diff --git a/http-signature-normalization-actix/examples/client.rs b/http-signature-normalization-actix/examples/client.rs
index a1ee1b9..6bacab9 100644
--- a/http-signature-normalization-actix/examples/client.rs
+++ b/http-signature-normalization-actix/examples/client.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use actix::System;
 use actix_web::client::Client;
+use failure::Fail;
 use futures::future::{lazy, Future};
 use http_signature_normalization_actix::prelude::*;
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
@@ -31,10 +32,13 @@ fn main() {
         .unwrap();
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
 pub enum MyError {
-    Convert(ToStrError),
-    Header(InvalidHeaderValue),
+    #[fail(display = "Failed to read header, {}", _0)]
+    Convert(#[cause] ToStrError),
+
+    #[fail(display = "Failed to create header, {}", _0)]
+    Header(#[cause] InvalidHeaderValue),
 }
 
 impl From<ToStrError> for MyError {
diff --git a/http-signature-normalization-actix/examples/server.rs b/http-signature-normalization-actix/examples/server.rs
index 7eb91e6..69c920b 100644
--- a/http-signature-normalization-actix/examples/server.rs
+++ b/http-signature-normalization-actix/examples/server.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use actix::System;
 use actix_web::{web, App, HttpRequest, HttpServer, ResponseError};
+use failure::Fail;
 use http_signature_normalization_actix::{prelude::*, verify::Algorithm};
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
-use std::fmt;
 
 fn index((req, config): (HttpRequest, web::Data<Config>)) -> Result<&'static str, MyError> {
     let unverified = req.begin_verify(&config)?;
@@ -37,37 +37,15 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
 enum MyError {
-    Verify(VerifyError),
+    #[fail(display = "Failed to verify, {}", _0)]
+    Verify(#[cause] VerifyError),
+
+    #[fail(display = "Unsupported algorithm")]
     Algorithm,
 }
 
-impl fmt::Display for MyError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        match *self {
-            MyError::Verify(ref e) => write!(f, "Verify Error, {}", e),
-            MyError::Algorithm => write!(f, "Unsupported algorithm"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::error::Error for MyError {
-    fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        match *self {
-            MyError::Verify(ref e) => e.description(),
-            MyError::Algorithm => "Unsupported algorithm",
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> {
-        match *self {
-            MyError::Verify(ref e) => Some(e),
-            MyError::Algorithm => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl ResponseError for MyError {
     // default 500
 }
diff --git a/http-signature-normalization-actix/src/lib.rs b/http-signature-normalization-actix/src/lib.rs
index c362a8d..87ed363 100644
--- a/http-signature-normalization-actix/src/lib.rs
+++ b/http-signature-normalization-actix/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,8 @@ use actix_web::http::{
     uri::PathAndQuery,
     Method,
 };
-use std::{
-    collections::BTreeMap,
-    error::Error,
-    fmt::{self, Display},
-};
+use failure::Fail;
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt::Display};
 
 mod sign;
 
@@ -55,10 +52,13 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub config: http_signature_normalization::Config,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
 pub enum VerifyError {
-    Sig(http_signature_normalization::VerifyError),
-    Header(ToStrError),
+    #[fail(display = "Signature error, {}", _0)]
+    Sig(#[cause] http_signature_normalization::VerifyError),
+
+    #[fail(display = "Failed to read header, {}", _0)]
+    Header(#[cause] ToStrError),
 }
 
 impl Config {
@@ -107,31 +107,6 @@ impl Config {
     }
 }
 
-impl fmt::Display for VerifyError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        match *self {
-            VerifyError::Sig(ref e) => write!(f, "Sig error, {}", e),
-            VerifyError::Header(ref e) => write!(f, "Header error, {}", e),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Error for VerifyError {
-    fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        match *self {
-            VerifyError::Sig(ref e) => e.description(),
-            VerifyError::Header(ref e) => e.description(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
-        match *self {
-            VerifyError::Sig(ref e) => Some(e),
-            VerifyError::Header(ref e) => Some(e),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl From<http_signature_normalization::VerifyError> for VerifyError {
     fn from(e: http_signature_normalization::VerifyError) -> Self {
         VerifyError::Sig(e)