This section of the appendix will discuss shortly what changes to plugins will be needed to quickly and conveniently port most applications from &GStreamer;-0.8 to &GStreamer;-0.9, with references to the relevant sections in this Plugin Writer's Guide where needed. With this list, it should be possible to port most plugins to &GStreamer;-0.9 in less than a day. Exceptions are elements that will require a base class in 0.9 (sources, sinks), in which case it may take a lot longer, depending on the coder's skills (however, when using the GstBaseSink and GstBaseSrc base-classes, it shouldn't be all too bad), and elements requiring the deprecated bytestream interface, which should take 1-2 days with random access. The scheduling parts of muxers will also need a rewrite, which will take about the same amount of time. Discont events have been replaced by newsegment events. In 0.9, it is essential that you send a newsegment event downstream before you send your first buffer (in 0.8 the scheduler would invent discont events if you forgot them, in 0.9 this is no longer the case). In 0.9, buffers have caps attached to them. Elements should allocate new buffers with gst_pad_alloc_buffer (). See for more details. Most functions returning an object or an object property have been changed to return its own reference rather than a constant reference of the one owned by the object itself. The reason for this change is primarily threadsafety. This means effectively that return values of functions such as gst_element_get_pad (), gst_pad_get_name (), gst_pad_get_parent (), gst_object_get_parent (), and many more like these have to be free'ed or unreferenced after use. Check the API references of each function to know for sure whether return values should be free'ed or not. In 0.8, scheduling could happen in any way. Source elements could be _get ()-based or _loop ()-based, and any other element could be _chain ()-based or _loop ()-based, with no limitations. Scheduling in 0.9 is simpler for the scheduler, and the element is expected to do some more work. Pads get assigned a scheduling mode, based on which they can either operate in random access-mode, in pipeline driving mode or in push-mode. all this is documented in detail in . As a result of this, the bytestream object no longer exists. Elements requiring byte-level access should now use random access on their sinkpads. Negotiation is asynchronous. This means that downstream negotiation is done as data comes in and upstream negotiation is done whenever renegotiation is required. All details are described in . For as far as possible, elements should try to use existing base classes in 0.9. Sink and source elements, for example, could derive from GstBaseSrc and GstBaseSink. Audio sinks or sources could even derive from audio-specific base classes. All existing base classes have been discussed in and the next few chapters. In 0.9, event handling and buffers are separated once again. This means that in order to receive events, one no longer has to set the GST_FLAG_EVENT_AWARE flag, but can simply set an event handling function on the element's sinkpad(s), using the function gst_pad_set_event_function (). The _chain ()-function will only receive buffers. Although core will wrap most threading-related locking for you (e.g. it takes the stream lock before calling your data handling functions), you are still responsible for locking around certain functions, e.g. object properties. Be sure to lock properly here, since applications will change those properties in a different thread than the thread which does the actual data passing! You can use the GST_LOCK () and GST_UNLOCK () helpers in most cases, fortunately, which grabs the default property lock of the element. GstValueFixedList and all *_fixed_list_* () functions were renamed to GstValueArray and *_array_* (). The semantics of GST_STATE_PAUSED and GST_STATE_PLAYING have changed for elements that are not sink elements. Non-sink elements need to be able to accept and process data already in the GST_STATE_PAUSED state now (ie. when prerolling the pipeline). More details can be found in . If your plugin's state change function hasn't been superseded by virtual start() and stop() methods of one of the new base classes, then your plugin's state change functions may need to be changed in order to safely handle concurrent access by multiple threads. Your typical state change function will now first handle upwards state changes, then chain up to the state change function of the parent class (usually GstElementClass in these cases), and only then handle downwards state changes. See the vorbis decoder plugin in gst-plugins-base for an example. The reason for this is that in the case of downwards state changes you don't want to destroy allocated resources while your plugin's chain function (for example) is still accessing those resources in another thread. Whether your chain function might be running or not depends on the state of your plugin's pads, and the state of those pads is closely linked to the state of the element. Pad states are handled in the GstElement class's state change function, including proper locking, that's why it is essential to chain up before destroying allocated resources. As already mentioned above, you should really rewrite your plugin to derive from one of the new base classes though, so you don't have to worry about these things, as the base class will handle it for you. There are no base classes for decoders and encoders yet, so the above paragraphs about state changes definitively apply if your plugin is a decoder or an encoder. gst_pad_set_link_function (), which used to set a function that would be called when a format was negotiated between two GstPads, now sets a function that is called when two elements are linked together in an application. For all practical purposes, you most likely want to use the function gst_pad_set_setcaps_function (), nowadays, which sets a function that is called when the format streaming over a pad changes (so similar to _set_link_function () in &GStreamer;-0.8). If the element is derived from a GstBase class, then override the set_caps ().