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README.md
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# GStreamer command-line cheat sheet # GStreamer command-line cheat sheet
This series of docs provides a cheat sheet for GStreamer on the command-line. [GStreamer](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/) is a powerful library for manipulating audio and video - including live streams. This repo provides:
A few Python examples are also [included](python_examples/) for when you need GStreamer to be dynamic (i.e. react to user or some other action). * a cheat sheet for GStreamer on the command-line, and
* a few [Python examples](python_examples/).
Whilst the command line is great, programmatic usage (in Python or another language) allows you to dynamically manipulate the A/V streams.
## Contents ## Contents
* [Installing](installing.md)
* [Basics](basics.md) * [Basics](basics.md)
* [Test streams](test_streams.md) * [Test streams](test_streams.md)
* [RTMP](rtmp.md) * [RTMP](rtmp.md)
@ -21,16 +25,15 @@ A few Python examples are also [included](python_examples/) for when you need GS
## Sources and references ## Sources and references
* [Basic command line reference](http://docs.gstreamer.com/display/GstSDK/Basic+tutorial+10%3A+GStreamer+tools) * [Basic command line reference](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/tutorials/basic/gstreamer-tools.html?gi-language=c)
* [Pipeline examples](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/tools/gst-launch.html#pipeline-examples) * [Pipeline examples](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/tools/gst-launch.html#pipeline-examples)
* [List of all Gstreamer plugins](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/plugins.html) * [List of all Gstreamer plugins](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/plugins_doc.html?gi-language=c)
* [Handy elements](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/tutorials/basic/handy-elements.html#uridecodebin) * [Handy elements](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/tutorials/basic/handy-elements.html#uridecodebin)
## Other cheat-sheets ## Other cheat-sheets
* http://wiki.oz9aec.net/index.php/Gstreamer_cheat_sheet * <https://github.com/xmementoit/gstreamerCheatsheet/blob/master/README.md>
* https://github.com/xmementoit/gstreamerCheatsheet/blob/master/README.md * <https://gist.github.com/nebgnahz/26a60cd28f671a8b7f522e80e75a9aa5>
* https://gist.github.com/nebgnahz/26a60cd28f671a8b7f522e80e75a9aa5
## Interacting with the GStreamer pipeline ## Interacting with the GStreamer pipeline
@ -64,4 +67,4 @@ If you spot anything incorrect or incomplete, reports are welcome, either using
# My GStreamer project # My GStreamer project
Creating this guide gave me enough GStreamer understanding to make [Brave](https://github.com/bbc/brave), a live video editor for the cloud. Creating this guide gave me enough GStreamer understanding to make a prototype [Brave](https://github.com/bbc/brave), a live video editor for the cloud. (Regrettably this prototype has not been updated in a few years.)

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# Basics (GStreamer command-line cheat sheet) # Basics (GStreamer command-line cheat sheet)
## Playing content ## Playing content
These examples assume that bash variable `SRC` to be set to a video file (e.g. an mp4 file). You can do this by, e.g. These examples assume that bash variable `SRC` to be set to a video file (e.g. an mp4 file). You can do this by, e.g.
@ -9,7 +8,6 @@ These examples assume that bash variable `SRC` to be set to a video file (e.g. a
export SRC=/home/me/videos/test.mp4 export SRC=/home/me/videos/test.mp4
``` ```
### Play a video (with audio) ### Play a video (with audio)
The magical element `playbin` can play anything: The magical element `playbin` can play anything:
@ -30,7 +28,6 @@ gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=$SRC ! \
decodebin ! videoconvert ! videoscale ! autovideosink decodebin ! videoconvert ! videoscale ! autovideosink
``` ```
### Play a video (no audio) ### Play a video (no audio)
``` ```
@ -43,7 +40,6 @@ which could also have been done as:
gst-launch-1.0 -v filesrc location="$SRC" ! decodebin ! autovideosink gst-launch-1.0 -v filesrc location="$SRC" ! decodebin ! autovideosink
``` ```
### Play just the audio from a video ### Play just the audio from a video
``` ```
@ -66,7 +62,7 @@ gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=$SRC ! decodebin ! tee name=t ! queue ! audiocon
### Add filters ### Add filters
Go slightly mad: Here's the 'vertigo' filter:
``` ```
gst-launch-1.0 -v filesrc location="$SRC" ! decodebin ! videoconvert ! vertigotv ! autovideosink gst-launch-1.0 -v filesrc location="$SRC" ! decodebin ! videoconvert ! vertigotv ! autovideosink
@ -74,7 +70,7 @@ gst-launch-1.0 -v filesrc location="$SRC" ! decodebin ! videoconvert ! vertigotv
Try also ‘rippletv’, ‘streaktv’, ‘radioactv’, ‘optv’, ‘quarktv’, ‘revtv’, ‘shagadelictv’, ‘warptv’ (I like), ‘dicetv’, ‘agingtv’ (great), ‘edgetv’ (could be great on real stuff) Try also ‘rippletv’, ‘streaktv’, ‘radioactv’, ‘optv’, ‘quarktv’, ‘revtv’, ‘shagadelictv’, ‘warptv’ (I like), ‘dicetv’, ‘agingtv’ (great), ‘edgetv’ (could be great on real stuff)
### Add A clock ### Add a clock
``` ```
gst-launch-1.0 -v filesrc location="$SRC" ! decodebin ! clockoverlay font-desc="Sans, 48" ! videoconvert ! autovideosink gst-launch-1.0 -v filesrc location="$SRC" ! decodebin ! clockoverlay font-desc="Sans, 48" ! videoconvert ! autovideosink
@ -88,7 +84,7 @@ gst-launch-1.0 -v filesrc location="$SRC" ! decodebin ! videoconvert ! videoscal
### Change framerate ### Change framerate
Changing framerate is quiet common, as the world does not have a consistent standard. Facebook Live wants 30fps, YouTube wants 30 or 60fps. There's a nice summary on the [Apple FCP site](https://documentation.apple.com/en/finalcutpro/usermanual/index.html#chapter=D%26section=4%26tasks=true). Changing framerate is quiet common, as the world does not have a consistent standard. Facebook Live wants 30fps, for example.
Change framerate: Change framerate:

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# Installing (GStreamer command-line cheat sheet)
## Packages
Installing GStreamer is not enough. GStreamer is built on a large number of plugins, which are split into four packages:
* *Base*: Reliable, commonly used, high-quality plug-ins
* *Good*: Additional plug-ins that are also reliable and high-quality
* *Bad*: Plugins that are potentially unreliable
* *Ugly*: Plugins that may bring concerns, often around licensing
(Full definition of these packages [in this readme](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer/-/blob/main/subprojects/gst-plugins-bad/README.md).)
You can choose which you install - you'll almost certainly need base, and potentially the others.
You can see which package a plugin belongs in the [Plugins API reference](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/plugins_doc.html?gi-language=c).
You can get a list of all installed plugins with:
```
gst-inspect-1.0
```
## Installing on MacOS
The easiest way to install on MacOS is using Homebrew. There is a [GStreamer](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/gstreamer) package, and additional packages for the base/good/bad/ugly plugins.
Example:
```
brew install gstreamer gst-plugins-base gst-plugins-good
```
There are many dependencies so this can take time to run!
You can also compile and install yourself - see (https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/installing/on-mac-osx.html).
## Installing on Ubuntu Linux
The GStreamer APT packages are excellent.
For a good install command, see `https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/installing/on-linux.html?gi-language=c`.
## Installing on other platfoms
See (https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/installing/index.html?gi-language=c)