## Can I host my instance at `fedi.example.org` but have just `@example.org` in my username?
Yes, you can! This is useful when you have something like a personal page or blog at `example.org`, but you also want your fediverse account to have `example.org` in it to avoid confusing people, or just because it looks nicer than `fedi.example.org`.
Please note that you need to do this *BEFORE RUNNING GOTOSOCIAL* for the first time, or things will likely break.
An additional thing to keep in mind is that there is no good way for applications to detect if you're running this style of deployment. Therefor you should recommend that folks use `fedi.example.org` as the instance to login to in any client application.
Some applications do have heuristics built-in to try and detect this situation and make login from either domain possible. That heuristic relies on `/api/v1/instance` or `/api/v1/apps` not responding on `example.org`. When that happens they'll do a fallback lookup by requesting `example.org/.well-known/host-meta`. You need to ensure that this endpoint is properly redirected to `fedi.example.org` as shown in our examples below. It is crucial you don't redirect `/api` or any of its subpaths from `example.org` to `fedi.example.org`, but only the well-known endpoints, to not break this heuristic.
In the settings, GoToSocial differentiates between `host`--the address at which your instance is accessible--and `account-domain`--which is the domain you want to show in accounts.
Behold, from the example config.yaml file:
```yaml
# String. Hostname that this server will be reachable at. Defaults to localhost for local testing,
# but you should *definitely* change this when running for real, or your server won't work at all.
# DO NOT change this after your server has already run once, or you will break things!
# Examples: ["gts.example.org","some.server.com"]
# Default: "localhost"
host: "localhost"
# String. Domain to use when federating profiles. This is useful when you want your server to be at
# eg., "gts.example.org", but you want the domain on accounts to be "example.org" because it looks better
# or is just shorter/easier to remember.
#
# To make this setting work properly, you need to redirect requests at "example.org/.well-known/webfinger"
# to "gts.example.org/.well-known/webfinger" so that GtS can handle them properly.
#
# You should also redirect requests at "example.org/.well-known/nodeinfo" in the same way.
# You should also redirect requests at "example.org/.well-known/host-meta" in the same way. This endpoint is used by a number of clients to discover the API endpoint to use when the host and account domain are different.
The first value, `host`, is simple. In our scenario of wanting to run the GtS instance at `fedi.example.org`, this should be set to, yep, `fedi.example.org`.
The second value, `account-domain` should be set to `example.org`, to indicate that that's the domain we want accounts to be displayed with.
IMPORTANT: `account-domain` must be a *parent domain* of `host`, and `host` must be a *subdomain* of `account-domain`. So if your `host` is `fedi.example.org`, your `account-domain` cannot be `somewhere.else.com` or `example.com`, it **has to be**`example.org`.
### Step 2: Redirect from `example.org` to `fedi.example.org`
The next step is more difficult: we need to ensure that when remote instances search for the user `@user@example.org` via webfinger, they end up being pointed towards `fedi.example.org`, where our instance is actually hosted.
Of course, we don't want to redirect *all* requests from `example.org` to `fedi.example.org` because that negates the purpose of having a separate domain in the first place, so we need to be specific.
In the config.yaml above, there are three endpoints mentioned, all of which we need to redirect: `/.well-known/webfinger`, `/.well-known/nodeinfo` and `/.well-known/host-meta`.
Assuming we have an [nginx](https://nginx.org) reverse proxy running on `example.org`, we can get the redirect behavior we want by adding the following to the nginx config for `example.org`:
The above configuration [rewrites](https://www.nginx.com/blog/creating-nginx-rewrite-rules/) queries to `example.org/.well-known/webfinger`, `example.org/.well-known/nodeinfo` and `example.org/.well-known/host-meta` to their `fedi.example.org` counterparts while preserving any query arguments, making it easier to follow the redirect.
Once you've done steps 1 and 2, proceed as normal with the rest of your GoToSocial installation.
### Supplemental: how does this work?
With the configuration we put in place in the steps above, when someone from another instance looks up `@user@example.org`, their instance will perform a webfinger request to `example.org/.well-known/webfinger?resource:acct=user@example.org` in order to discover a link to an ActivityPub representation of that user's account. They will then be redirected to `https://fedi.example.org/.well-known/webfinger?resource:acct=user@example.org`, and their query will be resolved.
The webfinger response returned by GoToSocial (and indeed Mastodon, and other ActivityPub implementations) contains the desired account domain in the `subject` part of the response, and provides links to aliases that should be used to query the account.
Here's an example of this working for the `superseriousbusiness.org` GoToSocial instance, which is hosted at `gts.superseriousbusiness.org`.
In the above response, note that the `subject` of the response contains the desired account-domain of `superseriousbusiness.org`, whereas the links contain the actual host value of `gts.superseriousbusiness.org`.
## Can I make my GoToSocial instance use a proxy (http, https, socks5) for outgoing requests?
Yes! GoToSocial supports canonical environment variables for doing this: `HTTP_PROXY`, `HTTPS_PROXY` and `NO_PROXY` (or the lowercase versions thereof). `HTTPS_PROXY` takes precedence over `HTTP_PROXY` for https requests.
The http client that GoToSocial uses will be initialized with the appropriate proxy.
The environment values may be either a complete URL or a `host[:port]`, in which case the "http" scheme is assumed. The schemes "http", "https", and "socks5" are supported.
This section contains a number of additional things for configuring nginx.
### Extra Hardening
If you want to harden up your NGINX deployment with advanced configuration options, there are many guides online for doing so ([for example](https://beaglesecurity.com/blog/article/nginx-server-security.html)). Try to find one that's up to date. Mozilla also publishes best-practice ssl configuration [here](https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/).
It's possible to use nginx to cache webfinger, host-meta and public key responses. This may be useful in order to ensure clients still get a response on these endpoints even if your GoToSocial instance is (temporarily) down, or requests are being throttled.
This configures a cache of 10MB whose entries will be kept up to one week if they're not accessed.
The zone is named `gotosocial_ap_public_responses` but you can name it whatever you want. 10MB is a lot of cache keys; you can probably use a smaller value on small instances.
Second, we need to update our GoToSocial nginx configuration to actually use the cache for the endpoints we want to cache.
From the below configuration example, copy the entries between `### NEW STUFF STARTS HERE ###` and `### NEW STUFF ENDS HERE ###` and paste them into your GoToSocial nginx configuration.
-`proxy_cache gotosocial_ap_public_responses` tells nginx to use the `gotosocial_ap_public_responses` cache zone we previously created. If you named it something else, you should change this value
-`proxy_cache_background_update on` means nginx will try and refresh a cached resource that's about to expire in the background, to ensure it has a current copy on disk
-`proxy_cache_key` is configured in such a way that it takes the query string into account for caching. So a request for `.well-known/webfinger?acct=user1@example.org` and `.well-known/webfinger?acct=user2@example.org` are not seen as the same.
-`proxy_cache_valid 200 10m;` means we only cache 200 responses from GTS and for 10 minutes. You can add additional lines of these, like `proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;` to cache 404 responses for 1 minute
-`proxy_cache_use_stale` tells nginx it's allowed to use a stale cache entry (so older than 10 minutes) in certain cases
-`proxy_cache_lock on` means that if a resource is not cached and there's multiple concurrent requests for them, the queries will be queued up so that only one request goes through and the rest is then answered from cache
-`add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status` will add an `X-Cache-Status` header to the response so you can check if things are getting cached. You can remove this.
The provided configuration will serve a stale response in case there's an error proxying to GoToSocial, if our connection to GoToSocial times out, if GoToSocial returns a `5xx` status code or if GoToSocial returns 429 (Too Many Requests). The `updating` value says that we're allowed to serve a stale entry if nginx is currently in the process of refreshing its cache. Because we configured `inactive=1w` in the `proxy_cache_path` directive, nginx may serve a response up to one week old if the conditions in `proxy_cache_use_stale` are met.
By default, GTS will serve assets like the CSS and fonts for the web UI as well as attachments for statuses. However it's very simple to have nginx do this instead and offload GTS from that responsibility. Nginx can generally do a faster job at this too since it's able to use newer functionality in the OS that the Go runtime hasn't necessarily adopted yet.
There are 2 paths that nginx can handle for us:
*`/assets` which contains fonts, CSS, images etc. for the web UI
*`/fileserver` which serves attachments for status posts when using the local storage backend
For `/assets` we'll need the value of `web-asset-base-dir` from the configuration, and for `/fileserver` we'll want `storage-local-base-path`. You can then adjust your nginx configuration like this:
The `/fileserver` location is a bit special. When we fail to fetch the media from disk, we want to proxy the request on to GoToSocial so it can try and fetch it. This can be necessary if the media has been removed from disk due to retention settings. The `try_files` directive can't take a `proxy_pass` itself so instead we created the named `@fileserver` location that we pass in last to `try_files`.
The trailing slashes in the new `location` directives and the `alias` are significant, do not remove those. The `expires` directive adds the necessary headers to inform the client how long it may cache the resource. For assets, which may change on each release, 5 minutes is used in this example. For attachments, which should never change once they're created, `max` is used instead setting the cache expiry to the 31st of December 2037. For other options, see the nginx documentation on the [`expires` directive](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_headers_module.html#expires). Nginx does not add cache headers to 4xx or 5xx response codes so a failure to fetch an asset won't get cached by clients. The `autoindex off` directive tells nginx to not serve a directory listing. This should be the default but it doesn't hurt to be explicit. The added `add_header` lines set additional options for the `Cache-Control` header:
*`public` is used to indicate that anyone may cache this resource
*`immutable` is used to indicate this resource will never change while it is fresh (it's before the end of the expires) allowing clients to forego conditional requests to revalidate the resource during that timespan
