Background Jobs

This crate provides tooling required to run some processes asynchronously from a usually synchronous application. The standard example of this is Web Services, where certain things need to be processed, but processing them while a user is waiting for their browser to respond might not be the best experience.

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Usage

Add Background Jobs to your project

[dependencies]
actix-rt = "2.2.0"
background-jobs = "0.15.0"
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }

To get started with Background Jobs, first you should define a job.

Jobs are a combination of the data required to perform an operation, and the logic of that operation. They implement the Job, serde::Serialize, and serde::DeserializeOwned.

use background_jobs::{Job, BoxError};
use std::future::{ready, Ready};

#[derive(Clone, Debug, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
pub struct MyJob {
    some_usize: usize,
    other_usize: usize,
}

impl MyJob {
    pub fn new(some_usize: usize, other_usize: usize) -> Self {
        MyJob {
            some_usize,
            other_usize,
        }
    }
}

impl Job for MyJob {
    type State = ();
    type Error = BoxError;
    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;

    const NAME: &'static str = "MyJob";

    fn run(self, _: Self::State) -> Self::Future {
        info!("args: {:?}", self);

        ready(Ok(()))
    }
}

The run method for a job takes an additional argument, which is the state the job expects to use. The state for all jobs defined in an application must be the same. By default, the state is an empty tuple, but it's likely you'll want to pass in some Actix address, or something else.

Let's re-define the job to care about some application state.

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct MyState {
    pub app_name: String,
}

impl MyState {
    pub fn new(app_name: &str) -> Self {
        MyState {
            app_name: app_name.to_owned(),
        }
    }
}

impl Job for MyJob {
    type State = MyState;
    type Error = BoxError;
    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;

    // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,
    // because otherwise one job will overwrite another job when they're being
    // registered.
    const NAME: &'static str = "MyJob";

    // The queue that this processor belongs to
    //
    // Workers have the option to subscribe to specific queues, so this is important to
    // determine which worker will call the processor
    //
    // Jobs can optionally override the queue they're spawned on
    const QUEUE: &'static str = DEFAULT_QUEUE;

    // The number of times background-jobs should try to retry a job before giving up
    //
    // Jobs can optionally override this value
    const MAX_RETRIES: MaxRetries = MaxRetries::Count(1);

    // The logic to determine how often to retry this job if it fails
    //
    // Jobs can optionally override this value
    const BACKOFF: Backoff = Backoff::Exponential(2);

    fn run(self, state: Self::State) -> Self::Future {
        info!("{}: args, {:?}", state.app_name, self);

        ready(Ok(()))
    }
}

Running jobs

By default, this crate ships with the background-jobs-actix feature enabled. This uses the background-jobs-actix crate to spin up a Server and Workers, and provides a mechanism for spawning new jobs.

background-jobs-actix on it's own doesn't have a mechanism for storing worker state. This can be implemented manually by implementing the Storage trait from background-jobs-core, or the provided in-memory store can be used.

With that out of the way, back to the examples:

Main

use background_jobs::{create_server, actix::WorkerConfig, BoxError};

#[actix_rt::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
    // Set up our Storage
    // For this example, we use the default in-memory storage mechanism
    use background_jobs::memory_storage::{ActixTimer, Storage};
    let storage = Storage::new(ActixTimer);

    // Configure and start our workers
    let queue_handle = WorkerConfig::new(storage, move || MyState::new("My App"))
        .register::<MyJob>()
        .set_worker_count(DEFAULT_QUEUE, 16)
        .start();

    // Queue our jobs
    queue_handle.queue(MyJob::new(1, 2))?;
    queue_handle.queue(MyJob::new(3, 4))?;
    queue_handle.queue(MyJob::new(5, 6))?;

    // Block on Actix
    actix_rt::signal::ctrl_c().await?;
    Ok(())
}

Complete Example

For the complete example project, see the examples folder

Bringing your own server/worker implementation

If you want to create your own jobs processor based on this idea, you can depend on the background-jobs-core crate, which provides the Job trait, as well as some other useful types for implementing a jobs processor and job store.

Contributing

Feel free to open issues for anything you find an issue with. Please note that any contributed code will be licensed under the AGPLv3.

License

Copyright © 2022 Riley Trautman

background-jobs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

background-jobs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. This file is part of background-jobs.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with background-jobs. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.