Remove anyhow

README.md

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ might not be the best experience.
 [dependencies]
 actix-rt = "2.2.0"
 background-jobs = "0.15.0"
-anyhow = "1.0"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 ```
 
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@ Jobs are a combination of the data required to perform an operation, and the log
 operation. They implement the `Job`, `serde::Serialize`, and `serde::DeserializeOwned`.
 
 ```rust
-use background_jobs::Job;
+use background_jobs::{Job, BoxError};
-use anyhow::Error;
 use std::future::{ready, Ready};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
@@ -45,7 +43,8 @@ impl MyJob {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = ();
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Error = BoxError;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 
     const NAME: &'static str = "MyJob";
 
@@ -80,7 +79,8 @@ impl MyState {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Error = BoxError;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 
     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,
     // because otherwise one job will overwrite another job when they're being
@@ -126,11 +126,10 @@ With that out of the way, back to the examples:
 
 ##### Main
 ```rust
-use background_jobs::{create_server, WorkerConfig};
+use background_jobs::{create_server, actix::WorkerConfig, BoxError};
-use anyhow::Error;
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
-async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
     // Set up our Storage
     // For this example, we use the default in-memory storage mechanism
     use background_jobs::memory_storage::{ActixTimer, Storage};

examples/basic-example/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 actix-rt = "2.0.0"
-anyhow = "1.0"
 background-jobs = { version = "0.17.0", path = "../..", features = [ "error-logging", "sled" ] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "fmt"] }

examples/basic-example/src/main.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use actix_rt::Arbiter;
-use anyhow::Error;
 use background_jobs::{
     actix::{Spawner, WorkerConfig},
     memory_storage::{ActixTimer, Storage},
-    MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
+    BoxError, MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
 };
 use std::{
     future::{ready, Ready},
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ pub struct MyJob {
 }
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
-async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
     let env_filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("info"));
 
     tracing_subscriber::fmt::fmt()
@@ -84,8 +83,8 @@ impl MyJob {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
     type Spawner = Spawner;
 
     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,

examples/error-example/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 actix-rt = "2.0.0"
-anyhow = "1.0"
 background-jobs = { version = "0.17.0", path = "../..", features = [
   "error-logging",
   "sled",

examples/error-example/src/main.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use actix_rt::Arbiter;
-use anyhow::Error;
+use background_jobs::{actix::WorkerConfig, sled::Storage, BoxError, Job, MaxRetries};
-use background_jobs::{actix::WorkerConfig, sled::Storage, Job, MaxRetries};
 use std::{
     future::{ready, Ready},
     time::{Duration, SystemTime},
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ pub struct MyJob {
 pub struct ErroringJob;
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
-async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
     let env_filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("info"));
 
     tracing_subscriber::fmt::fmt()
@@ -87,8 +86,8 @@ impl MyJob {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 
     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,
     // because otherwise one job will overwrite another job when they're being
@@ -115,10 +114,19 @@ impl Job for MyJob {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Boom;
+impl std::fmt::Display for Boom {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "boom")
+    }
+}
+impl std::error::Error for Boom {}
+
 impl Job for ErroringJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = Boom;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Boom>>;
 
     const NAME: &'static str = "ErroringJob";
 
@@ -127,6 +135,6 @@ impl Job for ErroringJob {
     const MAX_RETRIES: MaxRetries = MaxRetries::Count(0);
 
     fn run(self, _: MyState) -> Self::Future {
-        ready(Err(anyhow::anyhow!("boom")))
+        ready(Err(Boom))
     }
 }

examples/long-example/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 actix-rt = "2.0.0"
-anyhow = "1.0"
 background-jobs = { version = "0.17.0", path = "../..", features = [ "error-logging", "sled" ] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "fmt"] }

examples/long-example/src/main.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use actix_rt::Arbiter;
-use anyhow::Error;
 use background_jobs::{
     actix::{Spawner, WorkerConfig},
     sled::Storage,
-    MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
+    BoxError, MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
 };
 use std::{
     future::{ready, Future, Ready},
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ pub struct MyJob {
 pub struct LongJob;
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
-async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
     let env_filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("info"));
 
     tracing_subscriber::fmt::fmt()
@@ -90,8 +89,8 @@ impl MyJob {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
     type Spawner = Spawner;
 
     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,
@@ -121,8 +120,8 @@ impl Job for MyJob {
 
 impl Job for LongJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), Error>>>>;
+    type Future = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), BoxError>>>>;
     type Spawner = Spawner;
 
     const NAME: &'static str = "LongJob";

examples/managed-example/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 actix-rt = "2.0.0"
-anyhow = "1.0"
 background-jobs = { version = "0.17.0", path = "../..", features = [ "error-logging", "sled"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "fmt"] }

examples/managed-example/src/main.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use actix_rt::Arbiter;
-use anyhow::Error;
 use background_jobs::{
     actix::{Spawner, WorkerConfig},
     sled::Storage,
-    MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
+    BoxError, MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
 };
 use std::{
     future::{ready, Ready},
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ pub struct MyJob {
 pub struct StopJob;
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
-async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
     let env_filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("info"));
 
     tracing_subscriber::fmt::fmt()
@@ -102,8 +101,8 @@ impl MyJob {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
     type Spawner = Spawner;
 
     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,
@@ -133,8 +132,8 @@ impl Job for MyJob {
 
 impl Job for StopJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
     type Spawner = Spawner;
 
     const NAME: &'static str = "StopJob";

examples/metrics-example/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 actix-rt = "2.0.0"
-anyhow = "1.0"
 background-jobs = { version = "0.17.0", path = "../..", features = [ "error-logging", "sled" ] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "fmt"] }

examples/metrics-example/src/main.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use actix_rt::Arbiter;
-use anyhow::Error;
 use background_jobs::{
     actix::{Spawner, WorkerConfig},
     metrics::MetricsStorage,
     sled::Storage,
-    MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
+    BoxError, MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
 };
 use std::{future::Future, pin::Pin, time::Duration};
 use tracing::info;
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ pub struct MyJob {
 }
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
-async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
     let env_filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("warn"));
 
     // Install the metrics subscriber
@@ -89,8 +88,8 @@ impl MyJob {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), Error>> + 'static>>;
+    type Future = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), BoxError>> + 'static>>;
     type Spawner = Spawner;
 
     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,

examples/panic-example/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-anyhow = "1.0"
 background-jobs = { version = "0.17.0", path = "../..", default-features = false, features = [ "error-logging", "sled", "tokio" ] }
 time = "0.3"
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }

examples/panic-example/src/main.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use anyhow::Error;
+use background_jobs::{sled::Storage, tokio::WorkerConfig, BoxError, Job, MaxRetries};
-use background_jobs::{sled::Storage, tokio::WorkerConfig, Job, MaxRetries};
 use std::{
     future::{ready, Ready},
     time::{Duration, SystemTime},
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ pub struct MyJob {
 pub struct PanickingJob;
 
 #[tokio::main]
-async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
     let env_filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("info"));
 
     tracing_subscriber::fmt::fmt()
@@ -83,8 +82,8 @@ impl MyJob {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 
     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,
     // because otherwise one job will overwrite another job when they're being
@@ -113,8 +112,8 @@ impl Job for MyJob {
 
 impl Job for PanickingJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 
     const NAME: &'static str = "PanickingJob";
 

examples/postgres-example/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 actix-rt = "2.9.0"
-anyhow = "1.0.79"
 background-jobs = { version = "0.17.0", features = ["postgres"], path = "../.." }
 serde = { version = "1.0.195", features = ["derive"] }
 tokio = { version = "1.35.1", features = ["full"] }

examples/postgres-example/src/main.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use actix_rt::Arbiter;
 use background_jobs::{
     actix::{Spawner, WorkerConfig},
     postgres::Storage,
-    MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
+    BoxError, MaxRetries, UnsendJob as Job,
 };
 // use background_jobs_sled_storage::Storage;
 use std::{
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub struct MyJob {
 }
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
-async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
     let env_filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("info"));
 
     tracing_subscriber::fmt::fmt()
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ impl MyJob {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Ready<anyhow::Result<()>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
     type Spawner = Spawner;
 
     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,

examples/tokio-example/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-anyhow = "1.0"
 background-jobs = { version = "0.17.0", path = "../..", default-features = false, features = [ "error-logging", "sled", "tokio"] }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
 tracing = "0.1"

examples/tokio-example/src/main.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-use anyhow::Error;
 use background_jobs::{
     memory_storage::{Storage, TokioTimer},
     tokio::WorkerConfig,
-    Job, MaxRetries,
+    BoxError, Job, MaxRetries,
 };
 use std::{
     future::{ready, Ready},
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ pub struct MyJob {
 }
 
 #[tokio::main]
-async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
     let env_filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("info"));
 
     tracing_subscriber::fmt::fmt()
@@ -79,8 +78,8 @@ impl MyJob {
 
 impl Job for MyJob {
     type State = MyState;
-    type Error = Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
-    type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 
     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,
     // because otherwise one job will overwrite another job when they're being

jobs-actix/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 actix-rt = "2.5.1"
-anyhow = "1.0"
 async-trait = "0.1.24"
 background-jobs-core = { version = "0.17.0", path = "../jobs-core" }
 metrics = "0.22.0"

jobs-actix/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 //!
 //! ### Example
 //! ```rust
-//! use anyhow::Error;
+//! use background_jobs_core::{Backoff, Job, MaxRetries, BoxError};
-//! use background_jobs_core::{Backoff, Job, MaxRetries};
 //! use background_jobs_actix::{ActixTimer, WorkerConfig};
 //! use std::future::{ready, Ready};
 //!
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@
 //! }
 //!
 //! #[actix_rt::main]
-//! async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+//! async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
 //!     // Set up our Storage
 //!     // For this example, we use the default in-memory storage mechanism
 //!     use background_jobs_core::memory_storage::Storage;
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@
 //!
 //! impl Job for MyJob {
 //!     type State = MyState;
-//!     type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+//!     type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 //!
 //!     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,
 //!     // because otherwise one job will overwrite another job when they're being
@@ -114,9 +113,8 @@
 //! ```
 
 use actix_rt::{Arbiter, ArbiterHandle};
-use anyhow::Error;
 use background_jobs_core::{
-    memory_storage::Timer, new_job, new_scheduled_job, Job, ProcessorMap, Storage,
+    memory_storage::Timer, new_job, new_scheduled_job, BoxError, Job, ProcessorMap, Storage,
 };
 use std::{
     collections::BTreeMap,
@@ -469,7 +467,7 @@ impl QueueHandle {
     ///
     /// This job will be sent to the server for storage, and will execute whenever a worker for the
     /// job's queue is free to do so.
-    pub async fn queue<J>(&self, job: J) -> Result<(), Error>
+    pub async fn queue<J>(&self, job: J) -> Result<(), BoxError>
     where
         J: Job,
     {
@@ -482,7 +480,7 @@ impl QueueHandle {
     ///
     /// This job will be sent to the server for storage, and will execute after the specified time
     /// and when a worker for the job's queue is free to do so.
-    pub async fn schedule<J>(&self, job: J, after: SystemTime) -> Result<(), Error>
+    pub async fn schedule<J>(&self, job: J, after: SystemTime) -> Result<(), BoxError>
     where
         J: Job,
     {

jobs-actix/src/storage.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-use anyhow::Error;
+use background_jobs_core::{BoxError, JobInfo, NewJobInfo, ReturnJobInfo, Storage};
-use background_jobs_core::{JobInfo, NewJobInfo, ReturnJobInfo, Storage};
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub(crate) trait ActixStorage {
-    async fn push(&self, job: NewJobInfo) -> Result<Uuid, Error>;
+    async fn push(&self, job: NewJobInfo) -> Result<Uuid, BoxError>;
 
-    async fn pop(&self, queue: &str, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<JobInfo, Error>;
+    async fn pop(&self, queue: &str, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<JobInfo, BoxError>;
 
-    async fn heartbeat(&self, job_id: Uuid, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<(), Error>;
+    async fn heartbeat(&self, job_id: Uuid, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<(), BoxError>;
 
-    async fn complete(&self, ret: ReturnJobInfo) -> Result<(), Error>;
+    async fn complete(&self, ret: ReturnJobInfo) -> Result<(), BoxError>;
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct StorageWrapper<S>(pub(crate) S)
@@ -24,19 +23,19 @@ where
     S: Storage + Send + Sync,
     S::Error: Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
-    async fn push(&self, job: NewJobInfo) -> Result<Uuid, Error> {
+    async fn push(&self, job: NewJobInfo) -> Result<Uuid, BoxError> {
         Ok(self.0.push(job).await?)
     }
 
-    async fn pop(&self, queue: &str, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<JobInfo, Error> {
+    async fn pop(&self, queue: &str, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<JobInfo, BoxError> {
         Ok(self.0.pop(queue, runner_id).await?)
     }
 
-    async fn heartbeat(&self, job_id: Uuid, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    async fn heartbeat(&self, job_id: Uuid, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<(), BoxError> {
         Ok(self.0.heartbeat(job_id, runner_id).await?)
     }
 
-    async fn complete(&self, ret: ReturnJobInfo) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    async fn complete(&self, ret: ReturnJobInfo) -> Result<(), BoxError> {
         self.0.complete(ret).await?;
 
         Ok(())

jobs-core/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ completion-logging = []
 error-logging = []
 
 [dependencies]
-anyhow = "1.0"
 async-trait = "0.1.24"
 event-listener = "4"
 metrics = "0.22.0"

jobs-core/src/box_error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/// A simple error box that provides no additional formatting utilities
+pub struct BoxError {
+    error: Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for BoxError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.error.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for BoxError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.error.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E> From<E> for BoxError
+where
+    E: std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    fn from(error: E) -> Self {
+        BoxError {
+            error: Box::new(error),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<BoxError> for Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync> {
+    fn from(value: BoxError) -> Self {
+        value.error
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<BoxError> for Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send> {
+    fn from(value: BoxError) -> Self {
+        value.error
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<BoxError> for Box<dyn std::error::Error> {
+    fn from(value: BoxError) -> Self {
+        value.error
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync> for BoxError {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &(dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static) {
+        self.error.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<dyn std::error::Error + Send> for BoxError {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &(dyn std::error::Error + Send + 'static) {
+        self.error.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<dyn std::error::Error> for BoxError {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &(dyn std::error::Error + 'static) {
+        self.error.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::ops::Deref for BoxError {
+    type Target = dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.error.as_ref()
+    }
+}

jobs-core/src/job.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{Backoff, JobError, MaxRetries, NewJobInfo};
+use crate::{Backoff, BoxError, JobError, MaxRetries, NewJobInfo};
-use anyhow::Error;
 use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, ser::Serialize};
 use serde_json::Value;
 use std::{future::Future, pin::Pin, time::SystemTime};
@@ -15,8 +14,7 @@ use tracing::{Instrument, Span};
 /// ### Example
 ///
 /// ```rust
-/// use anyhow::Error;
+/// use background_jobs_core::{Job, new_job, BoxError};
-/// use background_jobs_core::{Job, new_job};
 /// use tracing::info;
 /// use std::future::{ready, Ready};
 ///
@@ -27,7 +25,8 @@ use tracing::{Instrument, Span};
 ///
 /// impl Job for MyJob {
 ///     type State = ();
-///     type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+///     type Error = BoxError;
+///     type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 ///
 ///     const NAME: &'static str = "MyJob";
 ///
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ use tracing::{Instrument, Span};
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
-/// fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+/// fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
 ///     let job = new_job(MyJob { count: 1234 })?;
 ///
 ///     Ok(())
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ pub trait Job: Serialize + DeserializeOwned + 'static {
     type State: Clone + 'static;
 
     /// The error type this job returns
-    type Error: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error>>;
+    type Error: Into<BoxError>;
 
     /// The future returned by this job
     type Future: Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send;
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ pub trait Job: Serialize + DeserializeOwned + 'static {
 }
 
 /// A provided method to create a new JobInfo from provided arguments
-pub fn new_job<J>(job: J) -> Result<NewJobInfo, Error>
+pub fn new_job<J>(job: J) -> Result<NewJobInfo, BoxError>
 where
     J: Job,
 {
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@ where
 }
 
 /// Create a NewJobInfo to schedule a job to be performed after a certain time
-pub fn new_scheduled_job<J>(job: J, after: SystemTime) -> Result<NewJobInfo, Error>
+pub fn new_scheduled_job<J>(job: J, after: SystemTime) -> Result<NewJobInfo, BoxError>
 where
     J: Job,
 {
@@ -178,13 +177,13 @@ where
     Box::pin(async move {
         let (fut, span) = res?;
 
-        if let Some(span) = span {
+        let res = if let Some(span) = span {
-            fut.instrument(span).await.map_err(Into::into)?;
+            fut.instrument(span).await
         } else {
-            fut.await.map_err(Into::into)?;
+            fut.await
-        }
+        };
 
-        Ok(())
+        res.map_err(Into::into).map_err(JobError::Processing)
     })
 }
 

jobs-core/src/lib.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 //! This crate shouldn't be depended on directly, except in the case of implementing a custom jobs
 //! processor. For a default solution based on Actix and Sled, look at the `background-jobs` crate.
 
+mod box_error;
 mod catch_unwind;
 mod job;
 mod job_info;
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ mod storage;
 mod unsend_job;
 
 pub use crate::{
+    box_error::BoxError,
     job::{new_job, new_scheduled_job, process, Job},
     job_info::{JobInfo, NewJobInfo, ReturnJobInfo},
     processor_map::{CachedProcessorMap, ProcessorMap},
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ pub use unsend_job::{JoinError, UnsendJob, UnsendSpawner};
 pub enum JobError {
     /// Some error occurred while processing the job
     #[error("{0}")]
-    Processing(#[from] Box<dyn std::error::Error>),
+    Processing(#[from] BoxError),
 
     /// Creating a `Job` type from the provided `serde_json::Value` failed
     #[error("Could not make JSON value from arguments")]

jobs-core/src/processor_map.rs

@@ -188,10 +188,11 @@ where
             ReturnJobInfo::pass(id)
         }
         Ok(Err(e)) => {
-            let display = format!("{}", e);
+            let display = format!("{e}");
-            let debug = format!("{:?}", e);
             span.record("exception.message", &tracing::field::display(&display));
+            let debug = format!("{e:?}");
             span.record("exception.details", &tracing::field::display(&debug));
+
             #[cfg(feature = "error-logging")]
             tracing::warn!("Job {queue}: {name}-{id} errored");
             ReturnJobInfo::fail(id)

jobs-core/src/unsend_job.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{Backoff, Job, MaxRetries};
+use crate::{Backoff, BoxError, Job, MaxRetries};
 use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, ser::Serialize};
 use std::{
     fmt::Debug,
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub trait UnsendJob: Serialize + DeserializeOwned + 'static {
     type State: Clone + 'static;
 
     /// The error type this job returns
-    type Error: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error>> + Send;
+    type Error: Into<BoxError>;
 
     /// The future returned by this job
     ///
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ where
     T: UnsendJob,
 {
     type State = T::State;
-    type Error = T::Error;
+    type Error = BoxError;
     type Future = UnwrapFuture<<T::Spawner as UnsendSpawner>::Handle<Result<(), Self::Error>>>;
 
     const NAME: &'static str = <Self as UnsendJob>::NAME;
@@ -161,7 +161,8 @@ where
 
     fn run(self, state: Self::State) -> Self::Future {
         UnwrapFuture(T::Spawner::spawn(
-            UnsendJob::run(self, state).instrument(Span::current()),
+            async move { UnsendJob::run(self, state).await.map_err(Into::into) }
+                .instrument(Span::current()),
         ))
     }
 

jobs-tokio/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-anyhow = "1.0.79"
 async-trait = "0.1.77"
 background-jobs-core = { version = "0.17.0", path = "../jobs-core" }
 metrics = "0.22.0"

jobs-tokio/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 //!
 //! ### Example
 //! ```rust
-//! use anyhow::Error;
+//! use background_jobs_core::{Backoff, Job, MaxRetries, BoxError};
-//! use background_jobs_core::{Backoff, Job, MaxRetries};
 //! use background_jobs_tokio::{TokioTimer, WorkerConfig};
 //! use std::future::{ready, Ready};
 //!
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@
 //! }
 //!
 //! #[tokio::main]
-//! async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+//! async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
 //!     // Set up our Storage
 //!     // For this example, we use the default in-memory storage mechanism
 //!     use background_jobs_core::memory_storage::Storage;
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@
 //!
 //! impl Job for MyJob {
 //!     type State = MyState;
-//!     type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+//!     type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 //!
 //!     // The name of the job. It is super important that each job has a unique name,
 //!     // because otherwise one job will overwrite another job when they're being
@@ -115,9 +114,9 @@
 //! }
 //! ```
 
-use anyhow::Error;
 use background_jobs_core::{
-    memory_storage::Timer, new_job, new_scheduled_job, Job, ProcessorMap, Storage as StorageTrait,
+    memory_storage::Timer, new_job, new_scheduled_job, BoxError, Job, ProcessorMap,
+    Storage as StorageTrait,
 };
 use std::{
     collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap},
@@ -314,7 +313,7 @@ impl QueueHandle {
     ///
     /// This job will be sent to the server for storage, and will execute whenever a worker for the
     /// job's queue is free to do so.
-    pub async fn queue<J>(&self, job: J) -> Result<(), Error>
+    pub async fn queue<J>(&self, job: J) -> Result<(), BoxError>
     where
         J: Job,
     {
@@ -327,7 +326,7 @@ impl QueueHandle {
     ///
     /// This job will be sent to the server for storage, and will execute after the specified time
     /// and when a worker for the job's queue is free to do so.
-    pub async fn schedule<J>(&self, job: J, after: SystemTime) -> Result<(), Error>
+    pub async fn schedule<J>(&self, job: J, after: SystemTime) -> Result<(), BoxError>
     where
         J: Job,
     {

jobs-tokio/src/storage.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 use std::{ops::Deref, sync::Arc};
 
-use background_jobs_core::{JobInfo, NewJobInfo, ReturnJobInfo, Storage as StorageTrait};
+use background_jobs_core::{BoxError, JobInfo, NewJobInfo, ReturnJobInfo, Storage as StorageTrait};
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub trait TokioStorage: Send + Sync {
-    async fn push(&self, job: NewJobInfo) -> anyhow::Result<Uuid>;
+    async fn push(&self, job: NewJobInfo) -> Result<Uuid, BoxError>;
 
-    async fn pop(&self, queue: &str, runner_id: Uuid) -> anyhow::Result<JobInfo>;
+    async fn pop(&self, queue: &str, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<JobInfo, BoxError>;
 
-    async fn heartbeat(&self, job_id: Uuid, worker_id: Uuid) -> anyhow::Result<()>;
+    async fn heartbeat(&self, job_id: Uuid, worker_id: Uuid) -> Result<(), BoxError>;
 
-    async fn complete(&self, return_job_info: ReturnJobInfo) -> anyhow::Result<()>;
+    async fn complete(&self, return_job_info: ReturnJobInfo) -> Result<(), BoxError>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -26,19 +26,22 @@ impl<S> TokioStorage for StorageWrapper<S>
 where
     S: StorageTrait + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
-    async fn push(&self, job: NewJobInfo) -> anyhow::Result<Uuid> {
+    async fn push(&self, job: NewJobInfo) -> Result<Uuid, BoxError> {
         self.0.push(job).await.map_err(From::from)
     }
 
-    async fn pop(&self, queue: &str, runner_id: Uuid) -> anyhow::Result<JobInfo> {
+    async fn pop(&self, queue: &str, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<JobInfo, BoxError> {
         self.0.pop(queue, runner_id).await.map_err(From::from)
     }
 
-    async fn heartbeat(&self, job_id: Uuid, runner_id: Uuid) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    async fn heartbeat(&self, job_id: Uuid, runner_id: Uuid) -> Result<(), BoxError> {
-        self.0.heartbeat(job_id, runner_id).await.map_err(From::from)
+        self.0
+            .heartbeat(job_id, runner_id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(From::from)
     }
 
-    async fn complete(&self, return_job_info: ReturnJobInfo) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    async fn complete(&self, return_job_info: ReturnJobInfo) -> Result<(), BoxError> {
         self.0
             .complete(return_job_info)
             .await

src/lib.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 //! ```toml
 //! [dependencies]
 //! actix-rt = "2.6.0"
-//! anyhow = "1.0"
 //! background-jobs = "0.15.0"
 //! serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 //! ```
@@ -39,8 +38,7 @@
 //! operation. They implment the `Job`, `serde::Serialize`, and `serde::DeserializeOwned`.
 //!
 //! ```rust,ignore
-//! use anyhow::Error;
+//! use background_jobs::[Job, BoxError};
-//! use background_jobs::Job;
 //! use std::future::{ready, Ready};
 //!
 //! #[derive(Clone, Debug, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
@@ -60,7 +58,8 @@
 //!
 //! impl Job for MyJob {
 //!     type State = ();
-//!     type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+//!     type Error = BoxError;
+//!     type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 //!
 //!     const NAME: &'static str = "MyJob";
 //!
@@ -80,8 +79,7 @@
 //! Let's re-define the job to care about some application state.
 //!
 //! ```rust,ignore
-//! use anyhow::Error;
+//! use background_jobs::[Job, BoxError};
-//! use background_jobs::Job;
 //! use std::future::{ready, Ready};
 //!
 //! #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -99,7 +97,8 @@
 //!
 //! impl Job for MyJob {
 //!     type State = MyState;
-//!     type Future = Ready<Result<(), Error>>;
+//!     type Error = BoxError;
+//!     type Future = Ready<Result<(), BoxError>>;
 //!
 //!     const NAME: &'static str = "MyJob";
 //!
@@ -123,11 +122,10 @@
 //!
 //! ##### Main
 //! ```rust,ignore
-//! use anyhow::Error;
+//! use background_jobs::{ServerConfig, memory_storage::Storage, actix::WorkerConfig, BoxError};
-//! use background_jobs::{ServerConfig, memory_storage::Storage, WorkerConfig};
 //!
 //! #[actix_rt::main]
-//! async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+//! async fn main() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
 //!     // Set up our Storage
 //!     let storage = Storage::new();
 //!
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@
 //! | `completion-logging` | Enables a tracing event that occurs whenever a job completes                                        |
 //! | `error-logging`      | Enables a tracing event that occurs whenever a job fails                                            |
 
-pub use background_jobs_core::{Backoff, Job, MaxRetries, UnsendJob, UnsendSpawner};
+pub use background_jobs_core::{Backoff, BoxError, Job, MaxRetries, UnsendJob, UnsendSpawner};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "metrics")]
 pub mod metrics {