_object_get_valist (object, first_property_name, var_args);
    return;
  }

  g_object_ref (object);

  name = first_property_name;

  while (name) {
    GValue value = { 0, };
    GParamSpec *pspec;
    gchar *error;

    pspec = g_object_class_find_property (G_OBJECT_GET_CLASS (object), name);

    if (!pspec) {
      g_warning ("%s: object class `%s' has no property named `%s'",
          G_STRLOC, G_OBJECT_TYPE_NAME (object), name);
      break;
    }
    if (!(pspec->flags & G_PARAM_READABLE)) {
      g_warning ("%s: property `%s' of object class `%s' is not readable",
          G_STRLOC, pspec->name, G_OBJECT_TYPE_NAME (object));
      break;
    }

    g_value_init (&value, G_PARAM_SPEC_VALUE_TYPE (pspec));

    element_get_property (element, pspec, &value);

    G_VALUE_LCOPY (&value, var_args, 0, &error);
    if (error) {
      g_warning ("%s: %s", G_STRLOC, error);
      g_free (error);
      g_value_unset (&value);
      break;
    }

    g_value_unset (&value);

    name = va_arg (var_args, gchar *);
  }

  g_object_unref (object);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_property:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set properties on.
 * @property_name: the first property to get.
 * @value: the #GValue that holds the value to set.
 *
 * Sets a property on an element. If the element uses threadsafe properties,
 * the property will be put on the async queue.
 */
void
gst_element_set_property (GstElement * element, const gchar * property_name,
    const GValue * value)
{
  GParamSpec *pspec;
  GObject *object;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (property_name != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (G_IS_VALUE (value));

  object = (GObject *) element;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_PROPERTIES, "setting property %s on element %s",
      property_name, gst_element_get_name (element));
  if (!GST_FLAG_IS_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_USE_THREADSAFE_PROPERTIES)) {
    g_object_set_property (object, property_name, value);
    return;
  }

  g_object_ref (object);

  pspec = g_object_class_find_property (G_OBJECT_GET_CLASS (object),
      property_name);

  if (!pspec)
    g_warning ("%s: object class `%s' has no property named `%s'",
        G_STRLOC, G_OBJECT_TYPE_NAME (object), property_name);
  else
    element_set_property (element, pspec, value);

  g_object_unref (object);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_property:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get properties of.
 * @property_name: the first property to get.
 * @value: the #GValue to store the property value in.
 *
 * Gets a property from an element. If the element uses threadsafe properties,
 * the element will be locked before getting the given property.
 */
void
gst_element_get_property (GstElement * element, const gchar * property_name,
    GValue * value)
{
  GParamSpec *pspec;
  GObject *object;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (property_name != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (G_IS_VALUE (value));

  object = (GObject *) element;

  if (!GST_FLAG_IS_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_USE_THREADSAFE_PROPERTIES)) {
    g_object_get_property (object, property_name, value);
    return;
  }

  g_object_ref (object);

  pspec =
      g_object_class_find_property (G_OBJECT_GET_CLASS (object), property_name);

  if (!pspec)
    g_warning ("%s: object class `%s' has no property named `%s'",
        G_STRLOC, G_OBJECT_TYPE_NAME (object), property_name);
  else {
    GValue *prop_value, tmp_value = { 0, };

    /* auto-conversion of the callers value type
     */
    if (G_VALUE_TYPE (value) == G_PARAM_SPEC_VALUE_TYPE (pspec)) {
      g_value_reset (value);
      prop_value = value;
    } else if (!g_value_type_transformable (G_PARAM_SPEC_VALUE_TYPE (pspec),
            G_VALUE_TYPE (value))) {
      g_warning
          ("can't retrieve property `%s' of type `%s' as value of type `%s'",
          pspec->name, g_type_name (G_PARAM_SPEC_VALUE_TYPE (pspec)),
          G_VALUE_TYPE_NAME (value));
      g_object_unref (object);
      return;
    } else {
      g_value_init (&tmp_value, G_PARAM_SPEC_VALUE_TYPE (pspec));
      prop_value = &tmp_value;
    }
    element_get_property (element, pspec, prop_value);
    if (prop_value != value) {
      g_value_transform (prop_value, value);
      g_value_unset (&tmp_value);
    }
  }

  g_object_unref (object);
}

static GstPad *
gst_element_request_pad (GstElement * element, GstPadTemplate * templ,
    const gchar * name)
{
  GstPad *newpad = NULL;
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->request_new_pad)
    newpad = (oclass->request_new_pad) (element, templ, name);

  return newpad;
}

/**
 * gst_element_release_request_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to release the request pad of.
 * @pad: the #GstPad to release.
 *
 * Makes the element free the previously requested pad as obtained
 * with gst_element_get_request_pad().
 */
void
gst_element_release_request_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad));

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->release_pad)
    (oclass->release_pad) (element, pad);
}

/**
 * gst_element_requires_clock:
 * @element: a #GstElement to query
 *
 * Query if the element requiresd a clock
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the element requires a clock
 */
gboolean
gst_element_requires_clock (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  return (GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element)->set_clock != NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_element_provides_clock:
 * @element: a #GstElement to query
 *
 * Query if the element provides a clock
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the element provides a clock
 */
gboolean
gst_element_provides_clock (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  return (GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element)->get_clock != NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_clock:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set the clock for.
 * @clock: the #GstClock to set for the element.
 *
 * Sets the clock for the element.
 */
void
gst_element_set_clock (GstElement * element, GstClock * clock)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->set_clock)
    oclass->set_clock (element, clock);

  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) & element->clock, (GstObject *) clock);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_clock:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the clock of.
 *
 * Gets the clock of the element.
 *
 * Returns: the #GstClock of the element.
 */
GstClock *
gst_element_get_clock (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->get_clock)
    return oclass->get_clock (element);

  return NULL;
}

/**
 * gst_element_clock_wait:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 * @id: the #GstClock to use.
 * @jitter: the difference between requested time and actual time.
 *
 * Waits for a specific time on the clock.
 *
 * Returns: the #GstClockReturn result of the wait operation.
 */
GstClockReturn
gst_element_clock_wait (GstElement * element, GstClockID id,
    GstClockTimeDiff * jitter)
{
  GstClockReturn res;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_CLOCK_ERROR);

  if (GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element)) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_CLOCK, "waiting on scheduler clock");
    res =
        gst_scheduler_clock_wait (GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element), element, id,
        jitter);
  } else {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_CLOCK, "no scheduler, returning GST_CLOCK_TIMEOUT");
    res = GST_CLOCK_TIMEOUT;
  }

  return res;
}

#undef GST_CAT_DEFAULT
#define GST_CAT_DEFAULT GST_CAT_CLOCK
/**
 * gst_element_get_time:
 * @element: element to query
 *
 * Query the element's time. The element must use 
 * 
 * Returns: the current time of the element or #GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE when there
 *          is no time available.
 */
GstClockTime
gst_element_get_time (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);

  if (element->clock == NULL) {
    GST_WARNING_OBJECT (element, "element queries time but has no clock");
    return GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE;
  }
  switch (element->current_state) {
    case GST_STATE_NULL:
    case GST_STATE_READY:
      return GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE;
    case GST_STATE_PAUSED:
      return element->base_time;
    case GST_STATE_PLAYING:
      return gst_clock_get_time (element->clock) - element->base_time;
    default:
      g_assert_not_reached ();
      return GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_wait:
 * @element: element that should wait
 * @timestamp: wait until this time has arrived
 *
 * Waits until the given time has arrived. When this function returns successfully, 
 * the time specified in the timestamp has passed.
 * <note>This function can only be called on elements in #GST_STATE_PLAYING</note>
 *
 * Returns: TRUE on success
 */
gboolean
gst_element_wait (GstElement * element, GstClockTime timestamp)
{
  GstClockID id;
  GstClockReturn ret;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (element->clock), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (element->current_state == GST_STATE_PLAYING, FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_CLOCK_TIME_IS_VALID (timestamp), FALSE);

  /* shortcut when we're already late... */
  if (gst_element_get_time (element) >= timestamp) {
    GST_INFO_OBJECT (element,
        "called gst_element_wait (% " GST_TIME_FORMAT ") and was late (%"
        GST_TIME_FORMAT, GST_TIME_ARGS (timestamp),
        GST_TIME_ARGS (gst_element_get_time (element)));
    return TRUE;
  }

  id = gst_clock_new_single_shot_id (element->clock,
      element->base_time + timestamp);
  ret = gst_element_clock_wait (element, id, NULL);
  gst_clock_id_free (id);

  return ret == GST_CLOCK_STOPPED;
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_time:
 * @element: element to set time on
 * @time: time to set
 *
 * Sets the current time of the element. This function can be used when handling
 * discont events. You can only call this function on an element with a clock in
 * #GST_STATE_PAUSED or #GST_STATE_PLAYING. You might want to have a look at 
 * gst_element_adjust_time(), if you want to adjust by a difference as that is
 * more accurate.
 */
void
gst_element_set_time (GstElement * element, GstClockTime time)
{
  gst_element_set_time_delay (element, time, 0);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_time_delay:
 * @element: element to set time on
 * @time: time to set
 * @delay: a delay to discount from the given time
 *
 * Sets the current time of the element to time - delay. This function can be
 * used when handling discont events in elements writing to an external buffer,
 * i. e., an audio sink that writes to a sound card that buffers the sound
 * before playing it. The delay should be the current buffering delay.
 *
 * You can only call this function on an element with a clock in
 * #GST_STATE_PAUSED or #GST_STATE_PLAYING. You might want to have a look at
 * gst_element_adjust_time(), if you want to adjust by a difference as that is
 * more accurate.
 */
void
gst_element_set_time_delay (GstElement * element, GstClockTime time,
    GstClockTime delay)
{
  GstClockTime event_time;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (element->clock));
  g_return_if_fail (element->current_state >= GST_STATE_PAUSED);

  switch (element->current_state) {
    case GST_STATE_PAUSED:
      element->base_time = time - delay;
      break;
    case GST_STATE_PLAYING:
      event_time = gst_clock_get_event_time_delay (element->clock, delay);
      GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, element,
          "clock time %" GST_TIME_FORMAT ": setting element time to %"
          GST_TIME_FORMAT, GST_TIME_ARGS (event_time), GST_TIME_ARGS (time));
      element->base_time = event_time - time;
      break;
    default:
      g_assert_not_reached ();
      break;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_adjust_time:
 * @element: element to adjust time on
 * @diff: difference to adjust
 *
 * Adjusts the current time of the element by the specified difference. This 
 * function can be used when handling discont events. You can only call this 
 * function on an element with a clock in #GST_STATE_PAUSED or 
 * #GST_STATE_PLAYING. It is more accurate than gst_element_set_time().
 */
void
gst_element_adjust_time (GstElement * element, GstClockTimeDiff diff)
{
  GstClockTime time;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (element->clock));
  g_return_if_fail (element->current_state >= GST_STATE_PAUSED);

  switch (element->current_state) {
    case GST_STATE_PAUSED:
      if (diff < 0 && element->base_time < abs (diff)) {
        g_warning ("attempted to set the current time of element %s below 0",
            GST_OBJECT_NAME (element));
        element->base_time = 0;
      } else {
        element->base_time += diff;
      }
      break;
    case GST_STATE_PLAYING:
      time = gst_clock_get_time (element->clock);
      if (time < element->base_time - diff) {
        g_warning ("attempted to set the current time of element %s below 0",
            GST_OBJECT_NAME (element));
        element->base_time = time;
      } else {
        element->base_time -= diff;
      }
      break;
    default:
      g_assert_not_reached ();
      break;
  }
}

#undef GST_CAT_DEFAULT

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_INDEX
/**
 * gst_element_is_indexable:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Queries if the element can be indexed.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the element can be indexed.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_is_indexable (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  return (GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element)->set_index != NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_index:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 * @index: a #GstIndex.
 *
 * Set the specified GstIndex on the element.
 */
void
gst_element_set_index (GstElement * element, GstIndex * index)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_INDEX (index));

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->set_index)
    oclass->set_index (element, index);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_index:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Gets the index from the element.
 *
 * Returns: a #GstIndex or NULL when no index was set on the
 * element.
 */
GstIndex *
gst_element_get_index (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->get_index)
    return oclass->get_index (element);

  return NULL;
}
#endif

/**
 * gst_element_release_locks:
 * @element: a #GstElement to release all locks on.
 *
 * Instruct the element to release all the locks it is holding, such as
 * blocking reads, waiting for the clock, ...
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the locks could be released.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_release_locks (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->release_locks)
    return oclass->release_locks (element);

  return TRUE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_add_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to add the pad to.
 * @pad: the #GstPad to add to the element.
 *
 * Adds a pad (link point) to @element. @pad's parent will be set to @element;
 * see gst_object_set_parent() for refcounting information.
 *
 * Pads are automatically activated when the element is in state PLAYING.
 */
void
gst_element_add_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad));

  /* first check to make sure the pad hasn't already been added to another
   * element */
  g_return_if_fail (GST_PAD_PARENT (pad) == NULL);

  /* then check to see if there's already a pad by that name here */
  g_return_if_fail (gst_object_check_uniqueness (element->pads,
          GST_PAD_NAME (pad)) == TRUE);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element, "adding pad '%s'",
      GST_STR_NULL (GST_OBJECT_NAME (pad)));

  /* set the pad's parent */
  gst_object_set_parent (GST_OBJECT (pad), GST_OBJECT (element));

  /* add it to the list */
  element->pads = g_list_append (element->pads, pad);
  element->numpads++;

  switch (gst_pad_get_direction (pad)) {
    case GST_PAD_SRC:
      element->numsrcpads++;
      break;
    case GST_PAD_SINK:
      element->numsinkpads++;
      break;
    default:
      /* can happen for ghost pads */
      break;
  }

  /* activate element when we are playing */
  if (GST_STATE (element) == GST_STATE_PLAYING)
    gst_pad_set_active (pad, TRUE);

  /* emit the NEW_PAD signal */
  g_signal_emit (G_OBJECT (element), gst_element_signals[NEW_PAD], 0, pad);
}

/**
 * gst_element_add_ghost_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to add the ghost pad to.
 * @pad: the #GstPad from which the new ghost pad will be created.
 * @name: the name of the new ghost pad, or NULL to assign a unique name
 * automatically.
 *
 * Creates a ghost pad from @pad, and adds it to @element via
 * gst_element_add_pad().
 * 
 * Returns: the added ghost #GstPad, or NULL on error.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_add_ghost_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad,
    const gchar * name)
{
  GstPad *ghostpad;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad), NULL);

  /* then check to see if there's already a pad by that name here */
  g_return_val_if_fail (gst_object_check_uniqueness (element->pads,
          name) == TRUE, NULL);

  ghostpad = gst_ghost_pad_new (name, pad);

  gst_element_add_pad (element, ghostpad);

  return ghostpad;
}

/**
 * gst_element_remove_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to remove pad from.
 * @pad: the #GstPad to remove from the element.
 *
 * Removes @pad from @element. @pad will be destroyed if it has not been
 * referenced elsewhere.
 */
void
gst_element_remove_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad)
{
  g_return_if_fail (element != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (pad != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad));

  g_return_if_fail (GST_PAD_PARENT (pad) == element);

  if (GST_IS_REAL_PAD (pad)) {
    /* unlink if necessary */
    if (GST_RPAD_PEER (pad) != NULL) {
      gst_pad_unlink (pad, GST_PAD (GST_RPAD_PEER (pad)));
    }
    gst_caps_replace (&GST_RPAD_EXPLICIT_CAPS (pad), NULL);
  } else if (GST_IS_GHOST_PAD (pad)) {
    g_object_set (pad, "real-pad", NULL, NULL);
  }

  /* remove it from the list */
  element->pads = g_list_remove (element->pads, pad);
  element->numpads--;
  switch (gst_pad_get_direction (pad)) {
    case GST_PAD_SRC:
      element->numsrcpads--;
      break;
    case GST_PAD_SINK:
      element->numsinkpads--;
      break;
    default:
      /* can happen for ghost pads */
      break;
  }

  g_signal_emit (G_OBJECT (element), gst_element_signals[PAD_REMOVED], 0, pad);

  gst_object_unparent (GST_OBJECT (pad));
}

/**
 * gst_element_remove_ghost_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to remove the ghost pad from.
 * @pad: ghost #GstPad to remove.
 *
 * Removes a ghost pad from an element. Deprecated, use gst_element_remove_pad()
 * instead.
 */
void
gst_element_remove_ghost_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_GHOST_PAD (pad));

  g_warning ("gst_element_remove_ghost_pad is deprecated.\n"
      "Use gst_element_remove_pad instead.");

  gst_element_remove_pad (element, pad);
}


/**
 * gst_element_get_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 * @name: the name of the pad to retrieve.
 *
 * Retrieves a pad from @element by name. Tries gst_element_get_static_pad()
 * first, then gst_element_get_request_pad().
 *
 * Returns: the #GstPad if found, otherwise %NULL.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_get_pad (GstElement * element, const gchar * name)
{
  GstPad *pad;

  g_return_val_if_fail (element != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, NULL);

  pad = gst_element_get_static_pad (element, name);
  if (!pad)
    pad = gst_element_get_request_pad (element, name);

  return pad;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_static_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to find a static pad of.
 * @name: the name of the static #GstPad to retrieve.
 *
 * Retrieves a pad from @element by name. This version only retrieves
 * already-existing (i.e. 'static') pads.
 *
 * Returns: the requested #GstPad if found, otherwise NULL.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_get_static_pad (GstElement * element, const gchar * name)
{
  GList *walk;

  g_return_val_if_fail (element != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, NULL);

  walk = element->pads;
  while (walk) {
    GstPad *pad;

    pad = GST_PAD (walk->data);
    if (strcmp (GST_PAD_NAME (pad), name) == 0) {
      GST_CAT_INFO (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "found pad %s:%s",
          GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
      return pad;
    }
    walk = g_list_next (walk);
  }

  GST_CAT_INFO (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "no such pad '%s' in element \"%s\"",
      name, GST_OBJECT_NAME (element));
  return NULL;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_request_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to find a request pad of.
 * @name: the name of the request #GstPad to retrieve.
 *
 * Retrieves a pad from the element by name. This version only retrieves
 * request pads.
 *
 * Returns: requested #GstPad if found, otherwise NULL.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_get_request_pad (GstElement * element, const gchar * name)
{
  GstPadTemplate *templ = NULL;
  GstPad *pad;
  const gchar *req_name = NULL;
  gboolean templ_found = FALSE;
  GList *list;
  gint n;
  const gchar *data;
  gchar *str, *endptr = NULL;

  g_return_val_if_fail (element != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, NULL);

  if (strstr (name, "%")) {
    templ = gst_element_get_pad_template (element, name);
    req_name = NULL;
    if (templ)
      templ_found = TRUE;
  } else {
    list = gst_element_get_pad_template_list (element);
    while (!templ_found && list) {
      templ = (GstPadTemplate *) list->data;
      if (templ->presence == GST_PAD_REQUEST) {
        /* Because of sanity checks in gst_pad_template_new(), we know that %s
           and %d, occurring at the end of the name_template, are the only
           possibilities. */
        GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_PADS, "comparing %s to %s", name,
            templ->name_template);
        if ((str = strchr (templ->name_template, '%'))
            && strncmp (templ->name_template, name,
                str - templ->name_template) == 0
            && strlen (name) > str - templ->name_template) {
          data = name + (str - templ->name_template);
          if (*(str + 1) == 'd') {
            /* it's an int */
            n = (gint) strtol (data, &endptr, 10);
            if (endptr && *endptr == '\0') {
              templ_found = TRUE;
              req_name = name;
              break;
            }
          } else {
            /* it's a string */
            templ_found = TRUE;
            req_name = name;
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      list = list->next;
    }
  }

  if (!templ_found)
    return NULL;

  pad = gst_element_request_pad (element, templ, req_name);

  return pad;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_pad_list:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get pads of.
 *
 * Retrieves a list of @element's pads. The list must not be modified by the
 * calling code.
 *
 * Returns: the #GList of pads.
 */
const GList *
gst_element_get_pad_list (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (element != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  /* return the list of pads */
  return element->pads;
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_add_pad_template:
 * @klass: the #GstElementClass to add the pad template to.
 * @templ: a #GstPadTemplate to add to the element class.
 *
 * Adds a padtemplate to an element class. This is mainly used in the _base_init
 * functions of classes.
 */
void
gst_element_class_add_pad_template (GstElementClass * klass,
    GstPadTemplate * templ)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD_TEMPLATE (templ));

  /* avoid registering pad templates with the same name */
  g_return_if_fail (gst_element_class_get_pad_template (klass,
          templ->name_template) == NULL);

  klass->padtemplates = g_list_append (klass->padtemplates,
      gst_object_ref (GST_OBJECT (templ)));
  klass->numpadtemplates++;
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_set_details:
 * @klass: class to set details for
 * @details: details to set
 *
 * Sets the detailed information for a #GstElementClass.
 * <note>This function is for use in _base_init functions only.</note>
 */
void
gst_element_class_set_details (GstElementClass * klass,
    const GstElementDetails * details)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_DETAILS (details));

  __gst_element_details_copy (&klass->details, details);
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_get_pad_template_list:
 * @element_class: a #GstElementClass to get pad templates of.
 *
 * Retrieves a list of the pad templates associated with @element_class. The
 * list must not be modified by the calling code.
 * <note>If you use this function in the #GInstanceInitFunc of an object class
 * that has subclasses, make sure to pass the g_class parameter of the 
 * #GInstanceInitFunc here.</note>
 *
 * Returns: the #GList of padtemplates.
 */
GList *
gst_element_class_get_pad_template_list (GstElementClass * element_class)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (element_class != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (element_class), NULL);

  return element_class->padtemplates;
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_get_pad_template:
 * @element_class: a #GstElementClass to get the pad template of.
 * @name: the name of the #GstPadTemplate to get.
 *
 * Retrieves a padtemplate from @element_class with the given name.
 * <note>If you use this function in the #GInstanceInitFunc of an object class
 * that has subclasses, make sure to pass the g_class parameter of the 
 * #GInstanceInitFunc here.</note>
 *
 * Returns: the #GstPadTemplate with the given name, or NULL if none was found. 
 * No unreferencing is necessary.
 */
GstPadTemplate *
gst_element_class_get_pad_template (GstElementClass * element_class,
    const gchar * name)
{
  GList *padlist;

  g_return_val_if_fail (element_class != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (element_class), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, NULL);

  padlist = gst_element_class_get_pad_template_list (element_class);

  while (padlist) {
    GstPadTemplate *padtempl = (GstPadTemplate *) padlist->data;

    if (strcmp (padtempl->name_template, name) == 0)
      return padtempl;

    padlist = g_list_next (padlist);
  }

  return NULL;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_pad_template_list:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get pad templates of.
 *
 * Retrieves a list of the pad templates associated with the element.
 * (FIXME: Should be deprecated in favor of gst_element_class_get_pad_template_list).
 *
 * Returns: the #GList of padtemplates.
 */
GList *
gst_element_get_pad_template_list (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (element != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  return GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element)->padtemplates;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_pad_template:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the pad template of.
 * @name: the name of the #GstPadTemplate to get.
 *
 * Retrieves a padtemplate from this element with the
 * given name.
 * (FIXME: Should be deprecated in favor of gst_element_class_get_pad_template).
 *
 * Returns: the #GstPadTemplate with the given name, or NULL if none was found. 
 * No unreferencing is necessary.
 */
GstPadTemplate *
gst_element_get_pad_template (GstElement * element, const gchar * name)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (element != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, NULL);

  return gst_element_class_get_pad_template (GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element),
      name);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_compatible_pad_template:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get a compatible pad template for.
 * @compattempl: the #GstPadTemplate to find a compatible template for.
 *
 * Retrieves a pad template from @element that is compatible with @compattempl.
 * Pads from compatible templates can be linked together.
 *
 * Returns: a compatible #GstPadTemplate, or NULL if none was found. No
 * unreferencing is necessary.
 */
GstPadTemplate *
gst_element_get_compatible_pad_template (GstElement * element,
    GstPadTemplate * compattempl)
{
  GstPadTemplate *newtempl = NULL;
  GList *padlist;

  g_return_val_if_fail (element != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (compattempl != NULL, NULL);

  padlist = gst_element_get_pad_template_list (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS,
      "Looking for a suitable pad template...");

  while (padlist) {
    GstPadTemplate *padtempl = (GstPadTemplate *) padlist->data;
    GstCaps *intersection;

    /* Ignore name
     * Ignore presence
     * Check direction (must be opposite)
     * Check caps
     */
    if (padtempl->direction != compattempl->direction) {
      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_CAPS,
          "compatible direction: found %s pad template \"%s\"",
          padtempl->direction == GST_PAD_SRC ? "src" : "sink",
          padtempl->name_template);

      intersection = gst_caps_intersect (GST_PAD_TEMPLATE_CAPS (compattempl),
          GST_PAD_TEMPLATE_CAPS (padtempl));

      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_CAPS, "caps are %scompatible",
          (intersection ? "" : "not "));

      if (!gst_caps_is_empty (intersection))
        newtempl = padtempl;
      gst_caps_free (intersection);
      if (newtempl)
        break;
    }

    padlist = g_list_next (padlist);
  }

  return newtempl;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_pad_from_template:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 * @templ: a #GstPadTemplate belonging to @element.
 *
 * Gets a pad from @element described by @templ. If the presence of @templ is
 * #GST_PAD_REQUEST, requests a new pad. Can return %NULL for #GST_PAD_SOMETIMES
 * templates.
 *
 * Returns: the #GstPad, or NULL if one could not be found or created.
 */
static GstPad *
gst_element_get_pad_from_template (GstElement * element, GstPadTemplate * templ)
{
  GstPad *ret = NULL;
  GstPadPresence presence;

  /* If this function is ever exported, we need check the validity of `element'
   * and `templ', and to make sure the template actually belongs to the
   * element. */

  presence = GST_PAD_TEMPLATE_PRESENCE (templ);

  switch (presence) {
    case GST_PAD_ALWAYS:
    case GST_PAD_SOMETIMES:
      ret = gst_element_get_static_pad (element, templ->name_template);
      if (!ret && presence == GST_PAD_ALWAYS)
        g_warning
            ("Element %s has an ALWAYS template %s, but no pad of the same name",
            GST_OBJECT_NAME (element), templ->name_template);
      break;

    case GST_PAD_REQUEST:
      ret = gst_element_request_pad (element, templ, NULL);
      break;
  }

  return ret;
}

/**
 * gst_element_request_compatible_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 * @templ: the #GstPadTemplate to which the new pad should be able to link.
 *
 * Requests a pad from @element. The returned pad should be unlinked and
 * compatible with @templ. Might return an existing pad, or request a new one.
 *
 * Returns: a #GstPad, or %NULL if one could not be found or created.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_request_compatible_pad (GstElement * element,
    GstPadTemplate * templ)
{
  GstPadTemplate *templ_new;
  GstPad *pad = NULL;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD_TEMPLATE (templ), NULL);

  /* FIXME: should really loop through the templates, testing each for
     compatibility and pad availability. */
  templ_new = gst_element_get_compatible_pad_template (element, templ);
  if (templ_new)
    pad = gst_element_get_pad_from_template (element, templ_new);

  /* This can happen for non-request pads. No need to unref. */
  if (pad && GST_PAD_PEER (pad))
    pad = NULL;

  return pad;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_compatible_pad_filtered:
 * @element: a #GstElement in which the pad should be found.
 * @pad: the #GstPad to find a compatible one for.
 * @filtercaps: the #GstCaps to use as a filter.
 *
 * Looks for an unlinked pad to which the given pad can link. It is not
 * guaranteed that linking the pads will work, though it should work in most
 * cases.
 *
 * Returns: the #GstPad to which a link can be made, or %NULL if one cannot be
 * found.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_get_compatible_pad_filtered (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad,
    const GstCaps * filtercaps)
{
  const GList *pads;
  GstPadTemplate *templ;
  GstCaps *templcaps;
  GstPad *foundpad = NULL;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad), NULL);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS,
      "finding pad in %s compatible with %s:%s", GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element),
      GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));

  /* let's use the real pad */
  pad = (GstPad *) GST_PAD_REALIZE (pad);
  g_return_val_if_fail (pad != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_RPAD_PEER (pad) == NULL, NULL);

  /* try to get an existing unlinked pad */
  pads = gst_element_get_pad_list (element);
  while (pads) {
    GstPad *current = GST_PAD (pads->data);

    if (GST_PAD_PEER (current) == NULL &&
        gst_pad_can_link_filtered (pad, current, filtercaps)) {
      return current;
    }
    pads = g_list_next (pads);
  }

  /* try to create a new one */
  /* requesting is a little crazy, we need a template. Let's create one */
  templcaps = gst_pad_get_caps (pad);
  if (filtercaps != NULL) {
    GstCaps *temp;

    temp = gst_caps_intersect (filtercaps, templcaps);
    gst_caps_free (templcaps);
    templcaps = temp;
  }

  templ = gst_pad_template_new ((gchar *) GST_PAD_NAME (pad),
      GST_PAD_DIRECTION (pad), GST_PAD_ALWAYS, templcaps);
  foundpad = gst_element_request_compatible_pad (element, templ);
  gst_object_unref (GST_OBJECT (templ));

  if (foundpad)
    return foundpad;

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element,
      "Could not find a compatible pad to link to %s:%s",
      GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));

  return NULL;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_compatible_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement in which the pad should be found.
 * @pad: the #GstPad to find a compatible one for.
 *
 * Looks for an unlinked pad to which the given pad can link to.
 * It is not guaranteed that linking the pads will work, though
 * it should work in most cases.
 *
 * Returns: the #GstPad to which a link can be made, or %NULL if one
 * could not be found.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_get_compatible_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad)
{
  return gst_element_get_compatible_pad_filtered (element, pad, NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_element_link_pads_filtered:
 * @src: a #GstElement containing the source pad.
 * @srcpadname: the name of the #GstPad in source element or NULL for any pad.
 * @dest: the #GstElement containing the destination pad.
 * @destpadname: the name of the #GstPad in destination element or NULL for any pad.
 * @filtercaps: the #GstCaps to use as a filter.
 *
 * Links the two named pads of the source and destination elements.
 * Side effect is that if one of the pads has no parent, it becomes a
 * child of the parent of the other element.  If they have different
 * parents, the link fails.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the pads could be linked, FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_link_pads_filtered (GstElement * src, const gchar * srcpadname,
    GstElement * dest, const gchar * destpadname, const GstCaps * filtercaps)
{
  const GList *srcpads, *destpads, *srctempls, *desttempls, *l;
  GstPad *srcpad, *destpad;
  GstPadTemplate *srctempl, *desttempl;

  /* checks */
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (src), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (dest), FALSE);

  GST_CAT_INFO (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS,
      "trying to link element %s:%s to element %s:%s", GST_ELEMENT_NAME (src),
      srcpadname ? srcpadname : "(any)", GST_ELEMENT_NAME (dest),
      destpadname ? destpadname : "(any)");

  /* now get the pads we're trying to link and a list of all remaining pads */
  if (srcpadname) {
    srcpad = gst_element_get_pad (src, srcpadname);
    if (!srcpad) {
      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "no pad %s:%s",
          GST_ELEMENT_NAME (src), srcpadname);
      return FALSE;
    } else {
      if (!(GST_PAD_DIRECTION (srcpad) == GST_PAD_SRC)) {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "pad %s:%s is no src pad",
            GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (srcpad));
        return FALSE;
      }
      if (GST_PAD_PEER (srcpad) != NULL) {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "pad %s:%s is already linked",
            GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (srcpad));
        return FALSE;
      }
    }
    srcpads = NULL;
  } else {
    srcpads = gst_element_get_pad_list (src);
    srcpad = srcpads ? (GstPad *) GST_PAD_REALIZE (srcpads->data) : NULL;
  }
  if (destpadname) {
    destpad = gst_element_get_pad (dest, destpadname);
    if (!destpad) {
      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "no pad %s:%s",
          GST_ELEMENT_NAME (dest), destpadname);
      return FALSE;
    } else {
      if (!(GST_PAD_DIRECTION (destpad) == GST_PAD_SINK)) {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "pad %s:%s is no sink pad",
            GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (destpad));
        return FALSE;
      }
      if (GST_PAD_PEER (destpad) != NULL) {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "pad %s:%s is already linked",
            GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (destpad));
        return FALSE;
      }
    }
    destpads = NULL;
  } else {
    destpads = gst_element_get_pad_list (dest);
    destpad = destpads ? (GstPad *) GST_PAD_REALIZE (destpads->data) : NULL;
  }

  if (srcpadname && destpadname) {
    /* two explicitly specified pads */
    return gst_pad_link_filtered (srcpad, destpad, filtercaps);
  }
  if (srcpad) {
    /* loop through the allowed pads in the source, trying to find a
     * compatible destination pad */
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS,
        "looping through allowed src and dest pads");
    do {
      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "trying src pad %s:%s",
          GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (srcpad));
      if ((GST_PAD_DIRECTION (srcpad) == GST_PAD_SRC) &&
          (GST_PAD_PEER (srcpad) == NULL)) {
        GstPad *temp = gst_element_get_compatible_pad_filtered (dest, srcpad,
            filtercaps);

        if (temp && gst_pad_link_filtered (srcpad, temp, filtercaps)) {
          GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "linked pad %s:%s to pad %s:%s",
              GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (srcpad), GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (temp));
          return TRUE;
        }
      }
      /* find a better way for this mess */
      if (srcpads) {
        srcpads = g_list_next (srcpads);
        if (srcpads)
          srcpad = (GstPad *) GST_PAD_REALIZE (srcpads->data);
      }
    } while (srcpads);
  }
  if (srcpadname) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "no link possible from %s:%s to %s",
        GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (srcpad), GST_ELEMENT_NAME (dest));
    return FALSE;
  }
  if (destpad) {
    /* loop through the existing pads in the destination */
    do {
      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "trying dest pad %s:%s",
          GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (destpad));
      if ((GST_PAD_DIRECTION (destpad) == GST_PAD_SINK) &&
          (GST_PAD_PEER (destpad) == NULL)) {
        GstPad *temp = gst_element_get_compatible_pad_filtered (src, destpad,
            filtercaps);

        if (temp && gst_pad_link_filtered (temp, destpad, filtercaps)) {
          GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "linked pad %s:%s to pad %s:%s",
              GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (temp), GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (destpad));
          return TRUE;
        }
      }
      if (destpads) {
        destpads = g_list_next (destpads);
        if (destpads)
          destpad = (GstPad *) GST_PAD_REALIZE (destpads->data);
      }
    } while (destpads);
  }
  if (destpadname) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "no link possible from %s to %s:%s",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (src), GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (destpad));
    return FALSE;
  }

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS,
      "we might have request pads on both sides, checking...");
  srctempls = gst_element_get_pad_template_list (src);
  desttempls = gst_element_get_pad_template_list (dest);

  if (srctempls && desttempls) {
    while (srctempls) {
      srctempl = (GstPadTemplate *) srctempls->data;
      if (srctempl->presence == GST_PAD_REQUEST) {
        for (l = desttempls; l; l = l->next) {
          desttempl = (GstPadTemplate *) l->data;
          if (desttempl->presence == GST_PAD_REQUEST &&
              desttempl->direction != srctempl->direction) {
            if (gst_caps_is_always_compatible (gst_pad_template_get_caps
                    (srctempl), gst_pad_template_get_caps (desttempl))) {
              srcpad =
                  gst_element_get_request_pad (src, srctempl->name_template);
              destpad =
                  gst_element_get_request_pad (dest, desttempl->name_template);
              if (gst_pad_link_filtered (srcpad, destpad, filtercaps)) {
                GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS,
                    "linked pad %s:%s to pad %s:%s",
                    GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (srcpad), GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (destpad));
                return TRUE;
              }
              /* it failed, so we release the request pads */
              gst_element_release_request_pad (src, srcpad);
              gst_element_release_request_pad (dest, destpad);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      srctempls = srctempls->next;
    }
  }

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "no link possible from %s to %s",
      GST_ELEMENT_NAME (src), GST_ELEMENT_NAME (dest));
  return FALSE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_link_filtered:
 * @src: a #GstElement containing the source pad.
 * @dest: the #GstElement containing the destination pad.
 * @filtercaps: the #GstCaps to use as a filter.
 *
 * Links @src to @dest, filtered by @filtercaps. The link must be from source to
 * destination; the other direction will not be tried. The function looks for
 * existing pads that aren't linked yet. It will request new pads if necessary.
 * If multiple links are possible, only one is established.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the elements could be linked, FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_link_filtered (GstElement * src, GstElement * dest,
    const GstCaps * filtercaps)
{
  return gst_element_link_pads_filtered (src, NULL, dest, NULL, filtercaps);
}

/**
 * gst_element_link_many:
 * @element_1: the first #GstElement in the link chain.
 * @element_2: the second #GstElement in the link chain.
 * @...: the NULL-terminated list of elements to link in order.
 * 
 * Chain together a series of elements. Uses gst_element_link().
 *
 * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_link_many (GstElement * element_1, GstElement * element_2, ...)
{
  va_list args;

  g_return_val_if_fail (element_1 != NULL && element_2 != NULL, FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element_1) &&
      GST_IS_ELEMENT (element_2), FALSE);

  va_start (args, element_2);

  while (element_2) {
    if (!gst_element_link (element_1, element_2))
      return FALSE;

    element_1 = element_2;
    element_2 = va_arg (args, GstElement *);
  }

  va_end (args);

  return TRUE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_link:
 * @src: a #GstElement containing the source pad.
 * @dest: the #GstElement containing the destination pad.
 *
 * Links @src to @dest with no filter caps. See gst_element_link_filtered() for
 * more information.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the elements could be linked, FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_link (GstElement * src, GstElement * dest)
{
  return gst_element_link_pads_filtered (src, NULL, dest, NULL, NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_element_link_pads:
 * @src: a #GstElement containing the source pad.
 * @srcpadname: the name of the #GstPad in the source element.
 * @dest: the #GstElement containing the destination pad.
 * @destpadname: the name of the #GstPad in destination element.
 *
 * Links the two named pads of the source and destination elements.
 * Side effect is that if one of the pads has no parent, it becomes a
 * child of the parent of the other element.  If they have different
 * parents, the link fails.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the pads could be linked, FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_link_pads (GstElement * src, const gchar * srcpadname,
    GstElement * dest, const gchar * destpadname)
{
  return gst_element_link_pads_filtered (src, srcpadname, dest, destpadname,
      NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_element_unlink_pads:
 * @src: a #GstElement containing the source pad.
 * @srcpadname: the name of the #GstPad in source element.
 * @dest: a #GstElement containing the destination pad.
 * @destpadname: the name of the #GstPad in destination element.
 *
 * Unlinks the two named pads of the source and destination elements.
 */
void
gst_element_unlink_pads (GstElement * src, const gchar * srcpadname,
    GstElement * dest, const gchar * destpadname)
{
  GstPad *srcpad, *destpad;

  g_return_if_fail (src != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (src));
  g_return_if_fail (srcpadname != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (dest != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (dest));
  g_return_if_fail (destpadname != NULL);

  /* obtain the pads requested */
  srcpad = gst_element_get_pad (src, srcpadname);
  if (srcpad == NULL) {
    GST_WARNING_OBJECT (src, "source element has no pad \"%s\"", srcpadname);
    return;
  }
  destpad = gst_element_get_pad (dest, destpadname);
  if (srcpad == NULL) {
    GST_WARNING_OBJECT (dest, "destination element has no pad \"%s\"",
        destpadname);
    return;
  }

  /* we're satisified they can be unlinked, let's do it */
  gst_pad_unlink (srcpad, destpad);
}

/**
 * gst_element_unlink_many:
 * @element_1: the first #GstElement in the link chain.
 * @element_2: the second #GstElement in the link chain.
 * @...: the NULL-terminated list of elements to unlink in order.
 * 
 * Unlinks a series of elements. Uses gst_element_unlink().
 */
void
gst_element_unlink_many (GstElement * element_1, GstElement * element_2, ...)
{
  va_list args;

  g_return_if_fail (element_1 != NULL && element_2 != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element_1) && GST_IS_ELEMENT (element_2));

  va_start (args, element_2);

  while (element_2) {
    gst_element_unlink (element_1, element_2);

    element_1 = element_2;
    element_2 = va_arg (args, GstElement *);
  }

  va_end (args);
}

/**
 * gst_element_unlink:
 * @src: the source #GstElement to unlink.
 * @dest: the sink #GstElement to unlink.
 *
 * Unlinks all source pads of the source element with all sink pads
 * of the sink element to which they are linked.
 */
void
gst_element_unlink (GstElement * src, GstElement * dest)
{
  const GList *srcpads;
  GstPad *pad;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (src));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (dest));

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "unlinking \"%s\" and \"%s\"",
      GST_ELEMENT_NAME (src), GST_ELEMENT_NAME (dest));

  srcpads = gst_element_get_pad_list (src);

  while (srcpads) {
    pad = GST_PAD (srcpads->data);

    /* we only care about real src pads */
    if (GST_IS_REAL_PAD (pad) && GST_PAD_IS_SRC (pad)) {
      GstPad *peerpad = GST_PAD_PEER (pad);

      /* see if the pad is connected and is really a pad
       * of dest */
      if (peerpad && (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (peerpad) == (GstObject *) dest)) {
        gst_pad_unlink (pad, peerpad);
      }
    }

    srcpads = g_list_next (srcpads);
  }
}

static void
gst_element_error_func (GstElement * element, GstElement * source,
    GError * error, gchar * debug)
{
  /* tell the parent */
  if (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (element)) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ERROR_SYSTEM,
        "forwarding error \"%s\" from %s to %s", error->message,
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element),
        GST_OBJECT_NAME (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (element)));

    gst_object_ref (GST_OBJECT (element));
    g_signal_emit (G_OBJECT (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (element)),
        gst_element_signals[ERROR], 0, source, error, debug);
    gst_object_unref (GST_OBJECT (element));
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ERROR_SYSTEM, "forwarded error \"%s\" from %s to %s",
        error->message, GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element),
        GST_OBJECT_NAME (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (element)));
  }
}

static GstPad *
gst_element_get_random_pad (GstElement * element, GstPadDirection dir)
{
  GList *pads = element->pads;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "getting a random pad");
  while (pads) {
    GstPad *pad = GST_PAD (pads->data);

    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "checking pad %s:%s",
        GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));

    if (GST_PAD_DIRECTION (pad) == dir) {
      if (GST_PAD_IS_LINKED (pad)) {
        return pad;
      } else {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "pad %s:%s is not linked",
            GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
      }
    } else {
      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "pad %s:%s is in wrong direction",
          GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
    }

    pads = g_list_next (pads);
  }
  return NULL;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_event_masks:
 * @element: a #GstElement to query
 *
 * Get an array of event masks from the element.
 * If the element doesn't 
 * implement an event masks function, the query will be forwarded
 * to a random linked sink pad.
 * 
 * Returns: An array of #GstEventMask elements.
 */
const GstEventMask *
gst_element_get_event_masks (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->get_event_masks)
    return oclass->get_event_masks (element);
  else {
    GstPad *pad = gst_element_get_random_pad (element, GST_PAD_SINK);

    if (pad)
      return gst_pad_get_event_masks (GST_PAD_PEER (pad));
  }

  return FALSE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_send_event:
 * @element: a #GstElement to send the event to.
 * @event: the #GstEvent to send to the element.
 *
 * Sends an event to an element. If the element doesn't
 * implement an event handler, the event will be forwarded
 * to a random sink pad.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the event was handled.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_send_event (GstElement * element, GstEvent * event)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (event != NULL, FALSE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->send_event)
    return oclass->send_event (element, event);
  else {
    GstPad *pad = gst_element_get_random_pad (element, GST_PAD_SINK);

    if (pad) {
      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "sending event to random pad %s:%s",
          GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
      return gst_pad_send_event (GST_PAD_PEER (pad), event);
    }
  }
  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "can't send event on element %s",
      GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
  return FALSE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_seek:
 * @element: a #GstElement to send the event to.
 * @seek_type: the method to use for seeking.
 * @offset: the offset to seek to.
 *
 * Sends a seek event to an element.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the event was handled.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_seek (GstElement * element, GstSeekType seek_type, guint64 offset)
{
  GstEvent *event = gst_event_new_seek (seek_type, offset);

  return gst_element_send_event (element, event);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_query_types:
 * @element: a #GstElement to query
 *
 * Get an array of query types from the element.
 * If the element doesn't 
 * implement a query types function, the query will be forwarded
 * to a random sink pad.
 * 
 * Returns: An array of #GstQueryType elements.
 */
const GstQueryType *
gst_element_get_query_types (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->get_query_types)
    return oclass->get_query_types (element);
  else {
    GstPad *pad = gst_element_get_random_pad (element, GST_PAD_SINK);

    if (pad)
      return gst_pad_get_query_types (GST_PAD_PEER (pad));
  }

  return FALSE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_query:
 * @element: a #GstElement to perform the query on.
 * @type: the #GstQueryType.
 * @format: the #GstFormat pointer to hold the format of the result.
 * @value: the pointer to the value of the result.
 *
 * Performs a query on the given element. If the format is set
 * to GST_FORMAT_DEFAULT and this function returns TRUE, the 
 * format pointer will hold the default format.
 * For element that don't implement a query handler, this function
 * forwards the query to a random usable sinkpad of this element.
 * 
 * Returns: TRUE if the query could be performed.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_query (GstElement * element, GstQueryType type,
    GstFormat * format, gint64 * value)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (format != NULL, FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (value != NULL, FALSE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->query)
    return oclass->query (element, type, format, value);
  else {
    GstPad *pad = gst_element_get_random_pad (element, GST_PAD_SRC);

    if (pad)
      return gst_pad_query (pad, type, format, value);
    pad = gst_element_get_random_pad (element, GST_PAD_SINK);
    if (pad)
      return gst_pad_query (GST_PAD_PEER (pad), type, format, value);
  }

  return FALSE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_formats:
 * @element: a #GstElement to query
 *
 * Get an array of formst from the element.
 * If the element doesn't 
 * implement a formats function, the query will be forwarded
 * to a random sink pad.
 * 
 * Returns: An array of #GstFormat elements.
 */
const GstFormat *
gst_element_get_formats (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->get_formats)
    return oclass->get_formats (element);
  else {
    GstPad *pad = gst_element_get_random_pad (element, GST_PAD_SINK);

    if (pad)
      return gst_pad_get_formats (GST_PAD_PEER (pad));
  }

  return FALSE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_convert:
 * @element: a #GstElement to invoke the converter on.
 * @src_format: the source #GstFormat.
 * @src_value: the source value.
 * @dest_format: a pointer to the destination #GstFormat.
 * @dest_value: a pointer to the destination value.
 *
 * Invokes a conversion on the element.
 * If the element doesn't 
 * implement a convert function, the query will be forwarded
 * to a random sink pad.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the conversion could be performed.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_convert (GstElement * element,
    GstFormat src_format, gint64 src_value,
    GstFormat * dest_format, gint64 * dest_value)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (dest_format != NULL, FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (dest_value != NULL, FALSE);

  if (src_format == *dest_format) {
    *dest_value = src_value;
    return TRUE;
  }

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->convert)
    return oclass->convert (element,
        src_format, src_value, dest_format, dest_value);
  else {
    GstPad *pad = gst_element_get_random_pad (element, GST_PAD_SINK);

    if (pad)
      return gst_pad_convert (GST_PAD_PEER (pad),
          src_format, src_value, dest_format, dest_value);
  }

  return FALSE;
}

/**
 * _gst_element_error_printf:
 * @format: the printf-like format to use, or NULL
 *
 * This function is only used internally by the #gst_element_error macro.
 *
 * Returns: a newly allocated string, or NULL if the format was NULL or ""
 */
gchar *
_gst_element_error_printf (const gchar * format, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  gchar *buffer;

  if (format == NULL)
    return NULL;
  if (format[0] == 0)
    return NULL;

  va_start (args, format);
  buffer = g_strdup_vprintf (format, args);
  va_end (args);
  return buffer;
}

/**
 * gst_element_error_full:
 * @element: a #GstElement with the error.
 * @domain: the GStreamer error domain this error belongs to.
 * @code: the error code belonging to the domain
 * @message: an allocated message to be used as a replacement for the default
 *           message connected to code, or NULL
 * @debug: an allocated debug message to be used as a replacement for the
 *         default debugging information, or NULL
 * @file: the source code file where the error was generated
 * @function: the source code function where the error was generated
 * @line: the source code line where the error was generated
 *
 * Signals an error condition on an element.
 * This function is used internally by elements.
 * It results in the "error" signal.
 */
void gst_element_error_full
    (GstElement * element, GQuark domain, gint code, gchar * message,
    gchar * debug, const gchar * file, const gchar * function, gint line)
{
  GError *error = NULL;
  gchar *name;
  gchar *sent_message;
  gchar *sent_debug;

  /* checks */
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  /* check if we send the given message or the default error message */
  if ((message == NULL) || (message[0] == 0)) {
    /* we got this message from g_strdup_printf (""); */
    g_free (message);
    sent_message = gst_error_get_message (domain, code);
  } else
    sent_message = message;

  if ((debug == NULL) || (debug[0] == 0)) {
    /* we got this debug from g_strdup_printf (""); */
    g_free (debug);
    debug = NULL;
  }

  /* create error message */
  GST_CAT_INFO (GST_CAT_ERROR_SYSTEM, "signaling error in %s: %s",
      GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element), sent_message);
  error = g_error_new (domain, code, sent_message);

  /* if the element was already in error, stop now */
  if (GST_FLAG_IS_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_IN_ERROR)) {
    GST_CAT_INFO (GST_CAT_ERROR_SYSTEM, "recursive ERROR detected in %s",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    g_free (sent_message);
    if (debug)
      g_free (debug);
    return;
  }

  GST_FLAG_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_IN_ERROR);

  /* emit the signal, make sure the element stays available */
  gst_object_ref (GST_OBJECT (element));
  name = gst_object_get_path_string (GST_OBJECT (element));
  if (debug)
    sent_debug = g_strdup_printf ("%s(%d): %s: %s:\n%s",
        file, line, function, name, debug ? debug : "");
  else
    sent_debug = NULL;
  g_free (debug);
  g_free (name);
  g_signal_emit (G_OBJECT (element), gst_element_signals[ERROR], 0, element,
      error, sent_debug);
  GST_CAT_INFO (GST_CAT_ERROR_SYSTEM, "signalled error in %s: %s",
      GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element), sent_message);

  /* tell the scheduler */
  if (element->sched) {
    gst_scheduler_error (element->sched, element);
  }

  if (GST_STATE (element) == GST_STATE_PLAYING) {
    GstElementStateReturn ret;

    ret = gst_element_set_state (element, GST_STATE_PAUSED);
    if (ret != GST_STATE_SUCCESS) {
      g_warning ("could not PAUSE element \"%s\" after error, help!",
          GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    }
  }

  GST_FLAG_UNSET (element, GST_ELEMENT_IN_ERROR);

  /* cleanup */
  gst_object_unref (GST_OBJECT (element));
  g_free (sent_message);
  g_free (sent_debug);
  g_error_free (error);
}

/**
 * gst_element_is_locked_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Checks if the state of an element is locked.
 * If the state of an element is locked, state changes of the parent don't 
 * affect the element.
 * This way you can leave currently unused elements inside bins. Just lock their
 * state before changing the state from #GST_STATE_NULL.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE, if the element's state is locked.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_is_locked_state (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  return GST_FLAG_IS_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_LOCKED_STATE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_locked_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement
 * @locked_state: TRUE to lock the element's state
 *
 * Locks the state of an element, so state changes of the parent don't affect
 * this element anymore.
 */
void
gst_element_set_locked_state (GstElement * element, gboolean locked_state)
{
  gboolean old;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  old = GST_FLAG_IS_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_LOCKED_STATE);

  if (old == locked_state)
    return;

  if (locked_state) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_STATES, "locking state of element %s",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    GST_FLAG_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_LOCKED_STATE);
  } else {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_STATES, "unlocking state of element %s",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    GST_FLAG_UNSET (element, GST_ELEMENT_LOCKED_STATE);
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_sync_state_with_parent:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Tries to change the state of the element to the same as its parent.
 * If this function returns FALSE, the state of element is undefined.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE, if the element's state could be synced to the parent's state.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_sync_state_with_parent (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElement *parent;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  parent = GST_ELEMENT (GST_ELEMENT_PARENT (element));
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_BIN (parent), FALSE);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_STATES, "syncing state of element %s (%s) to %s (%s)",
      GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element),
      gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE (element)),
      GST_ELEMENT_NAME (parent),
      gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE (parent)));
  if (gst_element_set_state (element, GST_STATE (parent)) == GST_STATE_FAILURE) {
    return FALSE;
  }
  return TRUE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the state of.
 *
 * Gets the state of the element. 
 *
 * Returns: the #GstElementState of the element.
 */
GstElementState
gst_element_get_state (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING);

  return GST_STATE (element);
}

/**
 * gst_element_wait_state_change:
 * @element: a #GstElement to wait for a state change on.
 *
 * Waits and blocks until the element changed its state.
 */
void
gst_element_wait_state_change (GstElement * element)
{
  g_mutex_lock (element->state_mutex);
  g_cond_wait (element->state_cond, element->state_mutex);
  g_mutex_unlock (element->state_mutex);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement to change state of.
 * @state: the element's new #GstElementState.
 *
 * Sets the state of the element. This function will try to set the
 * requested state by going through all the intermediary states and calling
 * the class's state change function for each.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the state was successfully set.
 * (using #GstElementStateReturn).
 */
GstElementStateReturn
gst_element_set_state (GstElement * element, GstElementState state)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;
  GstElementState curpending;
  GstElementStateReturn return_val = GST_STATE_SUCCESS;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_STATE_FAILURE);

  /* start with the current state */
  curpending = GST_STATE (element);

  if (state == curpending) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
        "element is already in requested state %s",
        gst_element_state_get_name (state));
    return (GST_STATE_SUCCESS);
  }

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "setting state from %s to %s",
      gst_element_state_get_name (curpending),
      gst_element_state_get_name (state));

  /* loop until the final requested state is set */
  while (GST_STATE (element) != state
      && GST_STATE (element) != GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING) {
    /* move the curpending state in the correct direction */
    if (curpending < state)
      curpending <<= 1;
    else
      curpending >>= 1;

    /* set the pending state variable */
    /* FIXME: should probably check to see that we don't already have one */
    GST_STATE_PENDING (element) = curpending;

    if (curpending != state) {
      GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
          "intermediate: setting state from %s to %s",
          gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE (element)),
          gst_element_state_get_name (curpending));
    }

    /* call the state change function so it can set the state */
    oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);
    if (oclass->change_state)
      return_val = (oclass->change_state) (element);

    switch (return_val) {
      case GST_STATE_FAILURE:
        GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
            "have failed change_state return");
        goto exit;
      case GST_STATE_ASYNC:
        GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
            "element will change state async");
        goto exit;
      case GST_STATE_SUCCESS:
        /* Last thing we do is verify that a successful state change really
         * did change the state... */
        /* if it did not, this is an error - fix the element that does this */
        if (GST_STATE (element) != curpending) {
          g_warning ("element %s claimed state-change success,"
              "but state didn't change to %s. State is %s (%s pending), fix the element",
              GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element),
              gst_element_state_get_name (curpending),
              gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE (element)),
              gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE_PENDING (element)));
          return_val = GST_STATE_FAILURE;
          goto exit;
        }
        break;
      default:
        /* somebody added a GST_STATE_ and forgot to do stuff here ! */
        g_assert_not_reached ();
    }
  }
exit:

  return return_val;
}

static gboolean
gst_element_negotiate_pads (GstElement * element)
{
  GList *pads = GST_ELEMENT_PADS (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CAPS, element, "negotiating pads");

  while (pads) {
    GstPad *pad = GST_PAD (pads->data);
    GstRealPad *srcpad;

    pads = g_list_next (pads);

    if (!GST_IS_REAL_PAD (pad))
      continue;

    srcpad = GST_PAD_REALIZE (pad);

    /* if we have a link on this pad and it doesn't have caps
     * allready, try to negotiate */
    if (GST_PAD_IS_LINKED (srcpad) && !GST_PAD_CAPS (srcpad)) {
      GstRealPad *sinkpad;
      GstElementState otherstate;
      GstElement *parent;

      sinkpad = GST_RPAD_PEER (GST_PAD_REALIZE (srcpad));

      /* check the parent of the peer pad, if there is no parent do nothing */
      parent = GST_PAD_PARENT (sinkpad);
      if (!parent)
        continue;

      /* skips pads that were already negotiating */
      if (GST_FLAG_IS_SET (sinkpad, GST_PAD_NEGOTIATING) ||
          GST_FLAG_IS_SET (srcpad, GST_PAD_NEGOTIATING))
        continue;

      otherstate = GST_STATE (parent);

      /* swap pads if needed */
      if (!GST_PAD_IS_SRC (srcpad)) {
        GstRealPad *temp;

        temp = srcpad;
        srcpad = sinkpad;
        sinkpad = temp;
      }

      /* only try to negotiate if the peer element is in PAUSED or higher too */
      if (otherstate >= GST_STATE_READY) {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CAPS, element,
            "perform negotiate for %s:%s and %s:%s",
            GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (srcpad), GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (sinkpad));
        if (gst_pad_renegotiate (pad) == GST_PAD_LINK_REFUSED)
          return FALSE;
      } else {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CAPS, element,
            "not negotiating %s:%s and %s:%s, not in READY yet",
            GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (srcpad), GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (sinkpad));
      }
    }
  }

  return TRUE;
}

static void
gst_element_clear_pad_caps (GstElement * element)
{
  GList *pads = GST_ELEMENT_PADS (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CAPS, element, "clearing pad caps");

  while (pads) {
    GstPad *pad = GST_PAD (pads->data);

    gst_pad_unnegotiate (pad);
    if (GST_IS_REAL_PAD (pad)) {
      gst_caps_replace (&GST_RPAD_EXPLICIT_CAPS (pad), NULL);
    }

    pads = g_list_next (pads);
  }
}

static void
gst_element_pads_activate (GstElement * element, gboolean active)
{
  GList *pads = element->pads;

  while (pads) {
    GstPad *pad = GST_PAD (pads->data);

    pads = g_list_next (pads);

    if (!GST_IS_REAL_PAD (pad))
      continue;

    gst_pad_set_active (pad, active);
  }
}

static GstElementStateReturn
gst_element_change_state (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElementState old_state;
  GstObject *parent;
  gint old_pending, old_transition;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_STATE_FAILURE);

  old_state = GST_STATE (element);
  old_pending = GST_STATE_PENDING (element);
  old_transition = GST_STATE_TRANSITION (element);

  if (old_pending == GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING ||
      old_state == GST_STATE_PENDING (element)) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
        "element is already in the %s state",
        gst_element_state_get_name (old_state));
    return GST_STATE_SUCCESS;
  }

  GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "default handler sets state from %s to %s %04x",
      gst_element_state_get_name (old_state),
      gst_element_state_get_name (old_pending), old_transition);

  /* we set the state change early for the negotiation functions */
  GST_STATE (element) = old_pending;
  GST_STATE_PENDING (element) = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;

  switch (old_transition) {
    case GST_STATE_PLAYING_TO_PAUSED:
      if (element->clock) {
        GstClockTimeDiff time = gst_clock_get_event_time (element->clock);

        g_assert (time >= element->base_time);
        element->base_time = time - element->base_time;
        GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, element, "setting base time to %"
            G_GINT64_FORMAT, element->base_time);
      }
      gst_element_pads_activate (element, FALSE);
      break;
    case GST_STATE_PAUSED_TO_PLAYING:
      gst_element_pads_activate (element, TRUE);
      if (element->clock) {
        GstClockTime time = gst_clock_get_event_time (element->clock);

        element->base_time = time - element->base_time;
        GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, element, "setting base time to %"
            GST_TIME_FORMAT, GST_TIME_ARGS (element->base_time));
      }
      break;
      /* if we are going to paused, we try to negotiate the pads */
    case GST_STATE_READY_TO_PAUSED:
      g_assert (element->base_time == 0);
      if (!gst_element_negotiate_pads (element))
        goto failure;
      break;
      /* going to the READY state clears all pad caps */
      /* FIXME: Why doesn't this happen on READY => NULL? -- Company */
    case GST_STATE_PAUSED_TO_READY:
      element->base_time = 0;
      gst_element_clear_pad_caps (element);
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }

  parent = GST_ELEMENT_PARENT (element);

  GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "signaling state change from %s to %s",
      gst_element_state_get_name (old_state),
      gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE (element)));

  /* tell the scheduler if we have one */
  if (element->sched) {
    if (gst_scheduler_state_transition (element->sched, element,
            old_transition) != GST_STATE_SUCCESS) {
      GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
          "scheduler could not change state");
      goto failure;
    }
  }

  /* tell our parent about the state change */
  if (parent && GST_IS_BIN (parent)) {
    gst_bin_child_state_change (GST_BIN (parent), old_state,
        GST_STATE (element), element);
  }
  /* at this point the state of the element could have changed again */

  g_signal_emit (G_OBJECT (element), gst_element_signals[STATE_CHANGE],
      0, old_state, GST_STATE (element));

  /* signal the state change in case somebody is waiting for us */
  g_mutex_lock (element->state_mutex);
  g_cond_signal (element->state_cond);
  g_mutex_unlock (element->state_mutex);

  return GST_STATE_SUCCESS;

failure:
  /* undo the state change */
  GST_STATE (element) = old_state;
  GST_STATE_PENDING (element) = old_pending;

  return GST_STATE_FAILURE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_factory:
 * @element: a #GstElement to request the element factory of.
 *
 * Retrieves the factory that was used to create this element.
 *
 * Returns: the #GstElementFactory used for creating this element.
 */
GstElementFactory *
gst_element_get_factory (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  return GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element)->elementfactory;
}

static void
gst_element_dispose (GObject * object)
{
  GstElement *element = GST_ELEMENT (object);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_REFCOUNTING, element, "dispose");

  gst_element_set_state (element, GST_STATE_NULL);

  /* first we break all our links with the ouside */
  while (element->pads) {
    gst_element_remove_pad (element, GST_PAD (element->pads->data));
  }

  element->numsrcpads = 0;
  element->numsinkpads = 0;
  element->numpads = 0;
  if (element->state_mutex)
    g_mutex_free (element->state_mutex);
  element->state_mutex = NULL;
  if (element->state_cond)
    g_cond_free (element->state_cond);
  element->state_cond = NULL;

  if (element->prop_value_queue)
    g_async_queue_unref (element->prop_value_queue);
  element->prop_value_queue = NULL;
  if (element->property_mutex)
    g_mutex_free (element->property_mutex);
  element->property_mutex = NULL;

  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) & element->sched, NULL);
  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) & element->clock, NULL);

  G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->dispose (object);
}

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_LOADSAVE
/**
 * gst_element_save_thyself:
 * @element: a #GstElement to save.
 * @parent: the xml parent node.
 *
 * Saves the element as part of the given XML structure.
 *
 * Returns: the new #xmlNodePtr.
 */
static xmlNodePtr
gst_element_save_thyself (GstObject * object, xmlNodePtr parent)
{
  GList *pads;
  GstElementClass *oclass;
  GParamSpec **specs, *spec;
  gint nspecs, i;
  GValue value = { 0, };
  GstElement *element;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (object), parent);

  element = GST_ELEMENT (object);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  xmlNewChild (parent, NULL, "name", GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));

  if (oclass->elementfactory != NULL) {
    GstElementFactory *factory = (GstElementFactory *) oclass->elementfactory;

    xmlNewChild (parent, NULL, "type", GST_PLUGIN_FEATURE (factory)->name);
  }

/* FIXME: what is this? */
/*  if (element->manager) */
/*    xmlNewChild(parent, NULL, "manager", GST_ELEMENT_NAME(element->manager)); */

  /* params */
  specs = g_object_class_list_properties (G_OBJECT_GET_CLASS (object), &nspecs);

  for (i = 0; i < nspecs; i++) {
    spec = specs[i];
    if (spec->flags & G_PARAM_READABLE) {
      xmlNodePtr param;
      char *contents;

      g_value_init (&value, G_PARAM_SPEC_VALUE_TYPE (spec));

      g_object_get_property (G_OBJECT (element), spec->name, &value);
      param = xmlNewChild (parent, NULL, "param", NULL);
      xmlNewChild (param, NULL, "name", spec->name);

      if (G_IS_PARAM_SPEC_STRING (spec))
        contents = g_value_dup_string (&value);
      else if (G_IS_PARAM_SPEC_ENUM (spec))
        contents = g_strdup_printf ("%d", g_value_get_enum (&value));
      else if (G_IS_PARAM_SPEC_INT64 (spec))
        contents = g_strdup_printf ("%" G_GINT64_FORMAT,
            g_value_get_int64 (&value));
      else
        contents = g_strdup_value_contents (&value);

      xmlNewChild (param, NULL, "value", contents);
      g_free (contents);

      g_value_unset (&value);
    }
  }

  pads = GST_ELEMENT_PADS (element);

  while (pads) {
    GstPad *pad = GST_PAD (pads->data);

    /* figure out if it's a direct pad or a ghostpad */
    if (GST_ELEMENT (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (pad)) == element) {
      xmlNodePtr padtag = xmlNewChild (parent, NULL, "pad", NULL);

      gst_object_save_thyself (GST_OBJECT (pad), padtag);
    }
    pads = g_list_next (pads);
  }

  return parent;
}

static void
gst_element_restore_thyself (GstObject * object, xmlNodePtr self)
{
  xmlNodePtr children;
  GstElement *element;
  gchar *name = NULL;
  gchar *value = NULL;

  element = GST_ELEMENT (object);
  g_return_if_fail (element != NULL);

  /* parameters */
  children = self->xmlChildrenNode;
  while (children) {
    if (!strcmp (children->name, "param")) {
      xmlNodePtr child = children->xmlChildrenNode;

      while (child) {
        if (!strcmp (child->name, "name")) {
          name = xmlNodeGetContent (child);
        } else if (!strcmp (child->name, "value")) {
          value = xmlNodeGetContent (child);
        }
        child = child->next;
      }
      /* FIXME: can this just be g_object_set ? */
      gst_util_set_object_arg (G_OBJECT (element), name, value);
      /* g_object_set (G_OBJECT (element), name, value, NULL); */
    }
    children = children->next;
  }

  /* pads */
  children = self->xmlChildrenNode;
  while (children) {
    if (!strcmp (children->name, "pad")) {
      gst_pad_load_and_link (children, GST_OBJECT (element));
    }
    children = children->next;
  }

  if (GST_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->restore_thyself)
    (GST_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->restore_thyself) (object, self);
}
#endif /* GST_DISABLE_LOADSAVE */

/**
 * gst_element_yield:
 * @element: a #GstElement to yield.
 *
 * Requests a yield operation for the element. The scheduler will typically
 * give control to another element.
 */
void
gst_element_yield (GstElement * element)
{
  if (GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element)) {
    gst_scheduler_yield (GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element), element);
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_interrupt:
 * @element: a #GstElement to interrupt.
 *
 * Requests the scheduler of this element to interrupt the execution of
 * this element and scheduler another one.
 *
 * Returns: TRUE if the element should exit its chain/loop/get
 * function ASAP, depending on the scheduler implementation.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_interrupt (GstElement * element)
{
  if (GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element)) {
    return gst_scheduler_interrupt (GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element), element);
  } else
    return TRUE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_scheduler:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set the scheduler of.
 * @sched: the #GstScheduler to set.
 *
 * Sets the scheduler of the element.  For internal use only, unless you're
 * writing a new bin subclass.
 */
void
gst_element_set_scheduler (GstElement * element, GstScheduler * sched)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_PARENTAGE, element, "setting scheduler to %p",
      sched);

  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) & GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element),
      GST_OBJECT (sched));
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_scheduler:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the scheduler of.
 *
 * Returns the scheduler of the element.
 *
 * Returns: the element's #GstScheduler.
 */
GstScheduler *
gst_element_get_scheduler (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  return GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_loop_function:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set the loop function of.
 * @loop: Pointer to #GstElementLoopFunction.
 *
 * This sets the loop function for the element.  The function pointed to
 * can deviate from the GstElementLoopFunction definition in type of
 * pointer only.
 *
 * NOTE: in order for this to take effect, the current loop function *must*
 * exit.  Assuming the loop function itself is the only one who will cause
 * a new loopfunc to be assigned, this should be no problem.
 */
void
gst_element_set_loop_function (GstElement * element,
    GstElementLoopFunction loop)
{
  gboolean need_notify = FALSE;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  /* if the element changed from loop based to chain/get based
   * or vice versa, we need to inform the scheduler about that */
  if ((element->loopfunc == NULL && loop != NULL) ||
      (element->loopfunc != NULL && loop == NULL)) {
    need_notify = TRUE;
  }

  /* set the loop function */
  element->loopfunc = loop;

  if (need_notify) {
    /* set the NEW_LOOPFUNC flag so everyone knows to go try again */
    GST_FLAG_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_NEW_LOOPFUNC);

    if (GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element)) {
      gst_scheduler_scheduling_change (GST_ELEMENT_SCHED (element), element);
    }
  }
}
static inline void
gst_element_emit_found_tag (GstElement * element, GstElement * source,
    const GstTagList * tag_list)
{
  gst_object_ref (GST_OBJECT (element));
  g_signal_emit (element, gst_element_signals[FOUND_TAG], 0, source, tag_list);
  gst_object_unref (GST_OBJECT (element));
}
static void
gst_element_found_tag_func (GstElement * element, GstElement * source,
    const GstTagList * tag_list)
{
  /* tell the parent */
  if (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (element)) {
    GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_EVENT, element, "forwarding tag event to %s",
        GST_OBJECT_NAME (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (element)));
    gst_element_emit_found_tag (GST_ELEMENT (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (element)),
        source, tag_list);
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_found_tags:
 * @element: the element that found the tags
 * @tag_list: the found tags
 *
 * This function emits the found_tags signal. This is a recursive signal, so
 * every parent will emit that signal, too, before this function returns.
 * Only emit this signal, when you extracted these tags out of the data stream,
 * not when you handle an event.
 */
void
gst_element_found_tags (GstElement * element, const GstTagList * tag_list)
{
  gst_element_emit_found_tag (element, element, tag_list);
}

/**
 * gst_element_found_tags_for_pad:
 * @element: element that found the tag
 * @pad: src pad the tags correspond to
 * @timestamp: time the tags were found
 * @list: the taglist
 *
 * This is a convenience routine for tag finding. Most of the time you only
 * want to push the found tags down one pad, in that case this function is for
 * you. It takes ownership of the taglist, emits the found-tag signal and pushes 
 * a tag event down the pad.
 * <note>This function may not be used in a #GstPadGetFunction, because it calls 
 * gst_pad_push(). In those functions, call gst_element_found_tags(), create a 
 * tag event with gst_event_new_tag() and return that from your 
 * #GstPadGetFunction.</note>
 */
void
gst_element_found_tags_for_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad,
    GstClockTime timestamp, GstTagList * list)
{
  GstEvent *tag_event;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_REAL_PAD (pad));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_PAD_DIRECTION (pad) == GST_PAD_SRC);
  g_return_if_fail (element == GST_PAD_PARENT (pad));
  g_return_if_fail (list != NULL);

  tag_event = gst_event_new_tag (list);
  GST_EVENT_TIMESTAMP (tag_event) = timestamp;
  gst_element_found_tags (element, gst_event_tag_get_list (tag_event));
  if (GST_PAD_IS_USABLE (pad)) {
    gst_pad_push (pad, GST_DATA (tag_event));
  } else {
    gst_data_unref (GST_DATA (tag_event));
  }
}

static inline void
gst_element_set_eos_recursive (GstElement * element)
{
  /* this function is only called, when we were in PLAYING before. So every 
     parent that's PAUSED was PLAYING before. That means it has reached EOS. */
  GstElement *parent;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_EVENT, "setting recursive EOS on %s",
      GST_OBJECT_NAME (element));
  g_signal_emit (G_OBJECT (element), gst_element_signals[EOS], 0);

  if (!GST_OBJECT_PARENT (element))
    return;

  parent = GST_ELEMENT (GST_OBJECT_PARENT (element));
  if (GST_STATE (parent) == GST_STATE_PAUSED)
    gst_element_set_eos_recursive (parent);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_eos:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set to the EOS state.
 *
 * Perform the actions needed to bring the element in the EOS state.
 */
void
gst_element_set_eos (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_EVENT, "setting EOS on element %s",
      GST_OBJECT_NAME (element));

  if (GST_STATE (element) == GST_STATE_PLAYING) {
    gst_element_set_state (element, GST_STATE_PAUSED);
    gst_element_set_eos_recursive (element);
  } else {
    g_signal_emit (G_OBJECT (element), gst_element_signals[EOS], 0);
  }
}


/**
 * gst_element_state_get_name:
 * @state: a #GstElementState to get the name of.
 *
 * Gets a string representing the given state.
 *
 * Returns: a string with the name of the state.
 */
const gchar *
gst_element_state_get_name (GstElementState state)
{
  switch (state) {
#ifdef GST_DEBUG_COLOR
    case GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING:
      return "NONE_PENDING";
      break;
    case GST_STATE_NULL:
      return "\033[01;34mNULL\033[00m";
      break;
    case GST_STATE_READY:
      return "\033[01;31mREADY\033[00m";
      break;
    case GST_STATE_PLAYING:
      return "\033[01;32mPLAYING\033[00m";
      break;
    case GST_STATE_PAUSED:
      return "\033[01;33mPAUSED\033[00m";
      break;
    default:
      /* This is a memory leak */
      return g_strdup_printf ("\033[01;35;41mUNKNOWN!\033[00m(%d)", state);
#else
    case GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING:
      return "NONE_PENDING";
      break;
    case GST_STATE_NULL:
      return "NULL";
      break;
    case GST_STATE_READY:
      return "READY";
      break;
    case GST_STATE_PLAYING:
      return "PLAYING";
      break;
    case GST_STATE_PAUSED:
      return "PAUSED";
      break;
    default:
      return "UNKNOWN!";
#endif
  }
  return "";
}

static void
gst_element_populate_std_props (GObjectClass * klass, const gchar * prop_name,
    guint arg_id, GParamFlags flags)
{
  GQuark prop_id = g_quark_from_string (prop_name);
  GParamSpec *pspec;

  static GQuark fd_id = 0;
  static GQuark blocksize_id;
  static GQuark bytesperread_id;
  static GQuark dump_id;
  static GQuark filesize_id;
  static GQuark mmapsize_id;
  static GQuark location_id;
  static GQuark offset_id;
  static GQuark silent_id;
  static GQuark touch_id;

  if (!fd_id) {
    fd_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("fd");
    blocksize_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("blocksize");
    bytesperread_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("bytesperread");
    dump_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("dump");
    filesize_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("filesize");
    mmapsize_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("mmapsize");
    location_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("location");
    offset_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("offset");
    silent_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("silent");
    touch_id = g_quark_from_static_string ("touch");
  }

  if (prop_id == fd_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_int ("fd", "File-descriptor",
        "File-descriptor for the file being read", 0, G_MAXINT, 0, flags);
  } else if (prop_id == blocksize_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_ulong ("blocksize", "Block Size",
        "Block size to read per buffer", 0, G_MAXULONG, 4096, flags);

  } else if (prop_id == bytesperread_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_int ("bytesperread", "Bytes per read",
        "Number of bytes to read per buffer", G_MININT, G_MAXINT, 0, flags);

  } else if (prop_id == dump_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_boolean ("dump", "Dump",
        "Dump bytes to stdout", FALSE, flags);

  } else if (prop_id == filesize_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_int64 ("filesize", "File Size",
        "Size of the file being read", 0, G_MAXINT64, 0, flags);

  } else if (prop_id == mmapsize_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_ulong ("mmapsize", "mmap() Block Size",
        "Size in bytes of mmap()d regions", 0, G_MAXULONG, 4 * 1048576, flags);

  } else if (prop_id == location_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_string ("location", "File Location",
        "Location of the file to read", NULL, flags);

  } else if (prop_id == offset_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_int64 ("offset", "File Offset",
        "Byte offset of current read pointer", 0, G_MAXINT64, 0, flags);

  } else if (prop_id == silent_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_boolean ("silent", "Silent", "Don't produce events",
        FALSE, flags);

  } else if (prop_id == touch_id) {
    pspec = g_param_spec_boolean ("touch", "Touch read data",
        "Touch data to force disk read before " "push ()", TRUE, flags);
  } else {
    g_warning ("Unknown - 'standard' property '%s' id %d from klass %s",
        prop_name, arg_id, g_type_name (G_OBJECT_CLASS_TYPE (klass)));
    pspec = NULL;
  }

  if (pspec) {
    g_object_class_install_property (klass, arg_id, pspec);
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_install_std_props:
 * @klass: the #GstElementClass to add the properties to.
 * @first_name: the name of the first property.
 * in a NULL terminated
 * @...: the id and flags of the first property, followed by
 * further 'name', 'id', 'flags' triplets and terminated by NULL.
 * 
 * Adds a list of standardized properties with types to the @klass.
 * the id is for the property switch in your get_prop method, and
 * the flags determine readability / writeability.
 **/
void
gst_element_class_install_std_props (GstElementClass * klass,
    const gchar * first_name, ...)
{
  const char *name;

  va_list args;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass));

  va_start (args, first_name);

  name = first_name;

  while (name) {
    int arg_id = va_arg (args, int);
    int flags = va_arg (args, int);

    gst_element_populate_std_props ((GObjectClass *) klass, name, arg_id,
        flags);

    name = va_arg (args, char *);
  }

  va_end (args);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_managing_bin:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the managing bin of.
 * 
 * Gets the managing bin (a pipeline or a thread, for example) of an element.
 *
 * Returns: the #GstBin, or NULL on failure.
 **/
GstBin *
gst_element_get_managing_bin (GstElement * element)
{
  GstBin *bin;

  g_return_val_if_fail (element != NULL, NULL);

  bin = GST_BIN (gst_object_get_parent (GST_OBJECT (element)));

  while (bin && !GST_FLAG_IS_SET (GST_OBJECT (bin), GST_BIN_FLAG_MANAGER))
    bin = GST_BIN (gst_object_get_parent (GST_OBJECT (bin)));

  return bin;
}