use trait instead of pipeline

src/application.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use handler::{Reply, RouteHandler};
 use router::{Router, Pattern};
 use resource::Resource;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
-use channel::{HttpHandler, IntoHttpHandler};
+use channel::{HttpHandler, IntoHttpHandler, HttpHandlerTask};
 use pipeline::Pipeline;
 use middlewares::Middleware;
 use server::ServerSettings;
@@ -16,14 +16,12 @@ pub struct HttpApplication<S> {
     prefix: String,
     default: Resource<S>,
     router: Router<S>,
-    middlewares: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware>>>,
+    middlewares: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
 }
 
 impl<S: 'static> HttpApplication<S> {
 
-    fn run(&self, req: HttpRequest) -> Reply {
+    fn run(&self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply {
-        let mut req = req.with_state(Rc::clone(&self.state), self.router.clone());
-
         if let Some(h) = self.router.recognize(&mut req) {
             h.handle(req)
         } else {
@@ -34,10 +32,12 @@ impl<S: 'static> HttpApplication<S> {
 
 impl<S: 'static> HttpHandler for HttpApplication<S> {
 
-    fn handle(&self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Pipeline, HttpRequest> {
+    fn handle(&self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Box<HttpHandlerTask>, HttpRequest> {
         if req.path().starts_with(&self.prefix) {
-            Ok(Pipeline::new(req, Rc::clone(&self.middlewares),
+            let req = req.with_state(Rc::clone(&self.state), self.router.clone());
-                             &|req: HttpRequest| self.run(req)))
+
+            Ok(Box::new(Pipeline::new(req, Rc::clone(&self.middlewares),
+                                      &|req: HttpRequest<S>| self.run(req))))
         } else {
             Err(req)
         }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct ApplicationParts<S> {
     default: Resource<S>,
     resources: HashMap<Pattern, Option<Resource<S>>>,
     external: HashMap<String, Pattern>,
-    middlewares: Vec<Box<Middleware>>,
+    middlewares: Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>,
 }
 
 /// Structure that follows the builder pattern for building `Application` structs.
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl<S> Application<S> where S: 'static {
 
     /// Register a middleware
     pub fn middleware<T>(&mut self, mw: T) -> &mut Self
-        where T: Middleware + 'static
+        where T: Middleware<S> + 'static
     {
         self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish")
             .middlewares.push(Box::new(mw));
@@ -322,7 +322,8 @@ mod tests {
         let app = Application::with_state("/", 10)
             .resource("/", |r| r.h(httpcodes::HTTPOk))
             .finish();
+        let req = HttpRequest::default().with_state(Rc::clone(&app.state), app.router.clone());
         assert_eq!(
-            app.run(HttpRequest::default()).msg().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+            app.run(req).msg().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
     }
 }

src/channel.rs

@@ -8,20 +8,31 @@ use tokio_io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
 
 use h1;
 use h2;
-use pipeline::Pipeline;
+use error::Error;
+use h1writer::Writer;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use server::ServerSettings;
 
 /// Low level http request handler
 #[allow(unused_variables)]
 pub trait HttpHandler: 'static {
+
     /// Handle request
-    fn handle(&self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Pipeline, HttpRequest>;
+    fn handle(&self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Box<HttpHandlerTask>, HttpRequest>;
 
     /// Set server settings
     fn server_settings(&mut self, settings: ServerSettings) {}
 }
 
+pub trait HttpHandlerTask {
+
+    fn poll_io(&mut self, io: &mut Writer) -> Poll<bool, Error>;
+
+    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error>;
+
+    fn disconnected(&mut self);
+}
+
 /// Conversion helper trait
 pub trait IntoHttpHandler {
     /// The associated type which is result of conversion.
@@ -40,7 +51,7 @@ impl<T: HttpHandler> IntoHttpHandler for T {
 }
 
 enum HttpProtocol<T, H>
-    where T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + 'static, H: 'static
+    where T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + 'static, H: HttpHandler + 'static
 {
     H1(h1::Http1<T, H>),
     H2(h2::Http2<T, H>),
@@ -48,7 +59,7 @@ enum HttpProtocol<T, H>
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub struct HttpChannel<T, H>
-    where T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + 'static, H: 'static
+    where T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + 'static, H: HttpHandler + 'static
 {
     proto: Option<HttpProtocol<T, H>>,
 }

src/encoding.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut, BufMut, Writer};
 
 use body::{Body, Binary};
 use error::PayloadError;
-use httprequest::HttpRequest;
+use httprequest::HttpMessage;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 use payload::{PayloadSender, PayloadWriter};
 
@@ -336,8 +336,8 @@ impl Default for PayloadEncoder {
 
 impl PayloadEncoder {
 
-    pub fn new(req: &HttpRequest, resp: &mut HttpResponse) -> PayloadEncoder {
+    pub fn new(req: &HttpMessage, resp: &mut HttpResponse) -> PayloadEncoder {
-        let version = resp.version().unwrap_or_else(|| req.version());
+        let version = resp.version().unwrap_or_else(|| req.version);
         let mut body = resp.replace_body(Body::Empty);
         let has_body = match body {
             Body::Empty => false,
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ impl PayloadEncoder {
             let encoding = match *resp.content_encoding() {
                 ContentEncoding::Auto => {
                     // negotiate content-encoding
-                    if let Some(val) = req.headers().get(ACCEPT_ENCODING) {
+                    if let Some(val) = req.headers.get(ACCEPT_ENCODING) {
                         if let Ok(enc) = val.to_str() {
                             AcceptEncoding::parse(enc)
                         } else {

src/error.rs

@@ -491,12 +491,12 @@ pub struct ErrorNotFound<T>(pub T);
 ERROR_WRAP!(ErrorNotFound<T>, StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED* response.
+/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *METHOD NOT ALLOWED* response.
 pub struct ErrorMethodNotAllowed<T>(pub T);
 ERROR_WRAP!(ErrorMethodNotAllowed<T>, StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *REQUEST_TIMEOUT* response.
+/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *REQUEST TIMEOUT* response.
 pub struct ErrorRequestTimeout<T>(pub T);
 ERROR_WRAP!(ErrorRequestTimeout<T>, StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT);
 
@@ -511,17 +511,17 @@ pub struct ErrorGone<T>(pub T);
 ERROR_WRAP!(ErrorGone<T>, StatusCode::GONE);
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *PRECONDITION_FAILED* response.
+/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *PRECONDITION FAILED* response.
 pub struct ErrorPreconditionFailed<T>(pub T);
 ERROR_WRAP!(ErrorPreconditionFailed<T>, StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED);
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *EXPECTATION_FAILED* response.
+/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *EXPECTATION FAILED* response.
 pub struct ErrorExpectationFailed<T>(pub T);
 ERROR_WRAP!(ErrorExpectationFailed<T>, StatusCode::EXPECTATION_FAILED);
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR* response.
+/// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate *INTERNAL SERVER ERROR* response.
 pub struct ErrorInternalServerError<T>(pub T);
 ERROR_WRAP!(ErrorInternalServerError<T>, StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
 

src/h1.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use tokio_core::reactor::Timeout;
 
 use pipeline::Pipeline;
 use encoding::PayloadType;
-use channel::HttpHandler;
+use channel::{HttpHandler, HttpHandlerTask};
 use h1writer::H1Writer;
 use httpcodes::HTTPNotFound;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Http1<T: AsyncWrite + 'static, H: 'static> {
 }
 
 struct Entry {
-    pipe: Pipeline,
+    pipe: Box<HttpHandlerTask>,
     flags: EntryFlags,
 }
 

src/h1writer.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use http::header::{HeaderValue, CONNECTION, CONTENT_TYPE, DATE};
 use date;
 use body::Body;
 use encoding::PayloadEncoder;
-use httprequest::HttpRequest;
+use httprequest::HttpMessage;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 
 const AVERAGE_HEADER_SIZE: usize = 30; // totally scientific
@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@ const MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 65_536; // max buffer size 64k
 
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) enum WriterState {
+pub enum WriterState {
     Done,
     Pause,
 }
 
 /// Send stream
-pub(crate) trait Writer {
+pub trait Writer {
     fn written(&self) -> u64;
 
-    fn start(&mut self, req: &mut HttpRequest, resp: &mut HttpResponse)
+    fn start(&mut self, req: &mut HttpMessage, resp: &mut HttpResponse)
              -> Result<WriterState, io::Error>;
 
     fn write(&mut self, payload: &[u8]) -> Result<WriterState, io::Error>;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite> Writer for H1Writer<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn start(&mut self, req: &mut HttpRequest, msg: &mut HttpResponse)
+    fn start(&mut self, req: &mut HttpMessage, msg: &mut HttpResponse)
              -> Result<WriterState, io::Error>
     {
         trace!("Prepare response with status: {:?}", msg.status());
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite> Writer for H1Writer<T> {
         }
 
         // Connection upgrade
-        let version = msg.version().unwrap_or_else(|| req.version());
+        let version = msg.version().unwrap_or_else(|| req.version);
         if msg.upgrade() {
             msg.headers_mut().insert(CONNECTION, HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"));
         }

src/h2.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use tokio_core::reactor::Timeout;
 
 use pipeline::Pipeline;
 use h2writer::H2Writer;
-use channel::HttpHandler;
+use channel::{HttpHandler, HttpHandlerTask};
 use error::PayloadError;
 use encoding::PayloadType;
 use httpcodes::HTTPNotFound;
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ bitflags! {
 }
 
 struct Entry {
-    task: Pipeline,
+    task: Box<HttpHandlerTask>,
     payload: PayloadType,
     recv: RecvStream,
     stream: H2Writer,

src/h2writer.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use http::header::{HeaderValue, CONNECTION, CONTENT_TYPE, TRANSFER_ENCODING, DAT
 use date;
 use body::Body;
 use encoding::PayloadEncoder;
-use httprequest::HttpRequest;
+use httprequest::HttpMessage;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 use h1writer::{Writer, WriterState};
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ impl Writer for H2Writer {
         self.written
     }
 
-    fn start(&mut self, req: &mut HttpRequest, msg: &mut HttpResponse)
+    fn start(&mut self, req: &mut HttpMessage, msg: &mut HttpResponse)
              -> Result<WriterState, io::Error>
     {
         trace!("Prepare response with status: {:?}", msg.status());

src/httprequest.rs

@@ -19,18 +19,17 @@ use error::{ParseError, PayloadError, UrlGenerationError,
             MultipartError, CookieParseError, HttpRangeError, UrlencodedError};
 
 
-struct HttpMessage {
+pub struct HttpMessage {
-    version: Version,
+    pub version: Version,
-    method: Method,
+    pub method: Method,
-    uri: Uri,
+    pub uri: Uri,
-    headers: HeaderMap,
+    pub headers: HeaderMap,
-    extensions: Extensions,
+    pub extensions: Extensions,
-    params: Params<'static>,
+    pub params: Params<'static>,
-    cookies: Option<Vec<Cookie<'static>>>,
+    pub cookies: Option<Vec<Cookie<'static>>>,
-    addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
+    pub addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
-    payload: Payload,
+    pub payload: Payload,
-    info: Option<ConnectionInfo<'static>>,
+    pub info: Option<ConnectionInfo<'static>>,
-
 }
 
 impl Default for HttpMessage {
@@ -51,6 +50,27 @@ impl Default for HttpMessage {
     }
 }
 
+impl HttpMessage {
+
+    /// Checks if a connection should be kept alive.
+    pub fn keep_alive(&self) -> bool {
+        if let Some(conn) = self.headers.get(header::CONNECTION) {
+            if let Ok(conn) = conn.to_str() {
+                if self.version == Version::HTTP_10 && conn.contains("keep-alive") {
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    self.version == Version::HTTP_11 &&
+                        !(conn.contains("close") || conn.contains("upgrade"))
+                }
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.version != Version::HTTP_10
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// An HTTP Request
 pub struct HttpRequest<S=()>(Rc<HttpMessage>, Rc<S>, Option<Router<S>>);
 
@@ -101,6 +121,10 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
         unsafe{mem::transmute(r)}
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn get_inner(&mut self) -> &mut HttpMessage {
+        self.as_mut()
+    }
+
     /// Shared application state
     #[inline]
     pub fn state(&self) -> &S {

src/middlewares/defaultheaders.rs

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ impl DefaultHeaders {
     }
 }
 
-impl Middleware for DefaultHeaders {
+impl<S> Middleware<S> for DefaultHeaders {
 
-    fn response(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest, mut resp: HttpResponse) -> Response {
+    fn response(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse) -> Response {
         for (key, value) in self.0.iter() {
             if !resp.headers().contains_key(key) {
                 resp.headers_mut().insert(key, value.clone());

src/middlewares/logger.rs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ struct StartTime(time::Tm);
 
 impl Logger {
 
-    fn log(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest, resp: &HttpResponse) {
+    fn log<S>(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: &HttpResponse) {
         let entry_time = req.extensions().get::<StartTime>().unwrap().0;
 
         let render = |fmt: &mut Formatter| {
@@ -99,14 +99,14 @@ impl Logger {
     }
 }
 
-impl Middleware for Logger {
+impl<S> Middleware<S> for Logger {
 
-    fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest) -> Started {
+    fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Started {
         req.extensions().insert(StartTime(time::now()));
         Started::Done
     }
 
-    fn finish(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest, resp: &HttpResponse) -> Finished {
+    fn finish(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: &HttpResponse) -> Finished {
         self.log(req, resp);
         Finished::Done
     }
@@ -199,10 +199,10 @@ pub enum FormatText {
 
 impl FormatText {
 
-    fn render(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter,
+    fn render<S>(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter,
-              req: &HttpRequest,
+                 req: &HttpRequest<S>,
-              resp: &HttpResponse,
+                 resp: &HttpResponse,
-              entry_time: time::Tm) -> Result<(), fmt::Error>
+                 entry_time: time::Tm) -> Result<(), fmt::Error>
     {
         match *self {
             FormatText::Str(ref string) => fmt.write_str(string),

src/middlewares/mod.rs

@@ -46,22 +46,22 @@ pub enum Finished {
 
 /// Middleware definition
 #[allow(unused_variables)]
-pub trait Middleware {
+pub trait Middleware<S> {
 
     /// Method is called when request is ready. It may return
     /// future, which should resolve before next middleware get called.
-    fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest) -> Started {
+    fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Started {
         Started::Done
     }
 
     /// Method is called when handler returns response,
     /// but before sending http message to peer.
-    fn response(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest, resp: HttpResponse) -> Response {
+    fn response(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse) -> Response {
         Response::Done(resp)
     }
 
     /// Method is called after body stream get sent to peer.
-    fn finish(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest, resp: &HttpResponse) -> Finished {
+    fn finish(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: &HttpResponse) -> Finished {
         Finished::Done
     }
 }

src/middlewares/session.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use std::any::Any;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use serde_json;
@@ -79,18 +80,18 @@ unsafe impl Send for SessionImplBox {}
 unsafe impl Sync for SessionImplBox {}
 
 /// Session storage middleware
-pub struct SessionStorage<T>(T);
+pub struct SessionStorage<T, S>(T, PhantomData<S>);
 
-impl<T: SessionBackend> SessionStorage<T> {
+impl<S, T: SessionBackend<S>> SessionStorage<T, S> {
     /// Create session storage
-    pub fn new(backend: T) -> SessionStorage<T> {
+    pub fn new(backend: T) -> SessionStorage<T, S> {
-        SessionStorage(backend)
+        SessionStorage(backend, PhantomData)
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: SessionBackend> Middleware for SessionStorage<T> {
+impl<S: 'static, T: SessionBackend<S>> Middleware<S> for SessionStorage<T, S> {
 
-    fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest) -> Started {
+    fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Started {
         let mut req = req.clone();
 
         let fut = self.0.from_request(&mut req)
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ impl<T: SessionBackend> Middleware for SessionStorage<T> {
         Started::Future(Box::new(fut))
     }
 
-    fn response(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest, resp: HttpResponse) -> Response {
+    fn response(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse) -> Response {
         if let Some(s_box) = req.extensions().remove::<Arc<SessionImplBox>>() {
             s_box.0.write(resp)
         } else {
@@ -133,12 +134,12 @@ pub trait SessionImpl: 'static {
 
 /// Session's storage backend trait definition.
 #[doc(hidden)]
-pub trait SessionBackend: Sized + 'static {
+pub trait SessionBackend<S>: Sized + 'static {
     type Session: SessionImpl;
     type ReadFuture: Future<Item=Self::Session, Error=Error>;
 
     /// Parse the session from request and load data from a storage backend.
-    fn from_request(&self, request: &mut HttpRequest) -> Self::ReadFuture;
+    fn from_request(&self, request: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::ReadFuture;
 }
 
 /// Dummy session impl, does not do anything
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ impl CookieSessionInner {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn load(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest) -> HashMap<String, String> {
+    fn load<S>(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> HashMap<String, String> {
         if let Ok(cookies) = req.cookies() {
             for cookie in cookies {
                 if cookie.name() == self.name {
@@ -316,12 +317,12 @@ impl CookieSessionBackend {
     }
 }
 
-impl SessionBackend for CookieSessionBackend {
+impl<S> SessionBackend<S> for CookieSessionBackend {
 
     type Session = CookieSession;
     type ReadFuture = FutureResult<CookieSession, Error>;
 
-    fn from_request(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest) -> Self::ReadFuture {
+    fn from_request(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::ReadFuture {
         let state = self.0.load(req);
         FutOk(
             CookieSession {

src/pipeline.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use futures::{Async, Poll, Future, Stream};
 use futures::task::{Task as FutureTask, current as current_task};
 
+use channel::HttpHandlerTask;
 use body::{Body, BodyStream};
 use context::{Frame, IoContext};
 use error::{Error, UnexpectedTaskFrame};
@@ -14,23 +15,23 @@ use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 use middlewares::{Middleware, Finished, Started, Response};
 
-type Handler = Fn(HttpRequest) -> Reply;
+type Handler<S> = Fn(HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply;
-pub(crate) type PipelineHandler<'a> = &'a Fn(HttpRequest) -> Reply;
+pub(crate) type PipelineHandler<'a, S> = &'a Fn(HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply;
 
-pub struct Pipeline(PipelineState);
+pub struct Pipeline<S>(PipelineState<S>);
 
-enum PipelineState {
+enum PipelineState<S> {
     None,
     Error,
-    Starting(StartMiddlewares),
+    Starting(StartMiddlewares<S>),
-    Handler(WaitingResponse),
+    Handler(WaitingResponse<S>),
-    RunMiddlewares(RunMiddlewares),
+    RunMiddlewares(RunMiddlewares<S>),
-    Response(ProcessResponse),
+    Response(ProcessResponse<S>),
-    Finishing(FinishingMiddlewares),
+    Finishing(FinishingMiddlewares<S>),
-    Completed(Completed),
+    Completed(Completed<S>),
 }
 
-impl PipelineState {
+impl<S> PipelineState<S> {
 
     fn is_done(&self) -> bool {
         match *self {
@@ -71,16 +72,16 @@ impl PipelineState {
     }
 }
 
-struct PipelineInfo {
+struct PipelineInfo<S> {
-    req: HttpRequest,
+    req: HttpRequest<S>,
     count: usize,
-    mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware>>>,
+    mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
     context: Option<Box<IoContext>>,
     error: Option<Error>,
 }
 
-impl PipelineInfo {
+impl<S> PipelineInfo<S> {
-    fn new(req: HttpRequest) -> PipelineInfo {
+    fn new(req: HttpRequest<S>) -> PipelineInfo<S> {
         PipelineInfo {
             req: req,
             count: 0,
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ impl PipelineInfo {
     }
 
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(mut_from_ref))]
-    fn req_mut(&self) -> &mut HttpRequest {
+    fn req_mut(&self) -> &mut HttpRequest<S> {
         #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
         unsafe{mem::transmute(&self.req)}
     }
@@ -158,25 +159,30 @@ impl Future for DrainFut {
 }
 
 
-impl Pipeline {
+impl<S> Pipeline<S> {
 
-    pub fn new(req: HttpRequest,
+    pub fn new(req: HttpRequest<S>,
-               mw: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware>>>,
+               mw: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
-               handler: PipelineHandler) -> Pipeline
+               handler: PipelineHandler<S>) -> Pipeline<S>
     {
         Pipeline(StartMiddlewares::init(mw, req, handler))
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn error<R: Into<HttpResponse>>(err: R) -> Self {
+impl Pipeline<()> {
-        Pipeline(ProcessResponse::init(
+    pub fn error<R: Into<HttpResponse>>(err: R) -> Box<HttpHandlerTask> {
-            Box::new(PipelineInfo::new(HttpRequest::default())), err.into()))
+        Box::new(Pipeline(ProcessResponse::init(
+            PipelineInfo::new(HttpRequest::default()), err.into())))
     }
+}
 
-    pub(crate) fn disconnected(&mut self) {
+impl<S> HttpHandlerTask for Pipeline<S> {
+
+    fn disconnected(&mut self) {
         self.0.disconnect()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn poll_io<T: Writer>(&mut self, io: &mut T) -> Poll<bool, Error> {
+    fn poll_io(&mut self, io: &mut Writer) -> Poll<bool, Error> {
         loop {
             let state = mem::replace(&mut self.0, PipelineState::None);
             match state {
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@ impl Pipeline {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error> {
+    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error> {
         loop {
             let state = mem::replace(&mut self.0, PipelineState::None);
             match state {
@@ -327,16 +333,16 @@ impl Pipeline {
 type Fut = Box<Future<Item=Option<HttpResponse>, Error=Error>>;
 
 /// Middlewares start executor
-struct StartMiddlewares {
+struct StartMiddlewares<S> {
-    hnd: *mut Handler,
+    hnd: *mut Handler<S>,
     fut: Option<Fut>,
-    info: Box<PipelineInfo>,
+    info: PipelineInfo<S>,
 }
 
-impl StartMiddlewares {
+impl<S> StartMiddlewares<S> {
 
-    fn init(mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware>>>,
+    fn init(mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
-            req: HttpRequest, handler: PipelineHandler) -> PipelineState {
+            req: HttpRequest<S>, handler: PipelineHandler<S>) -> PipelineState<S> {
         let mut info = PipelineInfo {
             req: req,
             count: 0,
@@ -351,37 +357,37 @@ impl StartMiddlewares {
         loop {
             if info.count == len {
                 let reply = (&*handler)(info.req.clone());
-                return WaitingResponse::init(Box::new(info), reply)
+                return WaitingResponse::init(info, reply)
             } else {
                 match info.mws[info.count].start(&mut info.req) {
                     Started::Done =>
                         info.count += 1,
                     Started::Response(resp) =>
-                        return RunMiddlewares::init(Box::new(info), resp),
+                        return RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp),
                     Started::Future(mut fut) =>
                         match fut.poll() {
                             Ok(Async::NotReady) =>
                                 return PipelineState::Starting(StartMiddlewares {
                                     hnd: handler as *const _ as *mut _,
                                     fut: Some(fut),
-                                    info: Box::new(info)}),
+                                    info: info}),
                             Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => {
                                 if let Some(resp) = resp {
-                                    return RunMiddlewares::init(Box::new(info), resp);
+                                    return RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp);
                                 }
                                 info.count += 1;
                             }
                             Err(err) =>
-                                return ProcessResponse::init(Box::new(info), err.into()),
+                                return ProcessResponse::init(info, err.into()),
                         },
                     Started::Err(err) =>
-                        return ProcessResponse::init(Box::new(info), err.into()),
+                        return ProcessResponse::init(info, err.into()),
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState, PipelineState> {
+    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState<S>, PipelineState<S>> {
         let len = self.info.mws.len();
         'outer: loop {
             match self.fut.as_mut().unwrap().poll() {
@@ -421,14 +427,14 @@ impl StartMiddlewares {
 }
 
 // waiting for response
-struct WaitingResponse {
+struct WaitingResponse<S> {
-    info: Box<PipelineInfo>,
+    info: PipelineInfo<S>,
     stream: PipelineResponse,
 }
 
-impl WaitingResponse {
+impl<S> WaitingResponse<S> {
 
-    fn init(info: Box<PipelineInfo>, reply: Reply) -> PipelineState
+    fn init(info: PipelineInfo<S>, reply: Reply) -> PipelineState<S>
     {
         let stream = match reply.into() {
             ReplyItem::Message(resp) =>
@@ -443,7 +449,7 @@ impl WaitingResponse {
             WaitingResponse { info: info, stream: stream })
     }
 
-    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState, PipelineState> {
+    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState<S>, PipelineState<S>> {
         let stream = mem::replace(&mut self.stream, PipelineResponse::None);
 
         match stream {
@@ -494,15 +500,15 @@ impl WaitingResponse {
 }
 
 /// Middlewares response executor
-pub(crate) struct RunMiddlewares {
+struct RunMiddlewares<S> {
-    info: Box<PipelineInfo>,
+    info: PipelineInfo<S>,
     curr: usize,
     fut: Option<Box<Future<Item=HttpResponse, Error=Error>>>,
 }
 
-impl RunMiddlewares {
+impl<S> RunMiddlewares<S> {
 
-    fn init(mut info: Box<PipelineInfo>, mut resp: HttpResponse) -> PipelineState
+    fn init(mut info: PipelineInfo<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse) -> PipelineState<S>
     {
         if info.count == 0 {
             return ProcessResponse::init(info, resp);
@@ -532,7 +538,7 @@ impl RunMiddlewares {
         }
     }
 
-    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState, PipelineState> {
+    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState<S>, PipelineState<S>> {
         let len = self.info.mws.len();
 
         loop {
@@ -570,12 +576,12 @@ impl RunMiddlewares {
     }
 }
 
-struct ProcessResponse {
+struct ProcessResponse<S> {
     resp: HttpResponse,
     iostate: IOState,
     running: RunningState,
     drain: DrainVec,
-    info: Box<PipelineInfo>,
+    info: PipelineInfo<S>,
 }
 
 #[derive(PartialEq)]
@@ -625,9 +631,9 @@ impl Drop for DrainVec {
     }
 }
 
-impl ProcessResponse {
+impl<S> ProcessResponse<S> {
 
-    fn init(info: Box<PipelineInfo>, resp: HttpResponse) -> PipelineState
+    fn init(info: PipelineInfo<S>, resp: HttpResponse) -> PipelineState<S>
     {
         PipelineState::Response(
             ProcessResponse{ resp: resp,
@@ -637,14 +643,15 @@ impl ProcessResponse {
                              info: info})
     }
 
-    fn poll_io<T: Writer>(mut self, io: &mut T) -> Result<PipelineState, PipelineState> {
+    fn poll_io(mut self, io: &mut Writer) -> Result<PipelineState<S>, PipelineState<S>> {
         if self.drain.0.is_empty() && self.running != RunningState::Paused {
             // if task is paused, write buffer is probably full
 
             loop {
                 let result = match mem::replace(&mut self.iostate, IOState::Done) {
                     IOState::Response => {
-                        let result = match io.start(self.info.req_mut(), &mut self.resp) {
+                        let result = match io.start(self.info.req_mut().get_inner(),
+                                                    &mut self.resp) {
                             Ok(res) => res,
                             Err(err) => {
                                 self.info.error = Some(err.into());
@@ -804,15 +811,15 @@ impl ProcessResponse {
 }
 
 /// Middlewares start executor
-struct FinishingMiddlewares {
+struct FinishingMiddlewares<S> {
-    info: Box<PipelineInfo>,
+    info: PipelineInfo<S>,
     resp: HttpResponse,
     fut: Option<Box<Future<Item=(), Error=Error>>>,
 }
 
-impl FinishingMiddlewares {
+impl<S> FinishingMiddlewares<S> {
 
-    fn init(info: Box<PipelineInfo>, resp: HttpResponse) -> PipelineState {
+    fn init(info: PipelineInfo<S>, resp: HttpResponse) -> PipelineState<S> {
         if info.count == 0 {
             Completed::init(info)
         } else {
@@ -822,7 +829,7 @@ impl FinishingMiddlewares {
         }
     }
 
-    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState, PipelineState> {
+    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState<S>, PipelineState<S>> {
         loop {
             // poll latest fut
             let not_ready = if let Some(ref mut fut) = self.fut {
@@ -861,11 +868,11 @@ impl FinishingMiddlewares {
     }
 }
 
-struct Completed(Box<PipelineInfo>);
+struct Completed<S>(PipelineInfo<S>);
 
-impl Completed {
+impl<S> Completed<S> {
 
-    fn init(info: Box<PipelineInfo>) -> PipelineState {
+    fn init(info: PipelineInfo<S>) -> PipelineState<S> {
         if info.context.is_none() {
             PipelineState::None
         } else {
@@ -873,7 +880,7 @@ impl Completed {
         }
     }
 
-    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState, PipelineState> {
+    fn poll(mut self) -> Result<PipelineState<S>, PipelineState<S>> {
         match self.0.poll_context() {
             Ok(Async::NotReady) => Ok(PipelineState::Completed(self)),
             Ok(Async::Ready(())) => Ok(PipelineState::None),
@@ -890,11 +897,11 @@ mod tests {
     use tokio_core::reactor::Core;
     use futures::future::{lazy, result};
 
-    impl PipelineState {
+    impl<S> PipelineState<S> {
         fn is_none(&self) -> Option<bool> {
             if let PipelineState::None = *self { Some(true) } else { None }
         }
-        fn completed(self) -> Option<Completed> {
+        fn completed(self) -> Option<Completed<S>> {
             if let PipelineState::Completed(c) = self { Some(c) } else { None }
         }
     }

tests/test_server.rs

@@ -53,18 +53,18 @@ struct MiddlewareTest {
     finish: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
 }
 
-impl middlewares::Middleware for MiddlewareTest {
+impl<S> middlewares::Middleware<S> for MiddlewareTest {
-    fn start(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest) -> middlewares::Started {
+    fn start(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> middlewares::Started {
         self.start.store(self.start.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1, Ordering::Relaxed);
         middlewares::Started::Done
     }
 
-    fn response(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest, resp: HttpResponse) -> middlewares::Response {
+    fn response(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse) -> middlewares::Response {
         self.response.store(self.response.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1, Ordering::Relaxed);
         middlewares::Response::Done(resp)
     }
 
-    fn finish(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest, _: &HttpResponse) -> middlewares::Finished {
+    fn finish(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, _: &HttpResponse) -> middlewares::Finished {
         self.finish.store(self.finish.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1, Ordering::Relaxed);
         middlewares::Finished::Done
     }