BufferPools
-----------

This document proposes a mechnism to build pools of reusable buffers. The
proposal should improve performance and help to implement zero-copy usecases.

Last edited: 2009-09-01 Stefan Kost


Current Behaviour
-----------------

Elements either create own buffers or request downstream buffers via pad_alloc.
There is hardly any reuse of buffers, instead they are ususaly disposed after
being rendered.


Problems
--------

  - hardware based elements like to reuse buffers as they e.g.
    - mlock them (dsp)
    - establish a index<->adress relation (v4l2)
  - not reusing buffers has overhead and makes run time behaviour
    non-deterministic:
    - malloc (which usualy becomes an mmap for bigger buffers and thus a
      syscall) and free (can trigger compression of freelists in the allocator)
    - shm alloc/attach, detach/free (xvideo)
  - some usecases cause memcpys
    - not having the right amount of buffers (e.g. too few buffers in v4l2src)
    - receiving buffers of wrong type (e.g. plain buffers in xvimagesink)
    - receving buffers with wrong alignment (dsp)
  - some usecases cause unneded cacheflushes when buffers are passed between
    user and kernel-space


What is needed
--------------

Elements that sink raw data buffers of usualy constant size would like to 
maintain a bufferpool. These could be sinks or encoders. We need mechanims to
select and dynamicaly update:

  - the bufferpool owners in a pipeline
  - the bufferpool sizes
  - the queued buffer sizes, alignments and flags


Proposal
--------
Querying the bufferpool size and buffer alignments can work simillar to latency
queries (gst/gstbin.c:{gst_bin_query,bin_query_latency_fold}. Aggregation is
quite straight forward : number-of-buffers is summed up and for alignment we
gather the MAX value.

Bins need to track which elemnts have been selected as bufferpools owners and
update if those are removed (FIXME: in which states?).

Bins would also need to track if elements that replied to the query are removed
and update the bufferpool configuration (event). Likewise addition of new
elements needs to be handled (query and if configuration is changed, update with
event).

Bufferpools owners need to handle caps changes to keep the queued buffers valid
for the negotiated format.

The bufferpool could be a helper GObject (like we use GstAdapter). If would
manage a collection of GstBuffers. For each buffer t tracks wheter its in use or
available. The bufferpool in gst-plgin-good/sys/v4l2/gstv4l2bufferpool might be
a starting point.


Scenarios
---------

v4l2src ! xvimagesink
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- v4l2src would report 1 buffer (do we still want the queue-size property?)
- xvimagesink would report 1 buffer

v4l2src ! tee name=t ! queue ! xvimagesink t. ! queue ! enc ! mux ! filesink
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- v4l2src would report 1 buffer
- xvimagesink would report 1 buffer
- enc would report 1 buffer

filesrc ! demux ! queue ! dec ! xvimagesink
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- dec would report 1 buffer
- xvimagesink would report 1 buffer


Issues
------

Does it make sense to also have pools for sources or should they always use
buffers from a downstream element.

Do we need to add +1 to aggregated buffercount to alloc to have a buffer
floating? E.g. Can we push buffers queickly enough to have e.g.  v4l2src !
xvimagesink working with 2 buffers. What about v4l2src ! queue ! xvimagesink?

There are more attributes on buffers needed to reduce the overhead even more:

  - padding: when using buffers on hardware one might need to pad the buffer on
    the end to a specific alignment
  - mlock: hardware that uses DMA needs buffers memory locked, if a buffer is
    already memory locked, it can be used by other hardware based elements as is
  - cache flushes: hardware based elements usualy need to flush cpu caches when
    sending results as the dma based memory writes do no update eventually
    cached values on the cpu. now if there is no element next in the pipeline
    that actually reads from this memory area we could avoid the flushes. All
    other hardware elements and elements with any caps (tee, queue, capsfilter)
    are examples for those.