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499 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
499 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
---
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short-description: Setting up a development environment the modern way
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authors:
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- name: Nirbheek Chauhan
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email: nirbheek@centricular.com
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years: [2021]
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...
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# Building from source using Cerbero
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**If you just want to use GStreamer, please visit [the download page](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/download/).
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We provide pre-built binaries for Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS**.
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Cerbero is a cross-platform build aggregator for Open Source projects that
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builds and creates native packages for different platforms, architectures and
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distributions. It supports both native compilation and cross compilation and
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can run on macOS, Linux, and Windows.
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You should use Cerbero to build GStreamer if you:
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1. Want to do GStreamer development for Android, iOS, or UWP, or
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1. Have to build GStreamer packages for distribution or deployment, or
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1. Need plugins with external dependencies without Meson ports
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However, if you are a developer who wants to work on the GStreamer code itself
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on Linux, Windows, or macOS, it is much more convenient to use gst-build.
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Please refer to [Building using Meson](installing/building-from-source-using-meson.md).
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## Minimum Requirements
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Cerbero provides bootstrapping facilities for all platforms, but it still needs a
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minimum base to bootstrap on top of.
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### Linux Setup
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On Linux, you will only need a distribution with python >= 3.6. Cerbero will
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use your package manager to install all other required packages during
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[bootstrap](#bootstrap-to-setup-environment).
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### macOS Setup
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On macOS you will need to have install the following software:
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* XCode
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* Python 3.6+ https://www.python.org/downloads/
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Cerbero will build all other required packages during [bootstrap](#bootstrap-to-setup-environment).
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### Windows Setup
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The initial setup on Windows is somewhat longer since the required packages
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must be installed manually. Detailed steps on what you need to install are
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**[at the bottom of the page](#installing-minimum-requirements-on-windows)**.
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## Download the sources
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To build GStreamer using Cerbero, you first need to download **Cerbero**:
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```sh
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$ git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/cerbero
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```
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This will build the latest unreleased GStreamer code.
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Despite the presence of `setup.py` this tool does not need installation. It is
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invoked via the `cerbero-uninstalled` script, which should be invoked as
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`./cerbero-uninstalled`, or you can create an alias to it in your `.bashrc`
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file.
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You can build a specific release by checking out that tag, for example `git
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checkout 1.18.4`. Building a release tag will cause Cerbero to use the release
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tarballs instead of git repositories when fetching gstreamer recipes for
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building.
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You can also build the latest unreleased 'stable branch' code, for instance for
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1.18 you'd do: `git checkout 1.18`, or `git clone -b 1.18 [...]`, which will
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fetch the corresponding stable branches when building gstreamer recipes.
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You can also use git worktrees, which may be more convenient when building
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several different versions of gstreamer since the build artefacts always go
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into the `build` directory inside the git repository.
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## Bootstrap to setup environment
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Before using cerbero for the first time, you will need to run the bootstrap
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command. This command installs the missing parts of the build system using the
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packages manager when available, and also downloads the necessary toolchains
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when building for Windows/MinGW or Android.
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Note that this will take a while (a couple hours or even more on Windows).
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled bootstrap
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```
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On Linux and macOS, this will use `sudo` to make changes to the system.
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The bootstrap process will then install or build all packages required to build
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GStreamer.
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## Build GStreamer
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To generate GStreamer binaries, use the following command:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled package gstreamer-1.0
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```
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This will fetch and build all required GStreamer components and create packages
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for your distribution, then place them in the Cerbero source directory.
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A list of supported packages to build can be retrieved using:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled list-packages
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```
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Packages are composed of 0 (in case of a meta package) or more
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components that can be built separately if desired. The components are
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defined as individual recipes and can be listed with:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled list
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```
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To build an individual recipe and its dependencies, do the following:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled build <recipe_name>
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```
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Or to build or force a rebuild of a recipe without building its
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dependencies use:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled buildone <recipe_name>
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```
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To wipe everything and start from scratch:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled wipe
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```
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Once built, the binaries built by all the recipes will be installed inside
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a auto-detected prefix inside the `build` directory in the Cerbero source tree.
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## Cross Compilation
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If you're using Cerbero to cross-compile to iOS, Android, Cross-MinGW, or UWP,
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you must select the appropriate config file and pass it to all steps:
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bootstrap, build, package, etc.
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For example if you're on Linux and you want to build for Android Universal, you
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must run:
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```sh
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# Bootstrap for Android Universal on Linux
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -c config/cross-android-universal.cbc bootstrap
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# Build everything and package for Android Universal
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -c config/cross-android-universal.cbc package gstreamer-1.0
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```
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Here's a list of config files for each target machine:
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#### Linux Targets
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| Target | Config file |
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|-------------------|-------------|
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| MinGW 32-bit | `cross-win32.cbc` |
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| MinGW 64-bit | `cross-win64.cbc` |
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| Android Universal | `cross-android-universal.cbc` |
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| Android ARM64 | `cross-android-arm64.cbc` |
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| Android ARMv7 | `cross-android-armv7.cbc` |
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| Android x86 | `cross-android-x86.cbc` |
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| Android x86_64 | `cross-android-x86-64.cbc` |
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#### macOS Targets
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| Target | Config file |
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|------------------------|-------------|
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| macOS System Framework | `osx-x86-64.cbc` |
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| iOS Universal | `cross-ios-universal.cbc` |
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| iOS ARM64 | `cross-ios-arm64.cbc` |
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| iOS ARMv7 | `cross-ios-armv7.cbc` |
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| iOS x86 | `cross-ios-x86.cbc` |
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| iOS x86_64 | `cross-ios-x86-64.cbc` |
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#### Windows Targets
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On Windows, config files are used to select the architecture and variants are
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used to select the toolchain (MinGW, MSVC, UWP):
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| Target | Config file | Variant |
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|-----------------|---------------------------|---------|
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| MinGW x86 | `win32.cbc` | |
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| MinGW x86_64 | `win64.cbc` | |
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| MSVC x86 | `win32.cbc` | visualstudio |
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| MSVC x86_64 | `win64.cbc` | visualstudio |
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| UWP x86 | `win32.cbc` | uwp |
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| UWP x86_64 | `win64.cbc` | uwp |
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| UWP ARM64 | `cross-win-arm64.cbc` | uwp |
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| UWP Universal | `cross-uwp-universal.cbc` | (implicitly uwp) |
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Example usage:
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```sh
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# Target MinGW 32-bit
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -c config/win32.cbc package gstreamer-1.0
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# Target MSVC 64-bit
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -c config/win64.cbc -v visualstudio package gstreamer-1.0
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# Target UWP, x86_64
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -c config/win64.cbc -v uwp package gstreamer-1.0
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# Target UWP, Cross ARM64
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -c config/cross-win-arm64.cbc -v uwp package gstreamer-1.0
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# Target UWP, All Supported Arches
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -c config/cross-uwp-universal.cbc package gstreamer-1.0
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```
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## Tips for CI setup
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Cerbero can split its bootstrap and package commands into stages which can be
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useful for CI setups. For example, you might want to do any system setup (such
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as installing packages) and also fetch all sources to cache them when building
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your CI image:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled fetch-bootstrap
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled fetch-package gstreamer-1.0
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# This will use "sudo"
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled bootstrap --system=yes --toolchains=no --build-tools=no --offline
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```
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Then inside your CI job, you will not need root for the remaining steps:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled bootstrap --system=no --toolchains=yes --build-tools=yes --offline
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# When building a non-tagged commit, this will update the git repos for all gstreamer recipes
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled fetch-package gstreamer-1.0
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled package gstreamer-1.0 --offline
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```
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For more inspiration, see [GStreamer's GitLab CI setup](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gst-ci).
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## Enabling Optional Features with Variants
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Cerbero controls optional and platform-specific features with `variants`. You
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can see a full list of available variants by running:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled --list-variants
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```
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Some variants are enabled by default while others are not. You can enable
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a particular variant by doing one of the following:
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* Either invoke `cerbero-uninstalled` with the `-v` argument, for example:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -v variantname [-c ...] package gstreamer-1.0
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```
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* Or, edit `~/.cerbero/cerbero.cbc` and add `variants = ['variantname']` at the
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bottom. Create the file if it doesn't exist.
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Multiple variants can either be separated by a comma or with multiple `-v`
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arguments, for example the following are equivalent:
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```sh
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -v variantname1,variantname2 [-c ...] package gstreamer-1.0
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -v variantname1 -v variantname2 [-c ...] package gstreamer-1.0
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```
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To explicitly disable a variant, use `novariantname` instead.
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In the case of multiple enabling/disable of the same variant, then the last
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condition on the command line will take effect. e.g. if novariantname is last
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then variantname is disabled.
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### Enabling Qt5 Support
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Starting with version 1.15.2, Cerbero has built-in support for building the Qt5
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QML GStreamer plugin. You can toggle that on by
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[enabling the `qt5` variant](#enabling-optional-features-with-variants).
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You must also tell Cerbero where your Qt5 installation prefix is. You can do it
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by setting the `QMAKE` environment variable to point to the `qmake` that you
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want to use, f.ex. `/path/to/Qt5.12.0/5.12.0/ios/bin/qmake`
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When building for Android Universal with Qt < 5.14, instead of `QMAKE`, you
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**must** set the `QT5_PREFIX` environment variable pointed to the directory
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inside your prefix which contains all the android targets, f.ex.
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`/path/to/Qt5.12.0/5.12.0`.
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Next, run `package`:
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```sh
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$ export QMAKE='/path/to/Qt5.12.0/5.12.0/<target>/bin/qmake'
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$ ./cerbero-uninstalled -v qt5 [-c ...] package gstreamer-1.0
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```
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This will try to build the Qt5 QML plugin and error out if Qt5 could not be
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found or if the plugin could not be built. The plugin will be automatically
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added to the package outputted.
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**NOTE:** The package outputted will not contain a copy of the Qt5 libraries in
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it. You must link to them while building your app yourself.
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## Enabling Hardware Codec Support
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Starting with version 1.15.2, Cerbero has built-in support for building and
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packaging hardware codecs for Intel and Nvidia. If the appropriate variant is
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enabled, the plugin will either be built or Cerbero will error out if that's
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not possible.
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### Intel Hardware Codecs
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For Intel, the [variant to enable](#enabling-optional-features-with-variants)
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is `intelmsdk` which will build the `msdk` plugin.
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You must set the `INTELMEDIASDKROOT` env var to point to your [Intel Media
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SDK](https://software.intel.com/en-us/media-sdk) prefix, or you must have the
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SDK's pkgconfig prefix in `PKG_CONFIG_PATH`
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On Windows, `INTELMEDIASDKROOT` automatically set by the installer. On Linux,
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if you need to set this, you must set it to point to the directory that
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contains the mediasdk `include` and `lib64` dirs.
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For VA-API, the [variant to enable](#enabling-optional-features-with-variants)
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is `vaapi` which will build the gstreamer-vaapi plugins with all
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options enabled if possible.
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### Nvidia Hardware Codecs
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Since 1.17.1, the `nvcodec` plugin does not need access to the Nvidia Video SDK
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or the CUDA SDK. It now loads everything at runtime. Hence, it is now enabled
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by default on all platforms.
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## Enabling Visual Studio Support
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Starting with version 1.15.2, Cerbero supports building all GStreamer recipes,
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all mandatory dependencies (such as glib, libffi, zlib, etc), and some external
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dependencies with Visual Studio. You must explicitly opt-in to this by [enabling
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the `visualstudio` variant](#enabling-optional-features-with-variants):
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```sh
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$ python ./cerbero-uninstalled -v visualstudio package gstreamer-1.0
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```
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If you already have a Cerbero build, it is highly recommended to run the `wipe`
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command before switching to building with Visual Studio.
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[Some plugins that require external dependencies will be automatically
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disabled](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/cerbero/issues/121) when
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running in this mode.
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Currently, most recipes that use Meson (`btype = BuildType.MESON`) and those
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that have the `can_msvc` recipe property set to `True` are built with Visual
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Studio.
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## Installing Minimum Requirements on Windows
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**IMPORTANT:** Using cerbero on Windows with the [GCC/MinGW
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toolchain](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/cerbero/-/blob/master/docs/toolchains.md#windows)
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requires a 64-bit operating system. The toolchain is only available for 64-bit
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and it can produce 32-bit or 64-bit binaries.
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These steps are necessary for using Cerbero on Windows.
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#### Install Python 3.6 or newer (either 32-bit or 64-bit)
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Download the [Windows executable installer](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
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and run it.
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* On the first page of the installer, select the following:
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* On the second page, the defaults are fine
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* Third page, you must select the following options:
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* Enabled or Install [.NET 3.5.1 Framework](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/install/dotnet-35-windows-10)
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* On Windows 10, remove the Windows Store path entry from the PATH variable in the system settings. Otherwise, Cerbero will try to use the dummy Windows Store version of Python
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#### Install Git for Windows
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Download the [Git for Windows installer](https://gitforwindows.org/) and run it.
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* First page is the license
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* Next page is `Select Components`, the defaults are fine, enable whatever else you prefer
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* Next `Choosing the default editor used by Git`, select whatever you prefer
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* Next `Adjusting your PATH environment`, you *must* select as shown in the screenshot
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* Next `Choosing HTTPS transport backend`, default is fine
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* Next `Configuring the line ending conversions`, you *must* select as shown in the screenshot
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* Next `Configuring the terminal emulator`, default is fine
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* Next `Configuring extra options`, defaults are fine
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Git will be installed at `C:\Program Files\Git`.
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#### Install MSYS/MinGW
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Download the [`mingw-get-setup` executable installer](http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-setup.exe/download) and run it.
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* First page, keep all the options as-is
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* Second page will download the latest package catalogue and base packages
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* Once done, the MinGW Installation Manager will open, select the following
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packages under Basic Setup:
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Then, click on the `Installation` menu and select `Apply Changes`. MSYS will be
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installed at `C:\MinGW`.
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**IMPORTANT:** After installation, you must create a shortcut on the desktop to
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`C:\MinGW\msys\1.0\msys.bat` which will run the MinGW shell. **You must run
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Cerbero from inside that**.
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**NOTE**: Cerbero does not use the MinGW compiler toolchain shipped with MSYS.
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We download our own custom [GCC toolchain](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/cerbero/-/blob/master/docs/toolchains.md#gcc-mingw)
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during [bootstrap](#bootstrap-to-setup-environment).
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**NOTE**: MSYS is not the same as [MSYS2](https://www.msys2.org/), and the
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GStreamer project does not support running Cerbero inside the MSYS2
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environment. Things may work or they may break, and you get to keep the pieces.
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#### Install Visual Studio 2015 or newer
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This is needed for correctly generating import libraries for recipes built with
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MinGW. Both the Community build and the Professional build are supported.
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You must install the latest Windows 10 SDK when installing Visual Studio as
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shown below. You do not need any older Windows SDKs.
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If you want to build for UWP (aka Universal Windows Platform), you have to use
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VS 2017 or newer, and you must *also* select the Universal Windows Platform
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workload:
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You can find all versions of Visual Studio at:
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https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/older-downloads/
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#### Install other tools
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* CMake: http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html
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* WiX 3.11.1 installer: https://github.com/wixtoolset/wix3/releases/tag/wix3111rtm
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#### Important Windows-specific Notes
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You should add the cerbero git directory to the list of excluded folders in your
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anti-virus, or you will get random build failures when Autotools does file
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operations such as renames and deletions. It will also slow your build by
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about 3-4x.
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Cerbero must be run in the MingGW shell, which is accessible from the main menu
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or desktop. If it is not, create a shortcut on the desktop to `C:\MinGW\msys\1.0\msys.bat`
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The path to your `$HOME` must not contain spaces. If your Windows username
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contains spaces, you can create a new directory in `/home` and execute:
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If you are using Windows 10, it is also highly recommended to enable "Developer
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Mode" in Windows Settings as shown below.
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```cmd
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$ echo 'export HOME=/home/newdir' > ~/.profile
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```
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Then restart your shell and type `cd` to go to the new home directory.
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Note that inside the shell, `/` is mapped to `C:\Mingw\msys\1.0\`
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