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# kLoop
kLoop is an implementation of the Python
[asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html) event loop written
in [Cython](https://cython.org/), using
[io_uring](https://unixism.net/loti/what_is_io_uring.html) and
[kTLS](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/tls-offload.html)
features of the Linux kernel, therefore called k(ernel)Loop.
kLoop is open-sourced and released under the
[MulanPSL - 2.0 license](http://license.coscl.org.cn/MulanPSL2).
**⚠WARNING: THIS PROJECT IS IN PROOF-OF-CONCEPT STAGE!⚠️**
## Features
* **Minimum syscalls** - all I/O calls are done in the kernel thanks to
io_uring, and the only remaining syscall to `io_uring_enter()` is also
optimized to be only called when necessary using the `SQPOLL` feature. That
means most of the overhead of syscalls is gone;
* **No GIL in the main-loop** - the hot-path is written in Cython without GIL,
that means it's compiled into pure C code without Python structures, saving
some memory and execution time. On the other hand, GIL is only taken before
Python callbacks, so it's slightly more friendly to multithreading, which is
still not recommended though.
* **TLS offloading** - all symmetric-key encryption and decryption work is
offloaded to the NIC if supported, or to the thread pool of io_uring
otherwise. This allows us to free up CPU for more I/O, or leverage all the
CPU cores even if the application is running single-threaded.
* **Asynchronous DNS resolving** - we blended in the Rust
[trust-dns](https://github.com/bluejekyll/trust-dns/) library with a custom
I/O runtime bridging to io_uring in C (including reading the
`/etc/resolv.conf` and `/etc/hosts` files), providing flexible APIs to manage
the concurrency, cache and configuration in Python.
## Requirements
* Python >= 3.10
* Linux >= 5.11 (enable kTLS with `modprobe tls`)
* OpenSSL >= 3.0 (kTLS receive offloading requires the latest development
version)
Development and testing is done on Ubuntu 22.04.
## Architecture Diagram
![architecture.png](architecture.png)
Looks like the Lucky Charms factory, says @aaronbrighton ...

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# kLoop
[English](README.en.md)
kLoop 是一个 Python
[asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html)
事件循环的实现,主要用 [Cython](https://cython.org/) 编写,重点使用了 Linux 内核的
[io_uring](https://unixism.net/loti/what_is_io_uring.html) 和
kLoop is an implementation of the Python
[asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html) event loop written
in [Cython](https://cython.org/), using
[io_uring](https://unixism.net/loti/what_is_io_uring.html) and
[kTLS](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/tls-offload.html)
功能,故称作 k(ernel)Loop。
features of the Linux kernel, therefore called k(ernel)Loop.
您可在[木兰宽松许可证, 第2版](http://license.coscl.org.cn/MulanPSL2)允许的范围内使用
kLoop 的源代码或发行版。
kLoop is open-sourced and released under the
[MulanPSL - 2.0 license](http://license.coscl.org.cn/MulanPSL2).
**⚠️警告:项目仍在概念验证当中,满地都是坑!⚠️**
**⚠️WARNING: THIS PROJECT IS IN PROOF-OF-CONCEPT STAGE!⚠️**
## 主要特性
## Features
* **系统调用次数非常少**:得益于 io_uring所有 I/O 调用都由内核完成;因为启用了
`SQPOLL`,唯一的系统调用 `io_uring_enter()`
也仅在必要时才会用到,因此节省下了几乎所有系统调用的额外开销;
* **主循环主体不占有 GIL**:虽然使用了 Cython 编写,但大部分最核心的代码都被编译为不需要
Python 结构的普通 C 代码,一方面节省内存开销和处理时间,另一方面不持有 GIL仅在有
Python 回调时才上 GIL 锁,对多线程稍微友好一点,但还是推荐单线程跑;
* **内核网卡代工 TLS**如果硬件支持TLS 通讯的全部对称加密解密皆由网卡完成,空出 CPU
来做更多的 I/O即使网卡不支持io_uring
也可以在内核中开多线程来执行对称加解密,不受应用端单线程的限制,充分利用多核 CPU
* **纯异步 DNS 解析**:混编进了 Rust 写的
[trust-dns](https://github.com/bluejekyll/trust-dns/)I/O 层直接走
io_uring包括加载 `/etc/resolv.conf``/etc/hosts` 文件),在 C 和 Rust
之间互相调用完成 DNS 解析,并且提供了更加灵活的 Python 接口来控制并发、缓存和配置文件。
* **Minimum syscalls** - all I/O calls are done in the kernel thanks to
io_uring, and the only remaining syscall to `io_uring_enter()` is also
optimized to be only called when necessary using the `SQPOLL` feature. That
means most of the overhead of syscalls is gone;
* **No GIL in the main-loop** - the hot-path is written in Cython without GIL,
that means it's compiled into pure C code without Python structures, saving
some memory and execution time. On the other hand, GIL is only taken before
Python callbacks, so it's slightly more friendly to multithreading, which is
still not recommended though.
* **TLS offloading** - all symmetric-key encryption and decryption work is
offloaded to the NIC if supported, or to the thread pool of io_uring
otherwise. This allows us to free up CPU for more I/O, or leverage all the
CPU cores even if the application is running single-threaded.
* **Asynchronous DNS resolving** - we blended in the Rust
[trust-dns](https://github.com/bluejekyll/trust-dns/) library with a custom
I/O runtime bridging to io_uring in C (including reading the
`/etc/resolv.conf` and `/etc/hosts` files), providing flexible APIs to manage
the concurrency, cache and configuration in Python.
## 环境需求
## Requirements
* Python >= 3.10
* Linux >= 5.11 (用 `modprobe tls` 命令来启用 kTLS 模块)
* OpenSSL >= 3.0(支持 kTLS 收包代工需要最新的开发版本)
* Linux >= 5.11 (enable kTLS with `modprobe tls`)
* OpenSSL >= 3.0 (kTLS receive offloading requires the latest development
version)
目前主要是在 Ubuntu 22.04 上开发测试的。
Development and testing is done on Ubuntu 22.04.
## 架构图
## Architecture Diagram
![架构图.png](architecture.png)
![architecture.png](architecture.png)
@aaronbrighton 说像 Lucky Charms 卡通麦片工厂……
Looks like the Lucky Charms factory, says @aaronbrighton ...

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# kLoop
[English](README.en.md)
kLoop 是一个 Python
[asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html)
事件循环的实现,主要用 [Cython](https://cython.org/) 编写,重点使用了 Linux 内核的
[io_uring](https://unixism.net/loti/what_is_io_uring.html) 和
[kTLS](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/tls-offload.html)
功能,故称作 k(ernel)Loop。
您可在[木兰宽松许可证, 第2版](http://license.coscl.org.cn/MulanPSL2)允许的范围内使用
kLoop 的源代码或发行版。
**⚠️警告:项目仍在概念验证当中,满地都是坑!⚠️**
## 主要特性
* **系统调用次数非常少**:得益于 io_uring所有 I/O 调用都由内核完成;因为启用了
`SQPOLL`,唯一的系统调用 `io_uring_enter()`
也仅在必要时才会用到,因此节省下了几乎所有系统调用的额外开销;
* **主循环主体不占有 GIL**:虽然使用了 Cython 编写,但大部分最核心的代码都被编译为不需要
Python 结构的普通 C 代码,一方面节省内存开销和处理时间,另一方面不持有 GIL仅在有
Python 回调时才上 GIL 锁,对多线程稍微友好一点,但还是推荐单线程跑;
* **内核网卡代工 TLS**如果硬件支持TLS 通讯的全部对称加密解密皆由网卡完成,空出 CPU
来做更多的 I/O即使网卡不支持io_uring
也可以在内核中开多线程来执行对称加解密,不受应用端单线程的限制,充分利用多核 CPU
* **纯异步 DNS 解析**:混编进了 Rust 写的
[trust-dns](https://github.com/bluejekyll/trust-dns/)I/O 层直接走
io_uring包括加载 `/etc/resolv.conf``/etc/hosts` 文件),在 C 和 Rust
之间互相调用完成 DNS 解析,并且提供了更加灵活的 Python 接口来控制并发、缓存和配置文件。
## 环境需求
* Python >= 3.10
* Linux >= 5.11 (用 `modprobe tls` 命令来启用 kTLS 模块)
* OpenSSL >= 3.0(支持 kTLS 收包代工需要最新的开发版本)
目前主要是在 Ubuntu 22.04 上开发测试的。
## 架构图
![架构图.png](architecture.png)
@aaronbrighton 说像 Lucky Charms 卡通麦片工厂……