gstreamer/ext/opencv/gstcameracalibrate.cpp

/*
 * GStreamer
 * Copyright (C) <2017> Philippe Renon <philippe_renon@yahoo.fr>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
 * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 (the "LGPL"), in
 * which case the following provisions apply instead of the ones
 * mentioned above:
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Library General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
 * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 */

/**
 * SECTION:element-cameraundistort
 *
 * This element performs camera calibration.
 * 
 * Once the calibration procedure is done:
 *  - An event, containing the camera correction parameters, is sent upstream
 *    and downstream to be consumed by cameraundistort elements.
 *  - The _settings_ property is set to the camera correction parameters (as
 *    an opaque string of serialized OpenCV objects).
 *    The value of this property can later be used to configure a
 *    cameraundistort element.
 *  - The element becomes idle and can later be restarted [TODO].
 * 
 * Based on this tutorial: https://docs.opencv.org/2.4/doc/tutorials/calib3d/camera_calibration/camera_calibration.html
 *
 * <refsect2>
 * <title>Example pipelines</title>
 * |[
 * gst-launch-1.0 -v v4l2src ! videoconvert ! cameraundistort ! cameracalibrate | autovideosink
 * ]| will correct camera distortion once camera calibration is done.
 * </refsect2>
 */

/*
 * TODO
 * - signal when calibration is done
 * - action signal to start calibration
 * - do pattern detection asynchronously
 * - do final calibration computation asynchronously
 * - use cairo for drawing overlay
 * - use overlay
 * - implement settings query
 * - validate user settings (see validate() in tutorial)
 * - save complete state (see saveCameraParams() in tutorial)
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#  include <config.h>
#endif

#include "gstcameracalibrate.h"

#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#if (CV_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4)
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc_c.h>
#endif
#include <opencv2/calib3d.hpp>

#include <gst/opencv/gstopencvutils.h>

#include "camerautils.hpp"
#include "cameraevent.hpp"

#include <vector>

GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY_STATIC (gst_camera_calibrate_debug);
#define GST_CAT_DEFAULT gst_camera_calibrate_debug

#define DEFAULT_CALIBRATON_PATTERN GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_CHESSBOARD
#define DEFAULT_BOARD_WIDTH 9
#define DEFAULT_BOARD_HEIGHT 6
#define DEFAULT_SQUARE_SIZE 50
#define DEFAULT_ASPECT_RATIO 1.0
#define DEFAULT_CORNER_SUB_PIXEL true
#define DEFAULT_ZERO_TANGENT_DISTORTION FALSE
#define DEFAULT_CENTER_PRINCIPAL_POINT FALSE
#define DEFAULT_USE_FISHEYE FALSE
#define DEFAULT_FRAME_COUNT 25
#define DEFAULT_DELAY 350
#define DEFAULT_SHOW_CORNERS true

enum
{
  PROP_0,
  PROP_CALIBRATON_PATTERN,
  PROP_BOARD_WIDTH,
  PROP_BOARD_HEIGHT,
  PROP_SQUARE_SIZE,
  PROP_ASPECT_RATIO,
  PROP_CORNER_SUB_PIXEL,
  PROP_ZERO_TANGENT_DISTORTION,
  PROP_CENTER_PRINCIPAL_POINT,
  PROP_USE_FISHEYE,
  PROP_FRAME_COUNT,
  PROP_DELAY,
  PROP_SHOW_CORNERS,
  PROP_SETTINGS
};

enum
{
  DETECTION = 0,
  CAPTURING = 1,
  CALIBRATED = 2
};

#define GST_TYPE_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN (camera_calibration_pattern_get_type ())

static GType
camera_calibration_pattern_get_type (void)
{
  static GType camera_calibration_pattern_type = 0;
  static const GEnumValue camera_calibration_pattern[] = {
    {GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_CHESSBOARD, "Chessboard", "chessboard"},
    {GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_CIRCLES_GRID, "Circle Grids",
        "circle_grids"},
    {GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_ASYMMETRIC_CIRCLES_GRID,
        "Asymmetric Circle Grids", "asymmetric_circle_grids"},
    {0, NULL, NULL},
  };

  if (!camera_calibration_pattern_type) {
    camera_calibration_pattern_type =
        g_enum_register_static ("GstCameraCalibrationPattern",
        camera_calibration_pattern);
  }
  return camera_calibration_pattern_type;
}

G_DEFINE_TYPE (GstCameraCalibrate, gst_camera_calibrate,
    GST_TYPE_OPENCV_VIDEO_FILTER);

static void gst_camera_calibrate_dispose (GObject * object);
static void gst_camera_calibrate_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec);
static void gst_camera_calibrate_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec);

static GstFlowReturn
gst_camera_calibrate_transform_frame_ip (GstOpencvVideoFilter * cvfilter,
    GstBuffer * frame, IplImage * img);

/* clean up */
static void
gst_camera_calibrate_finalize (GObject * obj)
{
  G_OBJECT_CLASS (gst_camera_calibrate_parent_class)->finalize (obj);
}

/* initialize the cameracalibration's class */
static void
gst_camera_calibrate_class_init (GstCameraCalibrateClass * klass)
{
  GObjectClass *gobject_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass);
  GstElementClass *element_class = GST_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass);
  GstOpencvVideoFilterClass *opencvfilter_class =
      GST_OPENCV_VIDEO_FILTER_CLASS (klass);
  GstCaps *caps;
  GstPadTemplate *templ;

  gobject_class->finalize = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_camera_calibrate_finalize);
  gobject_class->dispose = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_camera_calibrate_dispose);
  gobject_class->set_property = gst_camera_calibrate_set_property;
  gobject_class->get_property = gst_camera_calibrate_get_property;

  opencvfilter_class->cv_trans_ip_func =
      gst_camera_calibrate_transform_frame_ip;

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_CALIBRATON_PATTERN,
      g_param_spec_enum ("pattern", "Calibration Pattern",
          "One of the chessboard, circles, or asymmetric circle pattern",
          GST_TYPE_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN, DEFAULT_CALIBRATON_PATTERN,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_BOARD_WIDTH,
      g_param_spec_int ("board-width", "Board Width",
          "The board width in number of items",
          1, G_MAXINT, DEFAULT_BOARD_WIDTH,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_BOARD_HEIGHT,
      g_param_spec_int ("board-height", "Board Height",
          "The board height in number of items",
          1, G_MAXINT, DEFAULT_BOARD_WIDTH,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_SQUARE_SIZE,
      g_param_spec_float ("square-size", "Square Size",
          "The size of a square in your defined unit (point, millimeter, etc.)",
          0.0, G_MAXFLOAT, DEFAULT_SQUARE_SIZE,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_ASPECT_RATIO,
      g_param_spec_float ("aspect-ratio", "Aspect Ratio",
          "The aspect ratio",
          0.0, G_MAXFLOAT, DEFAULT_ASPECT_RATIO,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_CORNER_SUB_PIXEL,
      g_param_spec_boolean ("corner-sub-pixel", "Corner Sub Pixel",
          "Improve corner detection accuracy for chessboard",
          DEFAULT_CORNER_SUB_PIXEL,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_ZERO_TANGENT_DISTORTION,
      g_param_spec_boolean ("zero-tangent-distorsion",
          "Zero Tangent Distorsion", "Assume zero tangential distortion",
          DEFAULT_ZERO_TANGENT_DISTORTION,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_CENTER_PRINCIPAL_POINT,
      g_param_spec_boolean ("center-principal-point", "Center Principal Point",
          "Fix the principal point at the center",
          DEFAULT_CENTER_PRINCIPAL_POINT,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_USE_FISHEYE,
      g_param_spec_boolean ("use-fisheye", "Use Fisheye",
          "Use fisheye camera model for calibration",
          DEFAULT_USE_FISHEYE,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_DELAY,
      g_param_spec_int ("delay", "Delay",
          "Sampling periodicity in ms", 0, G_MAXINT,
          DEFAULT_DELAY,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_FRAME_COUNT,
      g_param_spec_int ("frame-count", "Frame Count",
          "The number of frames to use from the input for calibration", 1,
          G_MAXINT, DEFAULT_FRAME_COUNT,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_SHOW_CORNERS,
      g_param_spec_boolean ("show-corners", "Show Corners",
          "Show corners",
          DEFAULT_SHOW_CORNERS,
          (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_SETTINGS,
      g_param_spec_string ("settings", "Settings",
          "Camera correction parameters (opaque string of serialized OpenCV objects)",
          NULL, (GParamFlags) (G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS)));

  gst_element_class_set_static_metadata (element_class,
      "cameracalibrate",
      "Filter/Effect/Video",
      "Performs camera calibration",
      "Philippe Renon <philippe_renon@yahoo.fr>");

  /* add sink and source pad templates */
  caps = gst_opencv_caps_from_cv_image_type (CV_8UC4);
  gst_caps_append (caps, gst_opencv_caps_from_cv_image_type (CV_8UC3));
  gst_caps_append (caps, gst_opencv_caps_from_cv_image_type (CV_8UC1));
  templ = gst_pad_template_new ("sink", GST_PAD_SINK, GST_PAD_ALWAYS,
      gst_caps_ref (caps));
  gst_element_class_add_pad_template (element_class, templ);
  templ = gst_pad_template_new ("src", GST_PAD_SRC, GST_PAD_ALWAYS, caps);
  gst_element_class_add_pad_template (element_class, templ);
}

/* initialize the new element
 * initialize instance structure
 */
static void
gst_camera_calibrate_init (GstCameraCalibrate * calib)
{
  calib->calibrationPattern = DEFAULT_CALIBRATON_PATTERN;
  calib->boardSize.width = DEFAULT_BOARD_WIDTH;
  calib->boardSize.height = DEFAULT_BOARD_HEIGHT;
  calib->squareSize = DEFAULT_SQUARE_SIZE;
  calib->aspectRatio = DEFAULT_ASPECT_RATIO;
  calib->cornerSubPix = DEFAULT_CORNER_SUB_PIXEL;
  calib->calibZeroTangentDist = DEFAULT_ZERO_TANGENT_DISTORTION;
  calib->calibFixPrincipalPoint = DEFAULT_CENTER_PRINCIPAL_POINT;
  calib->useFisheye = DEFAULT_USE_FISHEYE;
  calib->nrFrames = DEFAULT_FRAME_COUNT;
  calib->delay = DEFAULT_DELAY;
  calib->showCorners = DEFAULT_SHOW_CORNERS;

  calib->flags = cv::CALIB_FIX_K4 | cv::CALIB_FIX_K5;
  if (calib->calibFixPrincipalPoint)
    calib->flags |= cv::CALIB_FIX_PRINCIPAL_POINT;
  if (calib->calibZeroTangentDist)
    calib->flags |= cv::CALIB_ZERO_TANGENT_DIST;
  if (calib->aspectRatio)
    calib->flags |= cv::CALIB_FIX_ASPECT_RATIO;

  if (calib->useFisheye) {
    /* the fisheye model has its own enum, so overwrite the flags */
    calib->flags =
        cv::fisheye::CALIB_FIX_SKEW | cv::fisheye::CALIB_RECOMPUTE_EXTRINSIC |
        /*cv::fisheye::CALIB_FIX_K1 | */
        cv::fisheye::CALIB_FIX_K2 | cv::fisheye::CALIB_FIX_K3 | cv::
        fisheye::CALIB_FIX_K4;
  }

  calib->mode = CAPTURING;      //DETECTION;
  calib->prevTimestamp = 0;

  calib->imagePoints.clear ();
  calib->cameraMatrix = 0;
  calib->distCoeffs = 0;

  calib->settings = NULL;

  gst_opencv_video_filter_set_in_place (GST_OPENCV_VIDEO_FILTER_CAST (calib),
      TRUE);
}

static void
gst_camera_calibrate_dispose (GObject * object)
{
  GstCameraCalibrate *calib = GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATE (object);

  g_free (calib->settings);
  calib->settings = NULL;

  G_OBJECT_CLASS (gst_camera_calibrate_parent_class)->dispose (object);
}

static void
gst_camera_calibrate_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec)
{
  GstCameraCalibrate *calib = GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATE (object);

  switch (prop_id) {
    case PROP_CALIBRATON_PATTERN:
      calib->calibrationPattern = g_value_get_enum (value);
      break;
    case PROP_BOARD_WIDTH:
      calib->boardSize.width = g_value_get_int (value);
      break;
    case PROP_BOARD_HEIGHT:
      calib->boardSize.height = g_value_get_int (value);
      break;
    case PROP_SQUARE_SIZE:
      calib->squareSize = g_value_get_float (value);
      break;
    case PROP_ASPECT_RATIO:
      calib->aspectRatio = g_value_get_float (value);
      break;
    case PROP_CORNER_SUB_PIXEL:
      calib->cornerSubPix = g_value_get_boolean (value);
      break;
    case PROP_ZERO_TANGENT_DISTORTION:
      calib->calibZeroTangentDist = g_value_get_boolean (value);
      break;
    case PROP_CENTER_PRINCIPAL_POINT:
      calib->calibFixPrincipalPoint = g_value_get_boolean (value);
      break;
    case PROP_USE_FISHEYE:
      calib->useFisheye = g_value_get_boolean (value);
      break;
    case PROP_FRAME_COUNT:
      calib->nrFrames = g_value_get_int (value);
      break;
    case PROP_DELAY:
      calib->delay = g_value_get_int (value);
      break;
    case PROP_SHOW_CORNERS:
      calib->showCorners = g_value_get_boolean (value);
      break;
    default:
      G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
      break;
  }
}

static void
gst_camera_calibrate_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec)
{
  GstCameraCalibrate *calib = GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATE (object);

  switch (prop_id) {
    case PROP_CALIBRATON_PATTERN:
      g_value_set_enum (value, calib->calibrationPattern);
      break;
    case PROP_BOARD_WIDTH:
      g_value_set_int (value, calib->boardSize.width);
      break;
    case PROP_BOARD_HEIGHT:
      g_value_set_int (value, calib->boardSize.height);
      break;
    case PROP_SQUARE_SIZE:
      g_value_set_float (value, calib->squareSize);
      break;
    case PROP_ASPECT_RATIO:
      g_value_set_float (value, calib->aspectRatio);
      break;
    case PROP_CORNER_SUB_PIXEL:
      g_value_set_boolean (value, calib->cornerSubPix);
      break;
    case PROP_ZERO_TANGENT_DISTORTION:
      g_value_set_boolean (value, calib->calibZeroTangentDist);
      break;
    case PROP_CENTER_PRINCIPAL_POINT:
      g_value_set_boolean (value, calib->calibFixPrincipalPoint);
      break;
    case PROP_USE_FISHEYE:
      g_value_set_boolean (value, calib->useFisheye);
      break;
    case PROP_FRAME_COUNT:
      g_value_set_int (value, calib->nrFrames);
      break;
    case PROP_DELAY:
      g_value_set_int (value, calib->delay);
      break;
    case PROP_SHOW_CORNERS:
      g_value_set_boolean (value, calib->showCorners);
      break;
    case PROP_SETTINGS:
      g_value_set_string (value, calib->settings);
      break;
    default:
      G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
      break;
  }
}

void camera_calibrate_run (GstCameraCalibrate * calib, IplImage * img);

/*
 * Performs the camera calibration
 */
static GstFlowReturn
gst_camera_calibrate_transform_frame_ip (GstOpencvVideoFilter * cvfilter,
    G_GNUC_UNUSED GstBuffer * frame, IplImage * img)
{
  GstCameraCalibrate *calib = GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATE (cvfilter);

  camera_calibrate_run (calib, img);

  return GST_FLOW_OK;
}

bool camera_calibrate_calibrate (GstCameraCalibrate * calib,
    cv::Size imageSize, cv::Mat & cameraMatrix, cv::Mat & distCoeffs,
    std::vector < std::vector < cv::Point2f > >imagePoints);

void
camera_calibrate_run (GstCameraCalibrate * calib, IplImage * img)
{
  cv::Mat view = cv::cvarrToMat (img);

  // For camera only take new samples after delay time
  if (calib->mode == CAPTURING) {
    // get_input
    cv::Size imageSize = view.size ();

    /* find_pattern
     * FIXME find ways to reduce CPU usage
     * don't do it on all frames ? will it help ? corner display will be affected.
     * in a separate frame?
     * in a separate element that gets composited back into the main stream
     * (video is tee-d into it and can then be decimated, scaled, etc..) */

    std::vector < cv::Point2f > pointBuf;
    bool found;
    int chessBoardFlags =
        cv::CALIB_CB_ADAPTIVE_THRESH | cv::CALIB_CB_NORMALIZE_IMAGE;

    if (!calib->useFisheye) {
      /* fast check erroneously fails with high distortions like fisheye */
      chessBoardFlags |= cv::CALIB_CB_FAST_CHECK;
    }

    /* Find feature points on the input format */
    switch (calib->calibrationPattern) {
      case GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_CHESSBOARD:
        found =
            cv::findChessboardCorners (view, calib->boardSize, pointBuf,
            chessBoardFlags);
        break;
      case GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_CIRCLES_GRID:
        found = cv::findCirclesGrid (view, calib->boardSize, pointBuf);
        break;
      case GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_ASYMMETRIC_CIRCLES_GRID:
        found =
            cv::findCirclesGrid (view, calib->boardSize, pointBuf,
            cv::CALIB_CB_ASYMMETRIC_GRID);
        break;
      default:
        found = FALSE;
        break;
    }

    bool blinkOutput = FALSE;
    if (found) {
      /* improve the found corners' coordinate accuracy for chessboard */
      if (calib->calibrationPattern == GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_CHESSBOARD
          && calib->cornerSubPix) {
        /* FIXME findChessboardCorners and alike do a cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY (and a histogram balance)
         * the color convert should be done once (if needed) and shared
         * FIXME keep viewGray around to avoid reallocating it each time... */
        cv::Mat viewGray;
        cv::cvtColor (view, viewGray, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
        cv::cornerSubPix (viewGray, pointBuf, cv::Size (11, 11), cv::Size (-1,
                -1),
            cv::TermCriteria (cv::TermCriteria::EPS + cv::TermCriteria::COUNT,
                30, 0.1));
      }

      /* take new samples after delay time */
      if ((calib->mode == CAPTURING)
          && ((clock () - calib->prevTimestamp) >
              calib->delay * 1e-3 * CLOCKS_PER_SEC)) {
        calib->imagePoints.push_back (pointBuf);
        calib->prevTimestamp = clock ();
        blinkOutput = true;
      }

      /* draw the corners */
      if (calib->showCorners) {
        cv::drawChessboardCorners (view, calib->boardSize, cv::Mat (pointBuf),
            found);
      }
    }

    /* if got enough frames then stop calibration and show result */
    if (calib->mode == CAPTURING
        && calib->imagePoints.size () >= (size_t) calib->nrFrames) {

      if (camera_calibrate_calibrate (calib, imageSize, calib->cameraMatrix,
              calib->distCoeffs, calib->imagePoints)) {
        calib->mode = CALIBRATED;

        GstPad *sink_pad = GST_BASE_TRANSFORM_SINK_PAD (calib);
        GstPad *src_pad = GST_BASE_TRANSFORM_SRC_PAD (calib);
        GstEvent *sink_event;
        GstEvent *src_event;

        /* set settings property */
        g_free (calib->settings);
        calib->settings =
            camera_serialize_undistort_settings (calib->cameraMatrix,
            calib->distCoeffs);

        /* create calibrated event and send upstream and downstream */
        sink_event = gst_camera_event_new_calibrated (calib->settings);
        GST_LOG_OBJECT (sink_pad, "Sending upstream event %s.",
            GST_EVENT_TYPE_NAME (sink_event));
        if (!gst_pad_push_event (sink_pad, sink_event)) {
          GST_WARNING_OBJECT (sink_pad,
              "Sending upstream event %p (%s) failed.", sink_event,
              GST_EVENT_TYPE_NAME (sink_event));
        }

        src_event = gst_camera_event_new_calibrated (calib->settings);
        GST_LOG_OBJECT (src_pad, "Sending downstream event %s.",
            GST_EVENT_TYPE_NAME (src_event));
        if (!gst_pad_push_event (src_pad, src_event)) {
          GST_WARNING_OBJECT (src_pad,
              "Sending downstream event %p (%s) failed.", src_event,
              GST_EVENT_TYPE_NAME (src_event));
        }
      } else {
        /* failed to calibrate, go back to detection mode */
        calib->mode = DETECTION;
      }
    }

    if (calib->mode == CAPTURING && blinkOutput) {
      bitwise_not (view, view);
    }

  }

  /* output text */
  /* FIXME ll additional rendering (text, corners, ...) should be done with
   * cairo or another gst framework.
   * this will relax the conditions on the input format (RBG only at the moment).
   * the calibration itself accepts more formats... */

  std::string msg = (calib->mode == CAPTURING) ? "100/100" :
      (calib->mode == CALIBRATED) ? "Calibrated" : "Waiting...";
  int baseLine = 0;
  cv::Size textSize = cv::getTextSize (msg, 1, 1, 1, &baseLine);
  cv::Point textOrigin (view.cols - 2 * textSize.width - 10,
      view.rows - 2 * baseLine - 10);

  if (calib->mode == CAPTURING) {
    msg =
        cv::format ("%d/%d", (int) calib->imagePoints.size (), calib->nrFrames);
  }

  const cv::Scalar RED (0, 0, 255);
  const cv::Scalar GREEN (0, 255, 0);

  cv::putText (view, msg, textOrigin, 1, 1,
      calib->mode == CALIBRATED ? GREEN : RED);
}

static double
camera_calibrate_calc_reprojection_errors (const std::vector < std::vector <
    cv::Point3f > >&objectPoints,
    const std::vector < std::vector < cv::Point2f > >&imagePoints,
    const std::vector < cv::Mat > &rvecs, const std::vector < cv::Mat > &tvecs,
    const cv::Mat & cameraMatrix, const cv::Mat & distCoeffs,
    std::vector < float >&perViewErrors, bool fisheye)
{
  std::vector < cv::Point2f > imagePoints2;
  size_t totalPoints = 0;
  double totalErr = 0, err;
  perViewErrors.resize (objectPoints.size ());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < objectPoints.size (); ++i) {
    if (fisheye) {
      cv::fisheye::projectPoints (objectPoints[i], imagePoints2,
          rvecs[i], tvecs[i], cameraMatrix, distCoeffs);
    } else {
      cv::projectPoints (objectPoints[i], rvecs[i], tvecs[i],
          cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, imagePoints2);
    }
    err = cv::norm (imagePoints[i], imagePoints2, cv::NORM_L2);

    size_t n = objectPoints[i].size ();
    perViewErrors[i] = (float) std::sqrt (err * err / n);
    totalErr += err * err;
    totalPoints += n;
  }

  return std::sqrt (totalErr / totalPoints);
}

static void
camera_calibrate_calc_corners (cv::Size boardSize, float squareSize,
    std::vector < cv::Point3f > &corners, gint patternType /*= CHESSBOARD*/ )
{
  corners.clear ();

  switch (patternType) {
    case GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_CHESSBOARD:
    case GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_CIRCLES_GRID:
      for (int i = 0; i < boardSize.height; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < boardSize.width; ++j)
          corners.push_back (cv::Point3f (j * squareSize, i * squareSize, 0));
      break;
    case GST_CAMERA_CALIBRATION_PATTERN_ASYMMETRIC_CIRCLES_GRID:
      for (int i = 0; i < boardSize.height; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < boardSize.width; j++)
          corners.push_back (cv::Point3f ((2 * j + i % 2) * squareSize,
                  i * squareSize, 0));
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
}

static bool
camera_calibrate_calibrate_full (GstCameraCalibrate * calib,
    cv::Size & imageSize, cv::Mat & cameraMatrix, cv::Mat & distCoeffs,
    std::vector < std::vector < cv::Point2f > >imagePoints,
    std::vector < cv::Mat > &rvecs, std::vector < cv::Mat > &tvecs,
    std::vector < float >&reprojErrs, double &totalAvgErr)
{
  cameraMatrix = cv::Mat::eye (3, 3, CV_64F);
  if (calib->flags & cv::CALIB_FIX_ASPECT_RATIO) {
    cameraMatrix.at < double >(0, 0) = calib->aspectRatio;
  }
  if (calib->useFisheye) {
    distCoeffs = cv::Mat::zeros (4, 1, CV_64F);
  } else {
    distCoeffs = cv::Mat::zeros (8, 1, CV_64F);
  }

  std::vector < std::vector < cv::Point3f > >objectPoints (1);
  camera_calibrate_calc_corners (calib->boardSize, calib->squareSize,
      objectPoints[0], calib->calibrationPattern);

  objectPoints.resize (imagePoints.size (), objectPoints[0]);

  /* Find intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters */
  double rms;

  if (calib->useFisheye) {
    cv::Mat _rvecs, _tvecs;
    rms = cv::fisheye::calibrate (objectPoints, imagePoints, imageSize,
        cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, _rvecs, _tvecs, calib->flags);

    rvecs.reserve (_rvecs.rows);
    tvecs.reserve (_tvecs.rows);
    for (int i = 0; i < int (objectPoints.size ()); i++) {
      rvecs.push_back (_rvecs.row (i));
      tvecs.push_back (_tvecs.row (i));
    }
  } else {
    rms = cv::calibrateCamera (objectPoints, imagePoints, imageSize,
        cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, rvecs, tvecs, calib->flags);
  }

  GST_LOG_OBJECT (calib,
      "Re-projection error reported by calibrateCamera: %f", rms);

  bool ok = checkRange (cameraMatrix) && checkRange (distCoeffs);

  totalAvgErr =
      camera_calibrate_calc_reprojection_errors (objectPoints, imagePoints,
      rvecs, tvecs, cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, reprojErrs, calib->useFisheye);

  return ok;
}

bool
camera_calibrate_calibrate (GstCameraCalibrate * calib,
    cv::Size imageSize, cv::Mat & cameraMatrix, cv::Mat & distCoeffs,
    std::vector < std::vector < cv::Point2f > >imagePoints)
{
  std::vector < cv::Mat > rvecs, tvecs;
  std::vector < float >reprojErrs;
  double totalAvgErr = 0;

  bool ok = camera_calibrate_calibrate_full (calib,
      imageSize, cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, imagePoints,
      rvecs, tvecs, reprojErrs, totalAvgErr);
  GST_LOG_OBJECT (calib, (ok ? "Calibration succeeded" : "Calibration failed"));
  /* + ". avg re projection error = " + totalAvgErr); */

  return ok;
}

/* entry point to initialize the plug-in
 * initialize the plug-in itself
 * register the element factories and other features
 */
gboolean
gst_camera_calibrate_plugin_init (GstPlugin * plugin)
{
  /* debug category for filtering log messages */
  GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY_INIT (gst_camera_calibrate_debug, "cameracalibrate",
      0, "Performs camera calibration");

  return gst_element_register (plugin, "cameracalibrate", GST_RANK_NONE,
      GST_TYPE_CAMERA_CALIBRATE);
}