diff --git a/crates/api/src/site/admin_block_instance.rs b/crates/api/src/site/admin_block_instance.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d68d28519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/api/src/site/admin_block_instance.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use activitypub_federation::config::Data;
+use actix_web::web::Json;
+use lemmy_api_common::{
+  context::LemmyContext,
+  site::{AdminBlockInstance, AdminBlockInstanceResponse},
+  utils::is_admin,
+};
+use lemmy_db_schema::source::federation_blocklist::{FederationBlockList, FederationBlockListForm};
+use lemmy_db_views::structs::LocalUserView;
+use lemmy_utils::error::LemmyResult;
+
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(context))]
+pub async fn block_instance(
+  data: Json<AdminBlockInstance>,
+  local_user_view: LocalUserView,
+  context: Data<LemmyContext>,
+) -> LemmyResult<Json<AdminBlockInstanceResponse>> {
+  is_admin(&local_user_view)?;
+
+  let instance_block_form = FederationBlockListForm {
+    instance_id: data.instance_id,
+    admin_person_id: Some(local_user_view.person.id),
+    reason: data.reason.clone(),
+    expires: data.expires,
+    updated: None,
+  };
+
+  if data.block {
+    FederationBlockList::block(&mut context.pool(), &instance_block_form).await?;
+  } else {
+    FederationBlockList::unblock(&mut context.pool(), &instance_block_form).await?;
+  }
+
+  Ok(Json(AdminBlockInstanceResponse {
+    blocked: data.block,
+  }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/api/src/site/mod.rs b/crates/api/src/site/mod.rs
index f18dea3d0..7c5b51cfb 100644
--- a/crates/api/src/site/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/api/src/site/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+pub mod admin_block_instance;
 pub mod block;
 pub mod federated_instances;
 pub mod leave_admin;
diff --git a/crates/api/src/site/mod_log.rs b/crates/api/src/site/mod_log.rs
index 8f5538566..d6aee8255 100644
--- a/crates/api/src/site/mod_log.rs
+++ b/crates/api/src/site/mod_log.rs
@@ -7,21 +7,10 @@ use lemmy_api_common::{
 use lemmy_db_schema::{source::local_site::LocalSite, ModlogActionType};
 use lemmy_db_views::structs::LocalUserView;
 use lemmy_db_views_moderator::structs::{
-  AdminPurgeCommentView,
-  AdminPurgeCommunityView,
-  AdminPurgePersonView,
-  AdminPurgePostView,
-  ModAddCommunityView,
-  ModAddView,
-  ModBanFromCommunityView,
-  ModBanView,
-  ModFeaturePostView,
-  ModHideCommunityView,
-  ModLockPostView,
-  ModRemoveCommentView,
-  ModRemoveCommunityView,
-  ModRemovePostView,
-  ModTransferCommunityView,
+  AdminBlockInstanceView, AdminPurgeCommentView, AdminPurgeCommunityView, AdminPurgePersonView,
+  AdminPurgePostView, ModAddCommunityView, ModAddView,
+  ModBanFromCommunityView, ModBanView, ModFeaturePostView, ModHideCommunityView, ModLockPostView,
+  ModRemoveCommentView, ModRemoveCommunityView, ModRemovePostView, ModTransferCommunityView,
   ModlogListParams,
 };
 use lemmy_utils::error::LemmyResult;
@@ -121,6 +110,7 @@ pub async fn get_mod_log(
     admin_purged_communities,
     admin_purged_posts,
     admin_purged_comments,
+    admin_block_instance,
   ) = if data.community_id.is_none() {
     (
       match type_ {
@@ -161,6 +151,12 @@ pub async fn get_mod_log(
         }
         _ => Default::default(),
       },
+      match type_ {
+        All | AdminBlockInstance if other_person_id.is_none() => {
+          AdminBlockInstanceView::list(&mut context.pool(), params).await?
+        }
+        _ => Default::default(),
+      },
     )
   } else {
     Default::default()
@@ -183,5 +179,6 @@ pub async fn get_mod_log(
     admin_purged_posts,
     admin_purged_comments,
     hidden_communities,
+    admin_block_instance,
   }))
 }
diff --git a/crates/api_common/src/site.rs b/crates/api_common/src/site.rs
index 91c6151d7..502a24e6a 100644
--- a/crates/api_common/src/site.rs
+++ b/crates/api_common/src/site.rs
@@ -2,13 +2,7 @@ use crate::federate_retry_sleep_duration;
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use lemmy_db_schema::{
   newtypes::{
-    CommentId,
-    CommunityId,
-    InstanceId,
-    LanguageId,
-    PersonId,
-    PostId,
-    RegistrationApplicationId,
+    CommentId, CommunityId, InstanceId, LanguageId, PersonId, PostId, RegistrationApplicationId,
   },
   source::{
     community::Community,
@@ -20,44 +14,20 @@ use lemmy_db_schema::{
     person::Person,
     tagline::Tagline,
   },
-  CommentSortType,
-  FederationMode,
-  ListingType,
-  ModlogActionType,
-  PostListingMode,
-  PostSortType,
-  RegistrationMode,
-  SearchType,
+  CommentSortType, FederationMode, ListingType, ModlogActionType, PostListingMode, PostSortType,
+  RegistrationMode, SearchType,
 };
 use lemmy_db_views::structs::{
-  CommentView,
-  LocalUserView,
-  PostView,
-  RegistrationApplicationView,
-  SiteView,
+  CommentView, LocalUserView, PostView, RegistrationApplicationView, SiteView,
 };
 use lemmy_db_views_actor::structs::{
-  CommunityFollowerView,
-  CommunityModeratorView,
-  CommunityView,
-  PersonView,
+  CommunityFollowerView, CommunityModeratorView, CommunityView, PersonView,
 };
 use lemmy_db_views_moderator::structs::{
-  AdminPurgeCommentView,
-  AdminPurgeCommunityView,
-  AdminPurgePersonView,
-  AdminPurgePostView,
-  ModAddCommunityView,
-  ModAddView,
-  ModBanFromCommunityView,
-  ModBanView,
-  ModFeaturePostView,
-  ModHideCommunityView,
-  ModLockPostView,
-  ModRemoveCommentView,
-  ModRemoveCommunityView,
-  ModRemovePostView,
-  ModTransferCommunityView,
+  AdminBlockInstanceView, AdminPurgeCommentView, AdminPurgeCommunityView, AdminPurgePersonView,
+  AdminPurgePostView, ModAddCommunityView, ModAddView, ModBanFromCommunityView, ModBanView,
+  ModFeaturePostView, ModHideCommunityView, ModLockPostView, ModRemoveCommentView,
+  ModRemoveCommunityView, ModRemovePostView, ModTransferCommunityView,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::skip_serializing_none;
@@ -183,6 +153,7 @@ pub struct GetModlogResponse {
   pub admin_purged_posts: Vec<AdminPurgePostView>,
   pub admin_purged_comments: Vec<AdminPurgeCommentView>,
   pub hidden_communities: Vec<ModHideCommunityView>,
+  pub admin_block_instance: Vec<AdminBlockInstanceView>,
 }
 
 #[skip_serializing_none]
@@ -660,3 +631,20 @@ pub struct BlockInstance {
 pub struct BlockInstanceResponse {
   pub blocked: bool,
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", derive(TS))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", ts(export))]
+pub struct AdminBlockInstance {
+  pub instance_id: InstanceId,
+  pub block: bool,
+  pub reason: Option<String>,
+  pub expires: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", derive(TS))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", ts(export))]
+pub struct AdminBlockInstanceResponse {
+  pub blocked: bool,
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/api_crud/src/site/update.rs b/crates/api_crud/src/site/update.rs
index 6c23adfb4..d2585ea43 100644
--- a/crates/api_crud/src/site/update.rs
+++ b/crates/api_crud/src/site/update.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ use lemmy_api_common::{
 use lemmy_db_schema::{
   source::{
     actor_language::SiteLanguage,
-    federation_allowlist::FederationAllowList,
-    federation_blocklist::FederationBlockList,
     local_site::{LocalSite, LocalSiteUpdateForm},
     local_site_rate_limit::{LocalSiteRateLimit, LocalSiteRateLimitUpdateForm},
     local_site_url_blocklist::LocalSiteUrlBlocklist,
@@ -152,12 +150,6 @@ pub async fn update_site(
     .await
     .ok();
 
-  // Replace the blocked and allowed instances
-  let allowed = data.allowed_instances.clone();
-  FederationAllowList::replace(&mut context.pool(), allowed).await?;
-  let blocked = data.blocked_instances.clone();
-  FederationBlockList::replace(&mut context.pool(), blocked).await?;
-
   if let Some(url_blocklist) = data.blocked_urls.clone() {
     let parsed_urls = check_urls_are_valid(&url_blocklist)?;
     LocalSiteUrlBlocklist::replace(&mut context.pool(), parsed_urls).await?;
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/impls/federation_blocklist.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/impls/federation_blocklist.rs
index 2a6e0671d..e5c7cfcbf 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/impls/federation_blocklist.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/impls/federation_blocklist.rs
@@ -1,49 +1,30 @@
 use crate::{
   schema::federation_blocklist,
-  source::{
-    federation_blocklist::{FederationBlockList, FederationBlockListForm},
-    instance::Instance,
-  },
+  source::federation_blocklist::{FederationBlockList, FederationBlockListForm},
   utils::{get_conn, DbPool},
 };
+use diesel::{delete, ExpressionMethods, QueryDsl};
 use diesel::{dsl::insert_into, result::Error};
-use diesel_async::{AsyncPgConnection, RunQueryDsl};
+use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 
 impl FederationBlockList {
-  pub async fn replace(pool: &mut DbPool<'_>, list_opt: Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+  pub async fn block(pool: &mut DbPool<'_>, form: &FederationBlockListForm) -> Result<Self, Error> {
     let conn = &mut get_conn(pool).await?;
-    conn
-      .build_transaction()
-      .run(|conn| {
-        Box::pin(async move {
-          if let Some(list) = list_opt {
-            Self::clear(conn).await?;
-
-            for domain in list {
-              // Upsert all of these as instances
-              let instance = Instance::read_or_create(&mut conn.into(), domain).await?;
-
-              let form = FederationBlockListForm {
-                instance_id: instance.id,
-                updated: None,
-              };
-              insert_into(federation_blocklist::table)
-                .values(form)
-                .get_result::<Self>(conn)
-                .await?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
-          } else {
-            Ok(())
-          }
-        }) as _
-      })
+    insert_into(federation_blocklist::table)
+      .values(form)
+      .get_result::<Self>(conn)
       .await
   }
-
-  async fn clear(conn: &mut AsyncPgConnection) -> Result<usize, Error> {
-    diesel::delete(federation_blocklist::table)
-      .execute(conn)
-      .await
+  pub async fn unblock(
+    pool: &mut DbPool<'_>,
+    form: &FederationBlockListForm,
+  ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    let conn = &mut get_conn(pool).await?;
+    delete(
+      federation_blocklist::table
+        .filter(federation_blocklist::dsl::instance_id.eq(form.instance_id)),
+    )
+    .get_result(conn)
+    .await
   }
 }
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/lib.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/lib.rs
index 7ee60cc1e..a67e1b0e3 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/lib.rs
@@ -215,6 +215,7 @@ pub enum ModlogActionType {
   AdminPurgeCommunity,
   AdminPurgePost,
   AdminPurgeComment,
+  AdminBlockInstance,
 }
 
 #[derive(
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/schema.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/schema.rs
index 9e80c4693..0562765fa 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/schema.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/schema.rs
@@ -282,6 +282,9 @@ diesel::table! {
         instance_id -> Int4,
         published -> Timestamptz,
         updated -> Nullable<Timestamptz>,
+        admin_person_id -> Nullable<Int4>,
+        reason -> Nullable<Text>,
+        expires -> Nullable<Timestamptz>,
     }
 }
 
@@ -955,6 +958,7 @@ diesel::joinable!(custom_emoji_keyword -> custom_emoji (custom_emoji_id));
 diesel::joinable!(email_verification -> local_user (local_user_id));
 diesel::joinable!(federation_allowlist -> instance (instance_id));
 diesel::joinable!(federation_blocklist -> instance (instance_id));
+diesel::joinable!(federation_blocklist -> person (admin_person_id));
 diesel::joinable!(federation_queue_state -> instance (instance_id));
 diesel::joinable!(instance_actions -> instance (instance_id));
 diesel::joinable!(instance_actions -> person (person_id));
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/source/federation_blocklist.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/source/federation_blocklist.rs
index 2176ce42d..367a97089 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/source/federation_blocklist.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/source/federation_blocklist.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-use crate::newtypes::InstanceId;
+use crate::newtypes::{InstanceId, PersonId};
 #[cfg(feature = "full")]
 use crate::schema::federation_blocklist;
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
+use ts_rs::TS;
 
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(
   feature = "full",
-  derive(Queryable, Selectable, Associations, Identifiable)
+  derive(TS, Queryable, Selectable, Associations, Identifiable)
 )]
 #[cfg_attr(
   feature = "full",
@@ -17,10 +18,15 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "full", diesel(table_name = federation_blocklist))]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "full", diesel(primary_key(instance_id)))]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "full", diesel(check_for_backend(diesel::pg::Pg)))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", ts(export))]
 pub struct FederationBlockList {
   pub instance_id: InstanceId,
   pub published: DateTime<Utc>,
   pub updated: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+  // TODO: would be good to make this mandatory but value doesnt exist for old entries
+  pub admin_person_id: Option<PersonId>,
+  pub reason: Option<String>,
+  pub expires: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
@@ -29,4 +35,7 @@ pub struct FederationBlockList {
 pub struct FederationBlockListForm {
   pub instance_id: InstanceId,
   pub updated: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+  pub admin_person_id: Option<PersonId>,
+  pub reason: Option<String>,
+  pub expires: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
 }
diff --git a/crates/db_views_moderator/src/admin_block_instance.rs b/crates/db_views_moderator/src/admin_block_instance.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..909cb6de6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/db_views_moderator/src/admin_block_instance.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+use crate::structs::{AdminBlockInstanceView, ModlogListParams};
+use diesel::{
+  result::Error,
+  BoolExpressionMethods,
+  ExpressionMethods,
+  IntoSql,
+  JoinOnDsl,
+  NullableExpressionMethods,
+  QueryDsl,
+};
+use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
+use lemmy_db_schema::{
+  newtypes::PersonId,
+  schema::{federation_blocklist, instance, person},
+  utils::{functions::coalesce, get_conn, limit_and_offset, DbPool},
+};
+
+impl AdminBlockInstanceView {
+  pub async fn list(pool: &mut DbPool<'_>, params: ModlogListParams) -> Result<Vec<Self>, Error> {
+    let conn = &mut get_conn(pool).await?;
+
+    let admin_person_id_join = params.mod_person_id.unwrap_or(PersonId(-1));
+    let show_mod_names = !params.hide_modlog_names;
+    let show_mod_names_expr = show_mod_names.as_sql::<diesel::sql_types::Bool>();
+
+    let admin_names_join = coalesce(federation_blocklist::admin_person_id, 0)
+      .eq(person::id)
+      .and(show_mod_names_expr.or(person::id.eq(admin_person_id_join)));
+    let mut query = federation_blocklist::table
+      .left_join(person::table.on(admin_names_join))
+      .inner_join(instance::table)
+      .select((
+        federation_blocklist::all_columns,
+        instance::all_columns,
+        person::all_columns.nullable(),
+      ))
+      .into_boxed();
+
+    if let Some(admin_person_id) = params.mod_person_id {
+      query = query.filter(federation_blocklist::admin_person_id.eq(admin_person_id));
+    };
+
+    // If a post or comment ID is given, then don't find any results
+    if params.post_id.is_some() || params.comment_id.is_some() {
+      return Ok(vec![]);
+    }
+
+    let (limit, offset) = limit_and_offset(params.page, params.limit)?;
+
+    query
+      .limit(limit)
+      .offset(offset)
+      .order_by(federation_blocklist::published.desc())
+      .load::<AdminBlockInstanceView>(conn)
+      .await
+  }
+}
diff --git a/crates/db_views_moderator/src/lib.rs b/crates/db_views_moderator/src/lib.rs
index d3e7efffd..2da1555b5 100644
--- a/crates/db_views_moderator/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/db_views_moderator/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #[cfg(feature = "full")]
+pub mod admin_block_instance;
+#[cfg(feature = "full")]
 pub mod admin_purge_comment_view;
 #[cfg(feature = "full")]
 pub mod admin_purge_community_view;
diff --git a/crates/db_views_moderator/src/structs.rs b/crates/db_views_moderator/src/structs.rs
index 27ee82522..06177bfaa 100644
--- a/crates/db_views_moderator/src/structs.rs
+++ b/crates/db_views_moderator/src/structs.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ use lemmy_db_schema::{
   source::{
     comment::Comment,
     community::Community,
+    federation_blocklist::FederationBlockList,
+    instance::Instance,
     moderator::{
       AdminPurgeComment,
       AdminPurgeCommunity,
@@ -233,6 +235,19 @@ pub struct AdminPurgePostView {
   pub community: Community,
 }
 
+#[skip_serializing_none]
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", derive(TS, Queryable))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", diesel(check_for_backend(diesel::pg::Pg)))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", ts(export))]
+/// When an admin purges a post.
+pub struct AdminBlockInstanceView {
+  pub blocklist_entry: FederationBlockList,
+  pub instance: Instance,
+  #[cfg_attr(feature = "full", ts(optional))]
+  pub admin: Option<Person>,
+}
+
 #[skip_serializing_none]
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "full", derive(TS, Queryable))]
diff --git a/migrations/2024-11-19-142005_instance-block-mod-log/down.sql b/migrations/2024-11-19-142005_instance-block-mod-log/down.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7444ade78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/2024-11-19-142005_instance-block-mod-log/down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+alter table federation_blocklist drop column reason;
+alter table federation_blocklist drop column expires;
+alter table federation_blocklist drop column admin_person_id;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/migrations/2024-11-19-142005_instance-block-mod-log/up.sql b/migrations/2024-11-19-142005_instance-block-mod-log/up.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8dca983c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/2024-11-19-142005_instance-block-mod-log/up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+alter table federation_blocklist add column admin_person_id int REFERENCES person(id) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE;
+alter table federation_blocklist add column reason text;
+alter table federation_blocklist add column expires timestamptz;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/scheduled_tasks.rs b/src/scheduled_tasks.rs
index 5900fe39f..8a370f99f 100644
--- a/src/scheduled_tasks.rs
+++ b/src/scheduled_tasks.rs
@@ -19,15 +19,7 @@ use lemmy_api_common::{
 use lemmy_api_crud::post::create::send_webmention;
 use lemmy_db_schema::{
   schema::{
-    captcha_answer,
-    comment,
-    community,
-    community_actions,
-    instance,
-    person,
-    post,
-    received_activity,
-    sent_activity,
+    captcha_answer, comment, community, community_actions, federation_blocklist, instance, person, post, received_activity, sent_activity
   },
   source::{
     community::Community,
@@ -439,6 +431,15 @@ async fn update_banned_when_expired(pool: &mut DbPool<'_>) {
       .await
       .inspect_err(|e| error!("Failed to remove community_ban expired rows: {e}"))
       .ok();
+
+      // TODO: need separate table for modlog, otherwise entry will disappear
+      diesel::delete(
+        federation_blocklist::table.filter(federation_blocklist::expires.lt(now().nullable())),
+      )
+      .execute(&mut conn)
+      .await
+      .inspect_err(|e| error!("Failed to remove federation_blocklist expired rows: {e}"))
+      .ok();
     }
     Err(e) => {
       error!("Failed to get connection from pool: {e}");