gstreamer/docs

README 
------

(Last updated on Fri 30 jan 2009, version 0.10.1.1)

This HOWTO describes the basic usage of the GStreamer RTSP libraries and how you
can build simple server applications with it.

* General

 The server relies heavily on the RTSP infrastructure of GStreamer. This includes
 all of the media acquisition, decoding, encoding, payloading and UDP/TCP
 streaming. We use the gstrtpbin element for all the session management. Most of
 the RTSP message parsing and construction in the server is done using the RTSP
 library that comes with gst-plugins-base. 

 The result is that the server is rather small (a few 1000 lines of code) and easy
 to understand and extend. In its current state of development, things change
 fast, API and ABI are unstable. We encourage people to use it for their various
 use cases and participate by suggesting changes/features.

 Most of the server is built as a library containing a bunch of GObject objects
 that provide reasonable default functionality but has a fair amount of hooks
 to override the default behaviour.

 The server currently integrates with the glib mainloop nicely. It is also a
 heavy user of multiple threads. It's currently not meant to be used in
 high-load scenarios and you should probably not put it on a public IP address.

* Initialisation

 You need to initialize GStreamer before using any of the RTSP server functions.

   #include <gst/gst.h>

   int
   main (int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     gst_init (&argc, &argv);

     ...
   }
 
 The server itself currently does not have any specific initialisation function
 but that might change in the future.


* Creating the server

 The first thing you want to do is create a new GstRTSPServer object. This object
 will handle all the new client connections to your server once it is added to a
 GMainLoop. You can create a new server object like this:

   #include <gst/rtsp-server/rtsp-server.h>

   GstRTSPServer *server;

   server = gst_rtsp_server_new ();

 The server will by default listen on port 8554 for new connections. This can be
 changed by calling gst_rtsp_server_set_port() or with the 'port' GObject
 property. This makes it possible to run multiple server instances listening on
 multiple ports on one machine.

 We can make the server start listening on its default port by attaching it to a
 mainloop. The following example shows how this is done and will start a server
 on the default 8554 port. For any request we make, we will get a NOT_FOUND
 error code because we need to configure more things before the server becomes
 useful.

   #include <gst/gst.h>
   #include <gst/rtsp-server/rtsp-server.h>

   int
   main (int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     GstRTSPServer *server;
     GMainLoop *loop;

     gst_init (&argc, &argv);

     server = gst_rtsp_server_new ();

     /* make a mainloop for the default context */
     loop = g_main_loop_new (NULL, FALSE);

     /* attach the server to the default maincontext */
     gst_rtsp_server_attach (server, NULL);

     /* start serving */
     g_main_loop_run (loop);
   }

 The server manages two other objects: GstRTSPSessionPool and
 GstRTSPMediaMapping. 

 The GstRTSPSessionPool is an object that keeps track of all the active sessions
 in the server. A session will usually be kept for each client that performed a
 SETUP request for a certain media stream. It contains the configuration that
 the client negotiated with the server to receive the particular stream, ie. the
 transport used and port pairs for UDP along with the state of the streaming.
 The default implementation of the session pool is usually sufficient but
 alternative implementation can be used by the server.

 The GstRTSPMediaMapping object is more interesting and needs more configuration
 before the server object is useful. This object manages to mapping from a
 request URL to a specific stream and its configuration. We explain in the next
 topic how to configure this object.

* Making url mappings

 Next we need to define what media is attached to a particular URL. What we want
 to achieve is that when the user asks our server for a specific URL, say /test,
 that we create (or reuse) a GStreamer pipeline that produces one or more RTP
 streams. 
 
 The object that can create such pipeline is called a GstRTSPMediaFactory object. 
 The default implementation of GstRTSPMediaFactory allows you to easily create
 GStreamer pipelines using the gst-launch syntax. It possible to create a
 GstRTSPMediaFactory subclass that uses different methods for constructing
 pipelines.

 The default GstRTSPMediaFactory can be configured with a gst-launch line that
 produces a toplevel bin (use '(' and ')' around the pipeline description to
 force a toplevel GstBin instead of the default GstPipeline toplevel element).
 The pipeline description should contain elements named payN, one for each
 stream (ex. pay0, pay1, ...). Also, for increased compatibility each stream
 should have a different payload type which can be configured on the payloader.

 The following code snippet illustrates how to create a media factory that
 creates an RTP feed of an H264 encoded test video signal.

   GstRTSPMediaFactory *factory;

   factory = gst_rtsp_media_factory_new ();

   gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_launch (factory, 
                "( videotestsrc ! x264enc ! rtph264pay pt=96 name=pay0 )");

 Now that we have the media factory, we can attach it to a specific url. To do
 this we get the default GstRTSPMediaMapping from our server and add the url to
 factory mapping to it like this:

   GstRTSPMediaMapping *mapping;

   ...create server..create factory..

   /* get the default mapping from the server */
   mapping = gst_rtsp_server_get_media_mapping (server);

   /* attach the video test signal to the "/test" URL */
   gst_rtsp_media_mapping_add_factory (mapping, "/test", factory);
   g_object_unref (mapping);

 When starting the server now and directing an RTP client to the URL (like with 
 vlc, mplayer or gstreamer):

   rtsp://localhost:8554/test 

 a test signal will be streamed to the client. The full example code can be
 found in the examples/test-readme.c file.