gstreamer/docs/manual/advanced-position.xml

<chapter id="chapter-queryevents">
  <title>Position tracking and seeking</title>

  <para>
    So far, we've looked at how to create a pipeline to do media processing
    and how to make it run ("iterate"). Most application developers will be
    interested in providing feedback to the user on media progress. Media
    players, for example, will want to show a slider showing the progress in
    the song, and usually also a label indicating stream length. Transcoding
    applications will want to show a progress bar on how much % of the task
    is done. &GStreamer; has built-in support for doing all this using a
    concept known as <emphasis>querying</emphasis>. Since seeking is very
    similar, it will be discussed here as well. Seeking is done using the
    concept of <emphasis>events</emphasis>.
  </para>

  <sect1 id="section-querying">
    <title>Querying: getting the position or length of a stream</title>

    <para>
      Querying is defined as requesting a specific stream-property related
      to progress tracking. This includes getting the length of a stream (if
      available) or getting the current position. Those stream properties
      can be retrieved in various formats such as time, audio samples, video
      frames or bytes. The functions used are <function>gst_element_query
      ()</function> and <function>gst_pad_query ()</function>.
    </para>

    <para>
      Obviously, using either of the above-mentioned functions requires the
      application to know <emphasis>which</emphasis> element or pad to run
      the query on. This is tricky, but there are some good sides to the
      story. The good thing is that elements (or, rather, pads - since
      <function>gst_element_query ()</function> internally calls
      <function>gst_pad_query ()</function>) forward (<quote>dispatch</quote>)
      events and queries to peer pads (or elements) if they don't handle it
      themselves. The bad side is that some elements (or pads) will handle
      events, but not the specific formats that you want, and therefore it
      still won't work.
    </para>

    <para>
      Most queries will, fortunately, work fine. Queries are always
      dispatched backwards. This means, effectively, that it's easiest to
      run the query on your video or audio output element, and it will take
      care of dispatching the query to the element that knows the answer
      (such as the current position or the media length; usually the demuxer
      or decoder).
    </para>

    <programlisting><!-- example-begin query.c a -->
#include &lt;gst/gst.h&gt;

gint
main (gint   argc,
      gchar *argv[])
{
  GstElement *sink, *pipeline;
<!-- example-end query.c a -->
[..]<!-- example-begin query.c b --><!--
  gchar *l;

  /* init */
  gst_init (&amp;argc, &amp;argv);

  /* args */
  if (argc != 2) {
    g_print ("Usage: %s &lt;filename&gt;\n", argv[0]);
    return -1;
  }

  /* build pipeline, the easy way */
  l = g_strdup_printf ("filesrc location=\"%s\" ! oggdemux ! vorbisdec ! "
		       "audioconvert ! audioscale ! alsasink name=a",
		       argv[1]);
  pipeline = gst_parse_launch (l, NULL);
  sink = gst_bin_get_by_name (GST_BIN (pipeline), "a");
  g_free (l);

  /* play */
  gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
--><!-- example-end query.c b -->
<!-- example-begin query.c c -->
  /* run pipeline */
  do {
    gint64 len, pos;
    GstFormat fmt = GST_FORMAT_TIME;

    if (gst_element_query (sink, GST_QUERY_POSITION, &amp;fmt, &amp;pos) &amp;&amp;
        gst_element_query (sink, GST_QUERY_TOTAL, &amp;fmt, &amp;len)) {
      g_print ("Time: %" GST_TIME_FORMAT " / %" GST_TIME_FORMAT "\r",
	       GST_TIME_ARGS (pos), GST_TIME_ARGS (len));
    }
  } while (gst_bin_iterate (GST_BIN (pipeline)));
<!-- example-end query.c c -->
[..]<!-- example-begin query.c d --><!--
  /* clean up */
  gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
  gst_object_unref (GST_OBJECT (pipeline));

  return 0;
--><!-- example-end query.c d -->
<!-- example-begin query.c e -->
}
    <!-- example-end query.c e --></programlisting>
    <para>
      If you are having problems with the dispatching behaviour, your best
      bet is to manually decide which element to start running the query on.
      You can get a list of supported formats and query-types with
      <function>gst_element_get_query_types ()</function> and
      <function>gst_element_get_formats ()</function>.
    </para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="section-eventsseek">
    <title>Events: seeking (and more)</title>

    <para>
      Events work in a very similar way as queries. Dispatching, for
      example, works exactly the same for events (and also has the same
      limitations). Although there are more ways in which applications
      and elements can interact using events, we will only focus on seeking
      here. This is done using the seek-event. A seek-event contains a
      seeking offset, a seek method (which indicates relative to what the
      offset was given), a seek format (which is the unit of the offset,
      e.g. time, audio samples, video frames or bytes) and optionally a
      set of seeking-related flags (e.g. whether internal buffers should be
      flushed). The behaviour of a seek is also wrapped in the function
      <function>gst_element_seek ()</function>.
    </para>

    <programlisting>
static void
seek_to_time (GstElement *audiosink,
	      gint64      time_nanonseconds)
{
  gst_element_seek (audiosink,
		    GST_SEEK_METHOD_SET | GST_FORMAT_TIME |
		    GST_SEEK_FLAG_FLUSH, time_nanoseconds);
}
    </programlisting>
  </sect1>
</chapter>