diff --git a/.github/workflows/pylint.yml b/.github/workflows/pylint.yml
index 2a81eaa3e..1b14149f2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pylint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pylint.yml
@@ -24,5 +24,5 @@ jobs:
         pip install pylint
     - name: Analysing the code with pylint
       run: |
-        pylint bookwyrm/ --ignore=migrations,tests --disable=E1101,E1135,E1136,R0903,R0901,R0902,W0707,W0511,W0406,R0401,R0801,C0209
+        pylint bookwyrm/ --ignore=migrations,tests --disable=E1101,E1135,E1136,R0903,R0901,R0902,W0707,W0511,W0406,R0401,R0801
 
diff --git a/bookwyrm/activitypub/base_activity.py b/bookwyrm/activitypub/base_activity.py
index 4f7b55d50..24d383ac7 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/activitypub/base_activity.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/activitypub/base_activity.py
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class ActivityObject:
             except KeyError:
                 if field.default == MISSING and field.default_factory == MISSING:
                     raise ActivitySerializerError(
-                        "Missing required field: %s" % field.name
+                        f"Missing required field: {field.name}"
                     )
                 value = field.default
             setattr(self, field.name, value)
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ def set_related_field(
     model_name, origin_model_name, related_field_name, related_remote_id, data
 ):
     """load reverse related fields (editions, attachments) without blocking"""
-    model = apps.get_model("bookwyrm.%s" % model_name, require_ready=True)
-    origin_model = apps.get_model("bookwyrm.%s" % origin_model_name, require_ready=True)
+    model = apps.get_model(f"bookwyrm.{model_name}", require_ready=True)
+    origin_model = apps.get_model(f"bookwyrm.{origin_model_name}", require_ready=True)
 
     with transaction.atomic():
         if isinstance(data, str):
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ def set_related_field(
         # this must exist because it's the object that triggered this function
         instance = origin_model.find_existing_by_remote_id(related_remote_id)
         if not instance:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid related remote id: %s" % related_remote_id)
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid related remote id: {related_remote_id}")
 
         # set the origin's remote id on the activity so it will be there when
         # the model instance is created
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def get_model_from_type(activity_type):
     ]
     if not model:
         raise ActivitySerializerError(
-            'No model found for activity type "%s"' % activity_type
+            f'No model found for activity type "{activity_type}"'
         )
     return model[0]
 
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ def resolve_remote_id(
         data = get_data(remote_id)
     except ConnectorException:
         raise ActivitySerializerError(
-            "Could not connect to host for remote_id in: %s" % (remote_id)
+            f"Could not connect to host for remote_id: {remote_id}"
         )
     # determine the model implicitly, if not provided
     # or if it's a model with subclasses like Status, check again
diff --git a/bookwyrm/activitystreams.py b/bookwyrm/activitystreams.py
index 10149993f..5e0969e56 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/activitystreams.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/activitystreams.py
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ class ActivityStream(RedisStore):
 
     def stream_id(self, user):
         """the redis key for this user's instance of this stream"""
-        return "{}-{}".format(user.id, self.key)
+        return f"{user.id}-{self.key}"
 
     def unread_id(self, user):
         """the redis key for this user's unread count for this stream"""
-        return "{}-unread".format(self.stream_id(user))
+        stream_id = self.stream_id(user)
+        return f"{stream_id}-unread"
 
     def get_rank(self, obj):  # pylint: disable=no-self-use
         """statuses are sorted by date published"""
diff --git a/bookwyrm/connectors/abstract_connector.py b/bookwyrm/connectors/abstract_connector.py
index ffacffdf0..455241cca 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/connectors/abstract_connector.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/connectors/abstract_connector.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class AbstractMinimalConnector(ABC):
             params["min_confidence"] = min_confidence
 
         data = self.get_search_data(
-            "%s%s" % (self.search_url, query),
+            f"{self.search_url}{query}",
             params=params,
             timeout=timeout,
         )
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class AbstractMinimalConnector(ABC):
         """isbn search"""
         params = {}
         data = self.get_search_data(
-            "%s%s" % (self.isbn_search_url, query),
+            f"{self.isbn_search_url}{query}",
             params=params,
         )
         results = []
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class AbstractConnector(AbstractMinimalConnector):
                 work_data = data
 
         if not work_data or not edition_data:
-            raise ConnectorException("Unable to load book data: %s" % remote_id)
+            raise ConnectorException(f"Unable to load book data: {remote_id}")
 
         with transaction.atomic():
             # create activitypub object
@@ -222,9 +222,7 @@ def get_data(url, params=None, timeout=10):
     """wrapper for request.get"""
     # check if the url is blocked
     if models.FederatedServer.is_blocked(url):
-        raise ConnectorException(
-            "Attempting to load data from blocked url: {:s}".format(url)
-        )
+        raise ConnectorException(f"Attempting to load data from blocked url: {url}")
 
     try:
         resp = requests.get(
@@ -283,6 +281,7 @@ class SearchResult:
     confidence: int = 1
 
     def __repr__(self):
+        # pylint: disable=consider-using-f-string
         return "<SearchResult key={!r} title={!r} author={!r}>".format(
             self.key, self.title, self.author
         )
diff --git a/bookwyrm/connectors/connector_manager.py b/bookwyrm/connectors/connector_manager.py
index 1d9588d6b..b676e9aa5 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/connectors/connector_manager.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/connectors/connector_manager.py
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ def get_or_create_connector(remote_id):
         connector_info = models.Connector.objects.create(
             identifier=identifier,
             connector_file="bookwyrm_connector",
-            base_url="https://%s" % identifier,
-            books_url="https://%s/book" % identifier,
-            covers_url="https://%s/images/covers" % identifier,
-            search_url="https://%s/search?q=" % identifier,
+            base_url=f"https://{identifier}",
+            books_url=f"https://{identifier}/book",
+            covers_url=f"https://{identifier}/images/covers",
+            search_url=f"https://{identifier}/search?q=",
             priority=2,
         )
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def load_more_data(connector_id, book_id):
 def load_connector(connector_info):
     """instantiate the connector class"""
     connector = importlib.import_module(
-        "bookwyrm.connectors.%s" % connector_info.connector_file
+        f"bookwyrm.connectors.{connector_info.connector_file}"
     )
     return connector.Connector(connector_info.identifier)
 
@@ -141,4 +141,4 @@ def load_connector(connector_info):
 def create_connector(sender, instance, created, *args, **kwargs):
     """create a connector to an external bookwyrm server"""
     if instance.application_type == "bookwyrm":
-        get_or_create_connector("https://{:s}".format(instance.server_name))
+        get_or_create_connector(f"https://{instance.server_name}")
diff --git a/bookwyrm/connectors/inventaire.py b/bookwyrm/connectors/inventaire.py
index d2a7b9faa..704554880 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/connectors/inventaire.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/connectors/inventaire.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
 
     def get_remote_id(self, value):
         """convert an id/uri into a url"""
-        return "{:s}?action=by-uris&uris={:s}".format(self.books_url, value)
+        return f"{self.books_url}?action=by-uris&uris={value}"
 
     def get_book_data(self, remote_id):
         data = get_data(remote_id)
@@ -87,11 +87,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
 
     def format_search_result(self, search_result):
         images = search_result.get("image")
-        cover = (
-            "{:s}/img/entities/{:s}".format(self.covers_url, images[0])
-            if images
-            else None
-        )
+        cover = f"{self.covers_url}/img/entities/{images[0]}" if images else None
         # a deeply messy translation of inventaire's scores
         confidence = float(search_result.get("_score", 0.1))
         confidence = 0.1 if confidence < 150 else 0.999
@@ -99,9 +95,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
             title=search_result.get("label"),
             key=self.get_remote_id(search_result.get("uri")),
             author=search_result.get("description"),
-            view_link="{:s}/entity/{:s}".format(
-                self.base_url, search_result.get("uri")
-            ),
+            view_link=f"{self.base_url}/entity/{search_result.get('uri')}",
             cover=cover,
             confidence=confidence,
             connector=self,
@@ -123,9 +117,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
             title=title[0],
             key=self.get_remote_id(search_result.get("uri")),
             author=search_result.get("description"),
-            view_link="{:s}/entity/{:s}".format(
-                self.base_url, search_result.get("uri")
-            ),
+            view_link=f"{self.base_url}/entity/{search_result.get('uri')}",
             cover=self.get_cover_url(search_result.get("image")),
             connector=self,
         )
@@ -135,11 +127,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
 
     def load_edition_data(self, work_uri):
         """get a list of editions for a work"""
-        url = (
-            "{:s}?action=reverse-claims&property=wdt:P629&value={:s}&sort=true".format(
-                self.books_url, work_uri
-            )
-        )
+        url = f"{self.books_url}?action=reverse-claims&property=wdt:P629&value={work_uri}&sort=true"
         return get_data(url)
 
     def get_edition_from_work_data(self, data):
@@ -195,7 +183,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
         # cover may or may not be an absolute url already
         if re.match(r"^http", cover_id):
             return cover_id
-        return "%s%s" % (self.covers_url, cover_id)
+        return f"{self.covers_url}{cover_id}"
 
     def resolve_keys(self, keys):
         """cool, it's "wd:Q3156592" now what the heck does that mean"""
@@ -213,9 +201,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
         link = links.get("enwiki")
         if not link:
             return ""
-        url = "{:s}/api/data?action=wp-extract&lang=en&title={:s}".format(
-            self.base_url, link
-        )
+        url = f"{self.base_url}/api/data?action=wp-extract&lang=en&title={link}"
         try:
             data = get_data(url)
         except ConnectorException:
diff --git a/bookwyrm/connectors/openlibrary.py b/bookwyrm/connectors/openlibrary.py
index e58749c13..fca5d0f71 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/connectors/openlibrary.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/connectors/openlibrary.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
             key = data["key"]
         except KeyError:
             raise ConnectorException("Invalid book data")
-        return "%s%s" % (self.books_url, key)
+        return f"{self.books_url}{key}"
 
     def is_work_data(self, data):
         return bool(re.match(r"^[\/\w]+OL\d+W$", data["key"]))
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
             key = data["key"]
         except KeyError:
             raise ConnectorException("Invalid book data")
-        url = "%s%s/editions" % (self.books_url, key)
+        url = f"{self.books_url}{key}/editions"
         data = self.get_book_data(url)
         edition = pick_default_edition(data["entries"])
         if not edition:
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
             key = data["works"][0]["key"]
         except (IndexError, KeyError):
             raise ConnectorException("No work found for edition")
-        url = "%s%s" % (self.books_url, key)
+        url = f"{self.books_url}{key}"
         return self.get_book_data(url)
 
     def get_authors_from_data(self, data):
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
             author_blob = author_blob.get("author", author_blob)
             # this id is "/authors/OL1234567A"
             author_id = author_blob["key"]
-            url = "%s%s" % (self.base_url, author_id)
+            url = f"{self.base_url}{author_id}"
             author = self.get_or_create_author(url)
             if not author:
                 continue
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
         if not cover_blob:
             return None
         cover_id = cover_blob[0]
-        image_name = "%s-%s.jpg" % (cover_id, size)
-        return "%s/b/id/%s" % (self.covers_url, image_name)
+        image_name = f"{cover_id}-{size}.jpg"
+        return f"{self.covers_url}/b/id/{image_name}"
 
     def parse_search_data(self, data):
         return data.get("docs")
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
 
     def load_edition_data(self, olkey):
         """query openlibrary for editions of a work"""
-        url = "%s/works/%s/editions" % (self.books_url, olkey)
+        url = f"{self.books_url}/works/{olkey}/editions"
         return self.get_book_data(url)
 
     def expand_book_data(self, book):
diff --git a/bookwyrm/connectors/self_connector.py b/bookwyrm/connectors/self_connector.py
index 8d5a7614e..cdb586cb3 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/connectors/self_connector.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/connectors/self_connector.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class Connector(AbstractConnector):
     def format_search_result(self, search_result):
         cover = None
         if search_result.cover:
-            cover = "%s%s" % (self.covers_url, search_result.cover)
+            cover = f"{self.covers_url}{search_result.cover}"
 
         return SearchResult(
             title=search_result.title,
diff --git a/bookwyrm/emailing.py b/bookwyrm/emailing.py
index 4f43c69e6..c6a197f29 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/emailing.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/emailing.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def email_data():
     """fields every email needs"""
     site = models.SiteSettings.objects.get()
     if site.logo_small:
-        logo_path = "/images/{}".format(site.logo_small.url)
+        logo_path = f"/images/{site.logo_small.url}"
     else:
         logo_path = "/static/images/logo-small.png"
 
@@ -48,18 +48,12 @@ def password_reset_email(reset_code):
 
 def format_email(email_name, data):
     """render the email templates"""
-    subject = (
-        get_template("email/{}/subject.html".format(email_name)).render(data).strip()
-    )
+    subject = get_template(f"email/{email_name}/subject.html").render(data).strip()
     html_content = (
-        get_template("email/{}/html_content.html".format(email_name))
-        .render(data)
-        .strip()
+        get_template(f"email/{email_name}/html_content.html").render(data).strip()
     )
     text_content = (
-        get_template("email/{}/text_content.html".format(email_name))
-        .render(data)
-        .strip()
+        get_template(f"email/{email_name}/text_content.html").render(data).strip()
     )
     return (subject, html_content, text_content)
 
diff --git a/bookwyrm/forms.py b/bookwyrm/forms.py
index 0be53ba0a..23063ff7c 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/forms.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/forms.py
@@ -260,10 +260,7 @@ class CreateInviteForm(CustomForm):
                 ]
             ),
             "use_limit": widgets.Select(
-                choices=[
-                    (i, _("%(count)d uses" % {"count": i}))
-                    for i in [1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100]
-                ]
+                choices=[(i, _(f"{i} uses")) for i in [1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100]]
                 + [(None, _("Unlimited"))]
             ),
         }
diff --git a/bookwyrm/importers/importer.py b/bookwyrm/importers/importer.py
index caa137ecb..a10b4060c 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/importers/importer.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/importers/importer.py
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ def handle_imported_book(source, user, item, include_reviews, privacy):
         # but "now" is a bad guess
         published_date_guess = item.date_read or item.date_added
         if item.review:
+            # pylint: disable=consider-using-f-string
             review_title = (
                 "Review of {!r} on {!r}".format(
                     item.book.title,
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/activitypub_mixin.py b/bookwyrm/models/activitypub_mixin.py
index ed51158bc..3a88c5249 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/activitypub_mixin.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/activitypub_mixin.py
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class ObjectMixin(ActivitypubMixin):
             signed_message = signer.sign(SHA256.new(content.encode("utf8")))
 
             signature = activitypub.Signature(
-                creator="%s#main-key" % user.remote_id,
+                creator=f"{user.remote_id}#main-key",
                 created=activity_object.published,
                 signatureValue=b64encode(signed_message).decode("utf8"),
             )
@@ -285,16 +285,16 @@ class ObjectMixin(ActivitypubMixin):
         return activitypub.Delete(
             id=self.remote_id + "/activity",
             actor=user.remote_id,
-            to=["%s/followers" % user.remote_id],
+            to=[f"{user.remote_id}/followers"],
             cc=["https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public"],
             object=self,
         ).serialize()
 
     def to_update_activity(self, user):
         """wrapper for Updates to an activity"""
-        activity_id = "%s#update/%s" % (self.remote_id, uuid4())
+        uuid = uuid4()
         return activitypub.Update(
-            id=activity_id,
+            id=f"{self.remote_id}#update/{uuid}",
             actor=user.remote_id,
             to=["https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public"],
             object=self,
@@ -337,8 +337,8 @@ class OrderedCollectionPageMixin(ObjectMixin):
         paginated = Paginator(queryset, PAGE_LENGTH)
         # add computed fields specific to orderd collections
         activity["totalItems"] = paginated.count
-        activity["first"] = "%s?page=1" % remote_id
-        activity["last"] = "%s?page=%d" % (remote_id, paginated.num_pages)
+        activity["first"] = f"{remote_id}?page=1"
+        activity["last"] = f"{remote_id}?page={paginated.num_pages}"
 
         return serializer(**activity)
 
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ class CollectionItemMixin(ActivitypubMixin):
         """AP for shelving a book"""
         collection_field = getattr(self, self.collection_field)
         return activitypub.Add(
-            id="{:s}#add".format(collection_field.remote_id),
+            id=f"{collection_field.remote_id}#add",
             actor=user.remote_id,
             object=self.to_activity_dataclass(),
             target=collection_field.remote_id,
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ class CollectionItemMixin(ActivitypubMixin):
         """AP for un-shelving a book"""
         collection_field = getattr(self, self.collection_field)
         return activitypub.Remove(
-            id="{:s}#remove".format(collection_field.remote_id),
+            id=f"{collection_field.remote_id}#remove",
             actor=user.remote_id,
             object=self.to_activity_dataclass(),
             target=collection_field.remote_id,
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ class ActivityMixin(ActivitypubMixin):
         """undo an action"""
         user = self.user if hasattr(self, "user") else self.user_subject
         return activitypub.Undo(
-            id="%s#undo" % self.remote_id,
+            id=f"{self.remote_id}#undo",
             actor=user.remote_id,
             object=self,
         ).serialize()
@@ -555,11 +555,11 @@ def to_ordered_collection_page(
 
     prev_page = next_page = None
     if activity_page.has_next():
-        next_page = "%s?page=%d" % (remote_id, activity_page.next_page_number())
+        next_page = f"{remote_id}?page={activity_page.next_page_number()}"
     if activity_page.has_previous():
-        prev_page = "%s?page=%d" % (remote_id, activity_page.previous_page_number())
+        prev_page = f"{remote_id}?page=%d{activity_page.previous_page_number()}"
     return activitypub.OrderedCollectionPage(
-        id="%s?page=%s" % (remote_id, page),
+        id=f"{remote_id}?page={page}",
         partOf=remote_id,
         orderedItems=items,
         next=next_page,
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/author.py b/bookwyrm/models/author.py
index 6da80b176..53cf94ff4 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/author.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/author.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class Author(BookDataModel):
 
     def get_remote_id(self):
         """editions and works both use "book" instead of model_name"""
-        return "https://%s/author/%s" % (DOMAIN, self.id)
+        return f"https://{DOMAIN}/author/{self.id}"
 
     activity_serializer = activitypub.Author
 
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/base_model.py b/bookwyrm/models/base_model.py
index 0ac2061a9..aa174a143 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/base_model.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/base_model.py
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ class BookWyrmModel(models.Model):
 
     def get_remote_id(self):
         """generate a url that resolves to the local object"""
-        base_path = "https://%s" % DOMAIN
+        base_path = f"https://{DOMAIN}"
         if hasattr(self, "user"):
-            base_path = "%s%s" % (base_path, self.user.local_path)
+            base_path = f"{base_path}{self.user.local_path}"
         model_name = type(self).__name__.lower()
-        return "%s/%s/%d" % (base_path, model_name, self.id)
+        return f"{base_path}/{model_name}/{self.id}"
 
     class Meta:
         """this is just here to provide default fields for other models"""
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class BookWyrmModel(models.Model):
     @property
     def local_path(self):
         """how to link to this object in the local app"""
-        return self.get_remote_id().replace("https://%s" % DOMAIN, "")
+        return self.get_remote_id().replace(f"https://{DOMAIN}", "")
 
     def visible_to_user(self, viewer):
         """is a user authorized to view an object?"""
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/book.py b/bookwyrm/models/book.py
index ec1c14ec0..ac7c42f62 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/book.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/book.py
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ class Book(BookDataModel):
     @property
     def alt_text(self):
         """image alt test"""
-        text = "%s" % self.title
+        text = self.title
         if self.edition_info:
-            text += " (%s)" % self.edition_info
+            text += f" ({self.edition_info})"
         return text
 
     def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -177,9 +177,10 @@ class Book(BookDataModel):
 
     def get_remote_id(self):
         """editions and works both use "book" instead of model_name"""
-        return "https://%s/book/%d" % (DOMAIN, self.id)
+        return f"https://{DOMAIN}/book/{self.id}"
 
     def __repr__(self):
+        # pylint: disable=consider-using-f-string
         return "<{} key={!r} title={!r}>".format(
             self.__class__,
             self.openlibrary_key,
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ class Work(OrderedCollectionPageMixin, Book):
         """an ordered collection of editions"""
         return self.to_ordered_collection(
             self.editions.order_by("-edition_rank").all(),
-            remote_id="%s/editions" % self.remote_id,
+            remote_id=f"{self.remote_id}/editions",
             **kwargs,
         )
 
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/connector.py b/bookwyrm/models/connector.py
index 17ba31489..9d2c6aeb3 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/connector.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/connector.py
@@ -29,7 +29,4 @@ class Connector(BookWyrmModel):
     isbn_search_url = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True)
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "{} ({})".format(
-            self.identifier,
-            self.id,
-        )
+        return f"{self.identifier} ({self.id})"
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/fields.py b/bookwyrm/models/fields.py
index cc5a7bb55..ccd669cbf 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/fields.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/fields.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class ActivitypubFieldMixin:
         activitypub_field=None,
         activitypub_wrapper=None,
         deduplication_field=False,
-        **kwargs
+        **kwargs,
     ):
         self.deduplication_field = deduplication_field
         if activitypub_wrapper:
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ class ManyToManyField(ActivitypubFieldMixin, models.ManyToManyField):
 
     def field_to_activity(self, value):
         if self.link_only:
-            return "%s/%s" % (value.instance.remote_id, self.name)
+            return f"{value.instance.remote_id}/{self.name}"
         return [i.remote_id for i in value.all()]
 
     def field_from_activity(self, value):
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ def image_serializer(value, alt):
     else:
         return None
     if not url[:4] == "http":
-        url = "https://{:s}{:s}".format(DOMAIN, url)
+        url = f"https://{DOMAIN}{url}"
     return activitypub.Document(url=url, name=alt)
 
 
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ class ImageField(ActivitypubFieldMixin, models.ImageField):
 
         image_content = ContentFile(response.content)
         extension = imghdr.what(None, image_content.read()) or ""
-        image_name = "{:s}.{:s}".format(str(uuid4()), extension)
+        image_name = f"{uuid4()}.{extension}"
         return [image_name, image_content]
 
     def formfield(self, **kwargs):
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/import_job.py b/bookwyrm/models/import_job.py
index 7d8ce9e30..4f495f14f 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/import_job.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/import_job.py
@@ -198,7 +198,9 @@ class ImportItem(models.Model):
         return []
 
     def __repr__(self):
+        # pylint: disable=consider-using-f-string
         return "<{!r}Item {!r}>".format(self.data["import_source"], self.data["Title"])
 
     def __str__(self):
+        # pylint: disable=consider-using-f-string
         return "{} by {}".format(self.data["Title"], self.data["Author"])
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/list.py b/bookwyrm/models/list.py
index bbad5ba9b..49fb53757 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/list.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/list.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class List(OrderedCollectionMixin, BookWyrmModel):
 
     def get_remote_id(self):
         """don't want the user to be in there in this case"""
-        return "https://%s/list/%d" % (DOMAIN, self.id)
+        return f"https://{DOMAIN}/list/{self.id}"
 
     @property
     def collection_queryset(self):
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/relationship.py b/bookwyrm/models/relationship.py
index edb89d13c..fc7a9df83 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/relationship.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/relationship.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class UserRelationship(BookWyrmModel):
     def get_remote_id(self):
         """use shelf identifier in remote_id"""
         base_path = self.user_subject.remote_id
-        return "%s#follows/%d" % (base_path, self.id)
+        return f"{base_path}#follows/{self.id}"
 
 
 class UserFollows(ActivityMixin, UserRelationship):
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ class UserFollowRequest(ActivitypubMixin, UserRelationship):
         """get id for sending an accept or reject of a local user"""
 
         base_path = self.user_object.remote_id
-        return "%s#%s/%d" % (base_path, status, self.id or 0)
+        status_id = self.id or 0
+        return f"{base_path}#{status}/{status_id}"
 
     def accept(self, broadcast_only=False):
         """turn this request into the real deal"""
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/shelf.py b/bookwyrm/models/shelf.py
index c4e907d27..6f1344022 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/shelf.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/shelf.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Shelf(OrderedCollectionMixin, BookWyrmModel):
     def get_identifier(self):
         """custom-shelf-123 for the url"""
         slug = re.sub(r"[^\w]", "", self.name).lower()
-        return "{:s}-{:d}".format(slug, self.id)
+        return f"{slug}-{self.id}"
 
     @property
     def collection_queryset(self):
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class Shelf(OrderedCollectionMixin, BookWyrmModel):
         """shelf identifier instead of id"""
         base_path = self.user.remote_id
         identifier = self.identifier or self.get_identifier()
-        return "%s/books/%s" % (base_path, identifier)
+        return f"{base_path}/books/{identifier}"
 
     class Meta:
         """user/shelf unqiueness"""
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/site.py b/bookwyrm/models/site.py
index 052573af1..8338fff88 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/site.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/site.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class SiteInvite(models.Model):
     @property
     def link(self):
         """formats the invite link"""
-        return "https://{}/invite/{}".format(DOMAIN, self.code)
+        return f"https://{DOMAIN}/invite/{self.code}"
 
 
 class InviteRequest(BookWyrmModel):
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class PasswordReset(models.Model):
     @property
     def link(self):
         """formats the invite link"""
-        return "https://{}/password-reset/{}".format(DOMAIN, self.code)
+        return f"https://{DOMAIN}/password-reset/{self.code}"
 
 
 # pylint: disable=unused-argument
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/status.py b/bookwyrm/models/status.py
index d0f094d22..c751e8590 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/status.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/status.py
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ class Status(OrderedCollectionPageMixin, BookWyrmModel):
         """helper function for loading AP serialized replies to a status"""
         return self.to_ordered_collection(
             self.replies(self),
-            remote_id="%s/replies" % self.remote_id,
+            remote_id=f"{self.remote_id}/replies",
             collection_only=True,
-            **kwargs
+            **kwargs,
         ).serialize()
 
     def to_activity_dataclass(self, pure=False):  # pylint: disable=arguments-differ
@@ -226,10 +226,10 @@ class GeneratedNote(Status):
         """indicate the book in question for mastodon (or w/e) users"""
         message = self.content
         books = ", ".join(
-            '<a href="%s">"%s"</a>' % (book.remote_id, book.title)
+            f'<a href="{book.remote_id}">"{book.title}"</a>'
             for book in self.mention_books.all()
         )
-        return "%s %s %s" % (self.user.display_name, message, books)
+        return f"{self.user.display_name} {message} {books}"
 
     activity_serializer = activitypub.GeneratedNote
     pure_type = "Note"
@@ -277,10 +277,9 @@ class Comment(BookStatus):
     @property
     def pure_content(self):
         """indicate the book in question for mastodon (or w/e) users"""
-        return '%s<p>(comment on <a href="%s">"%s"</a>)</p>' % (
-            self.content,
-            self.book.remote_id,
-            self.book.title,
+        return (
+            f'{self.content}<p>(comment on <a href="{self.book.remote_id}">'
+            f'"{self.book.title}"</a>)</p>'
         )
 
     activity_serializer = activitypub.Comment
@@ -306,11 +305,9 @@ class Quotation(BookStatus):
         """indicate the book in question for mastodon (or w/e) users"""
         quote = re.sub(r"^<p>", '<p>"', self.quote)
         quote = re.sub(r"</p>$", '"</p>', quote)
-        return '%s <p>-- <a href="%s">"%s"</a></p>%s' % (
-            quote,
-            self.book.remote_id,
-            self.book.title,
-            self.content,
+        return (
+            f'{quote} <p>-- <a href="{self.book.remote_id}">'
+            f'"{self.book.title}"</a></p>{self.content}'
         )
 
     activity_serializer = activitypub.Quotation
diff --git a/bookwyrm/models/user.py b/bookwyrm/models/user.py
index a33daf729..ad43270c2 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/models/user.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/models/user.py
@@ -152,12 +152,13 @@ class User(OrderedCollectionPageMixin, AbstractUser):
     @property
     def following_link(self):
         """just how to find out the following info"""
-        return "{:s}/following".format(self.remote_id)
+        return f"{self.remote_id}/following"
 
     @property
     def alt_text(self):
         """alt text with username"""
-        return "avatar for %s" % (self.localname or self.username)
+        # pylint: disable=consider-using-f-string
+        return "avatar for {:s}".format(self.localname or self.username)
 
     @property
     def display_name(self):
@@ -197,9 +198,7 @@ class User(OrderedCollectionPageMixin, AbstractUser):
     def to_outbox(self, filter_type=None, **kwargs):
         """an ordered collection of statuses"""
         if filter_type:
-            filter_class = apps.get_model(
-                "bookwyrm.%s" % filter_type, require_ready=True
-            )
+            filter_class = apps.get_model(f"bookwyrm.{filter_type}", require_ready=True)
             if not issubclass(filter_class, Status):
                 raise TypeError(
                     "filter_status_class must be a subclass of models.Status"
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@ class User(OrderedCollectionPageMixin, AbstractUser):
 
     def to_following_activity(self, **kwargs):
         """activitypub following list"""
-        remote_id = "%s/following" % self.remote_id
+        remote_id = f"{self.remote_id}/following"
         return self.to_ordered_collection(
             self.following.order_by("-updated_date").all(),
             remote_id=remote_id,
@@ -266,7 +265,7 @@ class User(OrderedCollectionPageMixin, AbstractUser):
         if not self.local and not re.match(regex.FULL_USERNAME, self.username):
             # generate a username that uses the domain (webfinger format)
             actor_parts = urlparse(self.remote_id)
-            self.username = "%s@%s" % (self.username, actor_parts.netloc)
+            self.username = f"{self.username}@{actor_parts.netloc}"
 
         # this user already exists, no need to populate fields
         if not created:
@@ -320,7 +319,8 @@ class User(OrderedCollectionPageMixin, AbstractUser):
     @property
     def local_path(self):
         """this model doesn't inherit bookwyrm model, so here we are"""
-        return "/user/%s" % (self.localname or self.username)
+        # pylint: disable=consider-using-f-string
+        return "/user/{:s}".format(self.localname or self.username)
 
     def create_shelves(self):
         """default shelves for a new user"""
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ class KeyPair(ActivitypubMixin, BookWyrmModel):
 
     def get_remote_id(self):
         # self.owner is set by the OneToOneField on User
-        return "%s/#main-key" % self.owner.remote_id
+        return f"{self.owner.remote_id}/#main-key"
 
     def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """create a key pair"""
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ class AnnualGoal(BookWyrmModel):
 
     def get_remote_id(self):
         """put the year in the path"""
-        return "{:s}/goal/{:d}".format(self.user.remote_id, self.year)
+        return f"{self.user.remote_id}/goal/{self.year}"
 
     @property
     def books(self):
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ def get_or_create_remote_server(domain):
         pass
 
     try:
-        data = get_data("https://%s/.well-known/nodeinfo" % domain)
+        data = get_data(f"https://{domain}/.well-known/nodeinfo")
         try:
             nodeinfo_url = data.get("links")[0].get("href")
         except (TypeError, KeyError):
diff --git a/bookwyrm/preview_images.py b/bookwyrm/preview_images.py
index 900a3e123..8224a2787 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/preview_images.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/preview_images.py
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ def generate_default_inner_img():
 
 
 # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
+# pylint: disable=too-many-statements
 def generate_preview_image(
     texts=None, picture=None, rating=None, show_instance_layer=True
 ):
@@ -237,7 +238,8 @@ def generate_preview_image(
 
     # Color
     if BG_COLOR in ["use_dominant_color_light", "use_dominant_color_dark"]:
-        image_bg_color = "rgb(%s, %s, %s)" % dominant_color
+        red, green, blue = dominant_color
+        image_bg_color = f"rgb({red}, {green}, {blue})"
 
         # Adjust color
         image_bg_color_rgb = [x / 255.0 for x in ImageColor.getrgb(image_bg_color)]
@@ -315,7 +317,8 @@ def save_and_cleanup(image, instance=None):
     """Save and close the file"""
     if not isinstance(instance, (models.Book, models.User, models.SiteSettings)):
         return False
-    file_name = "%s-%s.jpg" % (str(instance.id), str(uuid4()))
+    uuid = uuid4()
+    file_name = f"{instance.id}-{uuid}.jpg"
     image_buffer = BytesIO()
 
     try:
@@ -412,7 +415,7 @@ def generate_user_preview_image_task(user_id):
 
     texts = {
         "text_one": user.display_name,
-        "text_three": "@{}@{}".format(user.localname, settings.DOMAIN),
+        "text_three": f"@{user.localname}@{settings.DOMAIN}",
     }
 
     if user.avatar:
diff --git a/bookwyrm/sanitize_html.py b/bookwyrm/sanitize_html.py
index 0be64c58c..8b0e3c4cb 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/sanitize_html.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/sanitize_html.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class InputHtmlParser(HTMLParser):  # pylint: disable=abstract-method
             return
 
         self.tag_stack = self.tag_stack[:-1]
-        self.output.append(("tag", "</%s>" % tag))
+        self.output.append(("tag", f"</{tag}>"))
 
     def handle_data(self, data):
         """extract the answer, if we're in an answer tag"""
diff --git a/bookwyrm/settings.py b/bookwyrm/settings.py
index cdf700ec2..f2c329f01 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/settings.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/settings.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ EMAIL_HOST_USER = env("EMAIL_HOST_USER")
 EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = env("EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD")
 EMAIL_USE_TLS = env.bool("EMAIL_USE_TLS", True)
 EMAIL_USE_SSL = env.bool("EMAIL_USE_SSL", False)
-DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = "admin@{:s}".format(env("DOMAIN"))
+DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = f"admin@{DOMAIN}"
 
 # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
 BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
@@ -178,11 +178,8 @@ USE_L10N = True
 USE_TZ = True
 
 
-USER_AGENT = "%s (BookWyrm/%s; +https://%s/)" % (
-    requests.utils.default_user_agent(),
-    VERSION,
-    DOMAIN,
-)
+agent = requests.utils.default_user_agent()
+USER_AGENT = f"{agent} (BookWyrm/{VERSION}; +https://{DOMAIN}/)"
 
 # Imagekit generated thumbnails
 ENABLE_THUMBNAIL_GENERATION = env.bool("ENABLE_THUMBNAIL_GENERATION", False)
@@ -213,11 +210,11 @@ if USE_S3:
     AWS_S3_OBJECT_PARAMETERS = {"CacheControl": "max-age=86400"}
     # S3 Static settings
     STATIC_LOCATION = "static"
-    STATIC_URL = "https://%s/%s/" % (AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN, STATIC_LOCATION)
+    STATIC_URL = f"https://{AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN}/{STATIC_LOCATION}/"
     STATICFILES_STORAGE = "bookwyrm.storage_backends.StaticStorage"
     # S3 Media settings
     MEDIA_LOCATION = "images"
-    MEDIA_URL = "https://%s/%s/" % (AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN, MEDIA_LOCATION)
+    MEDIA_URL = f"https://{AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN}/{MEDIA_LOCATION}/"
     MEDIA_FULL_URL = MEDIA_URL
     DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = "bookwyrm.storage_backends.ImagesStorage"
     # I don't know if it's used, but the site crashes without it
@@ -227,5 +224,5 @@ else:
     STATIC_URL = "/static/"
     STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, env("STATIC_ROOT", "static"))
     MEDIA_URL = "/images/"
-    MEDIA_FULL_URL = "%s://%s%s" % (PROTOCOL, DOMAIN, MEDIA_URL)
+    MEDIA_FULL_URL = f"{PROTOCOL}://{DOMAIN}{MEDIA_URL}"
     MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, env("MEDIA_ROOT", "images"))
diff --git a/bookwyrm/signatures.py b/bookwyrm/signatures.py
index c8c900283..61cafe71f 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/signatures.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/signatures.py
@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@ def make_signature(sender, destination, date, digest):
     """uses a private key to sign an outgoing message"""
     inbox_parts = urlparse(destination)
     signature_headers = [
-        "(request-target): post %s" % inbox_parts.path,
-        "host: %s" % inbox_parts.netloc,
-        "date: %s" % date,
-        "digest: %s" % digest,
+        f"(request-target): post {inbox_parts.path}",
+        f"host: {inbox_parts.netloc}",
+        f"date: {date}",
+        f"digest: {digest}",
     ]
     message_to_sign = "\n".join(signature_headers)
     signer = pkcs1_15.new(RSA.import_key(sender.key_pair.private_key))
     signed_message = signer.sign(SHA256.new(message_to_sign.encode("utf8")))
     signature = {
-        "keyId": "%s#main-key" % sender.remote_id,
+        "keyId": f"{sender.remote_id}#main-key",
         "algorithm": "rsa-sha256",
         "headers": "(request-target) host date digest",
         "signature": b64encode(signed_message).decode("utf8"),
     }
-    return ",".join('%s="%s"' % (k, v) for (k, v) in signature.items())
+    return ",".join(f'{k}="{v}"' for (k, v) in signature.items())
 
 
 def make_digest(data):
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def verify_digest(request):
     elif algorithm == "SHA-512":
         hash_function = hashlib.sha512
     else:
-        raise ValueError("Unsupported hash function: {}".format(algorithm))
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported hash function: {algorithm}")
 
     expected = hash_function(request.body).digest()
     if b64decode(digest) != expected:
@@ -95,18 +95,18 @@ class Signature:
     def verify(self, public_key, request):
         """verify rsa signature"""
         if http_date_age(request.headers["date"]) > MAX_SIGNATURE_AGE:
-            raise ValueError("Request too old: %s" % (request.headers["date"],))
+            raise ValueError(f"Request too old: {request.headers['date']}")
         public_key = RSA.import_key(public_key)
 
         comparison_string = []
         for signed_header_name in self.headers.split(" "):
             if signed_header_name == "(request-target)":
-                comparison_string.append("(request-target): post %s" % request.path)
+                comparison_string.append(f"(request-target): post {request.path}")
             else:
                 if signed_header_name == "digest":
                     verify_digest(request)
                 comparison_string.append(
-                    "%s: %s" % (signed_header_name, request.headers[signed_header_name])
+                    f"{signed_header_name}: {request.headers[signed_header_name]}"
                 )
         comparison_string = "\n".join(comparison_string)
 
diff --git a/bookwyrm/suggested_users.py b/bookwyrm/suggested_users.py
index 883430614..e8f236324 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/suggested_users.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/suggested_users.py
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ class SuggestedUsers(RedisStore):
     def store_id(self, user):  # pylint: disable=no-self-use
         """the key used to store this user's recs"""
         if isinstance(user, int):
-            return "{:d}-suggestions".format(user)
-        return "{:d}-suggestions".format(user.id)
+            return f"{user}-suggestions"
+        return f"{user.id}-suggestions"
 
     def get_counts_from_rank(self, rank):  # pylint: disable=no-self-use
         """calculate mutuals count and shared books count from rank"""
diff --git a/bookwyrm/templatetags/utilities.py b/bookwyrm/templatetags/utilities.py
index fe83278ac..76b4cd3f6 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/templatetags/utilities.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/templatetags/utilities.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ register = template.Library()
 @register.filter(name="uuid")
 def get_uuid(identifier):
     """for avoiding clashing ids when there are many forms"""
-    return "%s%s" % (identifier, uuid4())
+    return f"{identifier}{uuid4()}"
 
 
 @register.filter(name="username")
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def truncatepath(value, arg):
         length = int(arg)
     except ValueError:  # invalid literal for int()
         return path_list[-1]  # Fail silently.
-    return "%s/…%s" % (path_list[0], path_list[-1][-length:])
+    return f"{path_list[0]}/…{path_list[-1][-length:]}"
 
 
 @register.simple_tag(takes_context=False)
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def get_book_cover_thumbnail(book, size="medium", ext="jpg"):
     if size == "":
         size = "medium"
     try:
-        cover_thumbnail = getattr(book, "cover_bw_book_%s_%s" % (size, ext))
+        cover_thumbnail = getattr(book, f"cover_bw_book_{size}_{ext}")
         return cover_thumbnail.url
     except OSError:
         return static("images/no_cover.jpg")
diff --git a/bookwyrm/tests/models/test_site.py b/bookwyrm/tests/models/test_site.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7c19c4b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bookwyrm/tests/models/test_site.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+""" testing models """
+from datetime import timedelta
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from django.db import IntegrityError
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils import timezone
+
+from bookwyrm import models, settings
+
+
+class SiteModels(TestCase):
+    """tests for site models"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """we need basic test data and mocks"""
+        with patch("bookwyrm.suggested_users.rerank_suggestions_task.delay"), patch(
+            "bookwyrm.activitystreams.populate_stream_task.delay"
+        ):
+            self.local_user = models.User.objects.create_user(
+                "mouse@local.com",
+                "mouse@mouse.com",
+                "mouseword",
+                local=True,
+                localname="mouse",
+                remote_id="https://example.com/users/mouse",
+            )
+
+    def test_site_settings_absent(self):
+        """create and load site settings"""
+        self.assertFalse(models.SiteSettings.objects.exists())
+        result = models.SiteSettings.get()
+        self.assertTrue(models.SiteSettings.objects.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(result.id, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(result.name, "BookWyrm")
+
+    def test_site_settings_present(self):
+        """load site settings"""
+        models.SiteSettings.objects.create(id=1, name="Fish Town")
+        result = models.SiteSettings.get()
+        self.assertEqual(result.id, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(result.name, "Fish Town")
+        self.assertEqual(models.SiteSettings.objects.all().count(), 1)
+
+    def test_site_invite(self):
+        """default invite"""
+        invite = models.SiteInvite.objects.create(
+            user=self.local_user,
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(invite.valid())
+
+    def test_site_invite_with_limit(self):
+        """with use limit"""
+        # valid
+        invite = models.SiteInvite.objects.create(user=self.local_user, use_limit=1)
+        self.assertTrue(invite.valid())
+
+        # invalid
+        invite = models.SiteInvite.objects.create(user=self.local_user, use_limit=0)
+        self.assertFalse(invite.valid())
+        invite = models.SiteInvite.objects.create(
+            user=self.local_user, use_limit=1, times_used=1
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(invite.valid())
+
+    def test_site_invite_with_expiry(self):
+        """with expiration date"""
+        date = timezone.now() + timedelta(days=1)
+        invite = models.SiteInvite.objects.create(user=self.local_user, expiry=date)
+        self.assertTrue(invite.valid())
+
+        date = timezone.now() - timedelta(days=1)
+        invite = models.SiteInvite.objects.create(user=self.local_user, expiry=date)
+        self.assertFalse(invite.valid())
+
+    def test_site_invite_link(self):
+        """invite link generator"""
+        invite = models.SiteInvite.objects.create(user=self.local_user, code="hello")
+        self.assertEqual(invite.link, f"https://{settings.DOMAIN}/invite/hello")
+
+    def test_invite_request(self):
+        """someone wants an invite"""
+        # normal and good
+        request = models.InviteRequest.objects.create(email="mouse.reeve@gmail.com")
+        self.assertIsNone(request.invite)
+
+        # already in use
+        with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
+            request = models.InviteRequest.objects.create(email="mouse@mouse.com")
+
+    def test_password_reset(self):
+        """password reset token"""
+        token = models.PasswordReset.objects.create(user=self.local_user, code="hello")
+        self.assertTrue(token.valid())
+        self.assertEqual(token.link, f"https://{settings.DOMAIN}/password-reset/hello")
diff --git a/bookwyrm/tests/test_preview_images.py b/bookwyrm/tests/test_preview_images.py
index 760ff4c4a..f95e623c8 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/tests/test_preview_images.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/tests/test_preview_images.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from bookwyrm.preview_images import (
 
 # pylint: disable=unused-argument
 # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+# pylint: disable=consider-using-with
 class PreviewImages(TestCase):
     """every response to a get request, html or json"""
 
@@ -120,3 +121,11 @@ class PreviewImages(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             self.local_user.preview_image.height, settings.PREVIEW_IMG_HEIGHT
         )
+
+    def test_generate_user_preview_images_task(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """test task's external calls"""
+        with patch("bookwyrm.preview_images.generate_preview_image") as generate_mock:
+            generate_user_preview_image_task(self.local_user.id)
+        args = generate_mock.call_args.kwargs
+        self.assertEqual(args["texts"]["text_one"], "possum")
+        self.assertEqual(args["texts"]["text_three"], f"@possum@{settings.DOMAIN}")
diff --git a/bookwyrm/urls.py b/bookwyrm/urls.py
index af5714d74..7cf99af3b 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/urls.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/urls.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ from django.views.generic.base import TemplateView
 from bookwyrm import settings, views
 from bookwyrm.utils import regex
 
-USER_PATH = r"^user/(?P<username>%s)" % regex.USERNAME
-LOCAL_USER_PATH = r"^user/(?P<username>%s)" % regex.LOCALNAME
+USER_PATH = rf"^user/(?P<username>{regex.USERNAME})"
+LOCAL_USER_PATH = rf"^user/(?P<username>{regex.LOCALNAME})"
 
 status_types = [
     "status",
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ status_types = [
     "boost",
     "generatednote",
 ]
-STATUS_PATH = r"%s/(%s)/(?P<status_id>\d+)" % (USER_PATH, "|".join(status_types))
+
+STATUS_TYPES_STRING = "|".join(status_types)
+STATUS_PATH = rf"{USER_PATH}/({STATUS_TYPES_STRING})/(?P<status_id>\d+)"
 
 BOOK_PATH = r"^book/(?P<book_id>\d+)"
 
@@ -33,8 +35,8 @@ urlpatterns = [
     ),
     # federation endpoints
     re_path(r"^inbox/?$", views.Inbox.as_view()),
-    re_path(r"%s/inbox/?$" % LOCAL_USER_PATH, views.Inbox.as_view()),
-    re_path(r"%s/outbox/?$" % LOCAL_USER_PATH, views.Outbox.as_view()),
+    re_path(rf"{LOCAL_USER_PATH}/inbox/?$", views.Inbox.as_view()),
+    re_path(rf"{LOCAL_USER_PATH}/outbox/?$", views.Outbox.as_view()),
     re_path(r"^\.well-known/webfinger/?$", views.webfinger),
     re_path(r"^\.well-known/nodeinfo/?$", views.nodeinfo_pointer),
     re_path(r"^\.well-known/host-meta/?$", views.host_meta),
@@ -220,12 +222,12 @@ urlpatterns = [
         name="get-started-users",
     ),
     # feeds
-    re_path(r"^(?P<tab>{:s})/?$".format(STREAMS), views.Feed.as_view()),
+    re_path(rf"^(?P<tab>{STREAMS})/?$", views.Feed.as_view()),
     re_path(
         r"^direct-messages/?$", views.DirectMessage.as_view(), name="direct-messages"
     ),
     re_path(
-        r"^direct-messages/(?P<username>%s)?$" % regex.USERNAME,
+        rf"^direct-messages/(?P<username>{regex.USERNAME})?$",
         views.DirectMessage.as_view(),
         name="direct-messages-user",
     ),
@@ -235,22 +237,22 @@ urlpatterns = [
     re_path(r"^import/?$", views.Import.as_view(), name="import"),
     re_path(r"^import/(\d+)/?$", views.ImportStatus.as_view(), name="import-status"),
     # users
-    re_path(r"%s\.json$" % USER_PATH, views.User.as_view()),
-    re_path(r"%s/?$" % USER_PATH, views.User.as_view(), name="user-feed"),
-    re_path(r"%s/rss" % USER_PATH, views.rss_feed.RssFeed(), name="user-rss"),
+    re_path(rf"{USER_PATH}\.json$", views.User.as_view()),
+    re_path(rf"{USER_PATH}/?$", views.User.as_view(), name="user-feed"),
+    re_path(rf"{USER_PATH}/rss/?$", views.rss_feed.RssFeed(), name="user-rss"),
     re_path(
-        r"%s/followers(.json)?/?$" % USER_PATH,
+        rf"{USER_PATH}/followers(.json)?/?$",
         views.Followers.as_view(),
         name="user-followers",
     ),
     re_path(
-        r"%s/following(.json)?/?$" % USER_PATH,
+        rf"{USER_PATH}/following(.json)?/?$",
         views.Following.as_view(),
         name="user-following",
     ),
     re_path(r"^hide-suggestions/?$", views.hide_suggestions, name="hide-suggestions"),
     # lists
-    re_path(r"%s/lists/?$" % USER_PATH, views.UserLists.as_view(), name="user-lists"),
+    re_path(rf"{USER_PATH}/lists/?$", views.UserLists.as_view(), name="user-lists"),
     re_path(r"^list/?$", views.Lists.as_view(), name="lists"),
     re_path(r"^list/saved/?$", views.SavedLists.as_view(), name="saved-lists"),
     re_path(r"^list/(?P<list_id>\d+)(.json)?/?$", views.List.as_view(), name="list"),
@@ -272,14 +274,14 @@ urlpatterns = [
     re_path(r"^save-list/(?P<list_id>\d+)/?$", views.save_list, name="list-save"),
     re_path(r"^unsave-list/(?P<list_id>\d+)/?$", views.unsave_list, name="list-unsave"),
     # User books
-    re_path(r"%s/books/?$" % USER_PATH, views.Shelf.as_view(), name="user-shelves"),
+    re_path(rf"{USER_PATH}/books/?$", views.Shelf.as_view(), name="user-shelves"),
     re_path(
-        r"^%s/(helf|books)/(?P<shelf_identifier>[\w-]+)(.json)?/?$" % USER_PATH,
+        rf"^{USER_PATH}/(helf|books)/(?P<shelf_identifier>[\w-]+)(.json)?/?$",
         views.Shelf.as_view(),
         name="shelf",
     ),
     re_path(
-        r"^%s/(books|shelf)/(?P<shelf_identifier>[\w-]+)(.json)?/?$" % LOCAL_USER_PATH,
+        rf"^{LOCAL_USER_PATH}/(books|shelf)/(?P<shelf_identifier>[\w-]+)(.json)?/?$",
         views.Shelf.as_view(),
         name="shelf",
     ),
@@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ urlpatterns = [
     re_path(r"^unshelve/?$", views.unshelve),
     # goals
     re_path(
-        r"%s/goal/(?P<year>\d{4})/?$" % USER_PATH,
+        rf"{USER_PATH}/goal/(?P<year>\d{4})/?$",
         views.Goal.as_view(),
         name="user-goal",
     ),
@@ -306,10 +308,10 @@ urlpatterns = [
     re_path(r"^block/(?P<user_id>\d+)/?$", views.Block.as_view()),
     re_path(r"^unblock/(?P<user_id>\d+)/?$", views.unblock),
     # statuses
-    re_path(r"%s(.json)?/?$" % STATUS_PATH, views.Status.as_view(), name="status"),
-    re_path(r"%s/activity/?$" % STATUS_PATH, views.Status.as_view(), name="status"),
+    re_path(rf"{STATUS_PATH}(.json)?/?$", views.Status.as_view(), name="status"),
+    re_path(rf"{STATUS_PATH}/activity/?$", views.Status.as_view(), name="status"),
     re_path(
-        r"%s/replies(.json)?/?$" % STATUS_PATH, views.Replies.as_view(), name="replies"
+        rf"{STATUS_PATH}/replies(.json)?/?$", views.Replies.as_view(), name="replies"
     ),
     re_path(
         r"^post/?$",
@@ -339,17 +341,17 @@ urlpatterns = [
     re_path(r"^boost/(?P<status_id>\d+)/?$", views.Boost.as_view()),
     re_path(r"^unboost/(?P<status_id>\d+)/?$", views.Unboost.as_view()),
     # books
-    re_path(r"%s(.json)?/?$" % BOOK_PATH, views.Book.as_view(), name="book"),
+    re_path(rf"{BOOK_PATH}(.json)?/?$", views.Book.as_view(), name="book"),
     re_path(
-        r"%s/(?P<user_statuses>review|comment|quote)/?$" % BOOK_PATH,
+        rf"{BOOK_PATH}/(?P<user_statuses>review|comment|quote)/?$",
         views.Book.as_view(),
         name="book-user-statuses",
     ),
-    re_path(r"%s/edit/?$" % BOOK_PATH, views.EditBook.as_view(), name="edit-book"),
-    re_path(r"%s/confirm/?$" % BOOK_PATH, views.ConfirmEditBook.as_view()),
+    re_path(rf"{BOOK_PATH}/edit/?$", views.EditBook.as_view(), name="edit-book"),
+    re_path(rf"{BOOK_PATH}/confirm/?$", views.ConfirmEditBook.as_view()),
     re_path(r"^create-book/?$", views.EditBook.as_view(), name="create-book"),
     re_path(r"^create-book/confirm?$", views.ConfirmEditBook.as_view()),
-    re_path(r"%s/editions(.json)?/?$" % BOOK_PATH, views.Editions.as_view()),
+    re_path(rf"{BOOK_PATH}/editions(.json)?/?$", views.Editions.as_view()),
     re_path(
         r"^upload-cover/(?P<book_id>\d+)/?$", views.upload_cover, name="upload-cover"
     ),
diff --git a/bookwyrm/utils/regex.py b/bookwyrm/utils/regex.py
index 3ac5a0ffd..f0c442459 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/utils/regex.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/utils/regex.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 DOMAIN = r"[\w_\-\.]+\.[a-z]{2,}"
 LOCALNAME = r"@?[a-zA-Z_\-\.0-9]+"
 STRICT_LOCALNAME = r"@[a-zA-Z_\-\.0-9]+"
-USERNAME = r"%s(@%s)?" % (LOCALNAME, DOMAIN)
-STRICT_USERNAME = r"\B%s(@%s)?\b" % (STRICT_LOCALNAME, DOMAIN)
-FULL_USERNAME = r"%s@%s\b" % (LOCALNAME, DOMAIN)
+USERNAME = rf"{LOCALNAME}(@{DOMAIN})?"
+STRICT_USERNAME = rf"\B{STRICT_LOCALNAME}(@{DOMAIN})?\b"
+FULL_USERNAME = rf"{LOCALNAME}@{DOMAIN}\b"
 # should match (BookWyrm/1.0.0; or (BookWyrm/99.1.2;
 BOOKWYRM_USER_AGENT = r"\(BookWyrm/[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+;"
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/author.py b/bookwyrm/views/author.py
index e51dc7d83..e1e9247de 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/author.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/author.py
@@ -55,4 +55,4 @@ class EditAuthor(View):
             return TemplateResponse(request, "author/edit_author.html", data)
         author = form.save()
 
-        return redirect("/author/%s" % author.id)
+        return redirect(f"/author/{author.id}")
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/books.py b/bookwyrm/views/books.py
index c25252959..a31a99e71 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/books.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/books.py
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class EditBook(View):
             # check if this is an edition of an existing work
             author_text = book.author_text if book else add_author
             data["book_matches"] = connector_manager.local_search(
-                "%s %s" % (form.cleaned_data.get("title"), author_text),
+                f'{form.cleaned_data.get("title")} {author_text}',
                 min_confidence=0.5,
                 raw=True,
             )[:5]
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class EditBook(View):
             if image:
                 book.cover.save(*image, save=False)
         book.save()
-        return redirect("/book/%s" % book.id)
+        return redirect(f"/book/{book.id}")
 
 
 @method_decorator(login_required, name="dispatch")
@@ -238,14 +238,14 @@ class ConfirmEditBook(View):
 
             # get or create author as needed
             for i in range(int(request.POST.get("author-match-count", 0))):
-                match = request.POST.get("author_match-%d" % i)
+                match = request.POST.get(f"author_match-{i}")
                 if not match:
                     return HttpResponseBadRequest()
                 try:
                     # if it's an int, it's an ID
                     match = int(match)
                     author = get_object_or_404(
-                        models.Author, id=request.POST["author_match-%d" % i]
+                        models.Author, id=request.POST[f"author_match-{i}"]
                     )
                 except ValueError:
                     # otherwise it's a name
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class ConfirmEditBook(View):
             for author_id in request.POST.getlist("remove_authors"):
                 book.authors.remove(author_id)
 
-        return redirect("/book/%s" % book.id)
+        return redirect(f"/book/{book.id}")
 
 
 @login_required
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ def upload_cover(request, book_id):
         if image:
             book.cover.save(*image)
 
-        return redirect("{:s}?cover_error=True".format(book.local_path))
+        return redirect(f"{book.local_path}?cover_error=True")
 
     form = forms.CoverForm(request.POST, request.FILES, instance=book)
     if not form.is_valid() or not form.files.get("cover"):
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/edit_user.py b/bookwyrm/views/edit_user.py
index b97f27374..4026a5319 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/edit_user.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/edit_user.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def save_user_form(form):
 
         # set the name to a hash
         extension = form.files["avatar"].name.split(".")[-1]
-        filename = "%s.%s" % (uuid4(), extension)
+        filename = f"{uuid4()}.{extension}"
         user.avatar.save(filename, image, save=False)
     user.save()
     return user
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/editions.py b/bookwyrm/views/editions.py
index 7615c497c..d044f17cd 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/editions.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/editions.py
@@ -96,4 +96,4 @@ def switch_edition(request):
         readthrough.book = new_edition
         readthrough.save()
 
-    return redirect("/book/%d" % new_edition.id)
+    return redirect(f"/book/{new_edition.id}")
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/feed.py b/bookwyrm/views/feed.py
index d17de8f96..98a1c836c 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/feed.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/feed.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Feed(View):
                 "tab": tab,
                 "streams": STREAMS,
                 "goal_form": forms.GoalForm(),
-                "path": "/%s" % tab["key"],
+                "path": f"/{tab['key']}",
             },
         }
         return TemplateResponse(request, "feed/feed.html", data)
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/follow.py b/bookwyrm/views/follow.py
index c3336a94a..0710a70c5 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/follow.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/follow.py
@@ -86,4 +86,4 @@ def delete_follow_request(request):
         return HttpResponseBadRequest()
 
     follow_request.delete()
-    return redirect("/user/%s" % request.user.localname)
+    return redirect(f"/user/{request.user.localname}")
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/helpers.py b/bookwyrm/views/helpers.py
index f9789e9a1..c1fe372cd 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/helpers.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/helpers.py
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def handle_remote_webfinger(query):
     try:
         user = models.User.objects.get(username__iexact=query)
     except models.User.DoesNotExist:
-        url = "https://%s/.well-known/webfinger?resource=acct:%s" % (domain, query)
+        url = f"https://{domain}/.well-known/webfinger?resource=acct:{query}"
         try:
             data = get_data(url)
         except (ConnectorException, HTTPError):
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/import_data.py b/bookwyrm/views/import_data.py
index 634940a07..2232e39c2 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/import_data.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/import_data.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class Import(View):
 
             importer.start_import(job)
 
-            return redirect("/import/%d" % job.id)
+            return redirect(f"/import/{job.id}")
         return HttpResponseBadRequest()
 
 
@@ -112,4 +112,4 @@ class ImportStatus(View):
             items,
         )
         importer.start_import(job)
-        return redirect("/import/%d" % job.id)
+        return redirect(f"/import/{job.id}")
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/inbox.py b/bookwyrm/views/inbox.py
index e255b4fa2..ff01cfb2f 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/inbox.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/inbox.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def is_blocked_user_agent(request):
     user_agent = request.headers.get("User-Agent")
     if not user_agent:
         return False
-    url = re.search(r"https?://{:s}/?".format(regex.DOMAIN), user_agent)
+    url = re.search(rf"https?://{regex.DOMAIN}/?", user_agent)
     if not url:
         return False
     url = url.group()
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/list.py b/bookwyrm/views/list.py
index 8e600490a..695302041 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/list.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/list.py
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ def add_book(request):
     path = reverse("list", args=[book_list.id])
     params = request.GET.copy()
     params["updated"] = True
-    return redirect("{:s}?{:s}".format(path, urlencode(params)))
+    return redirect(f"{path}?{urlencode(params)}")
 
 
 @require_POST
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def set_book_position(request, list_item_id):
 def increment_order_in_reverse(
     book_list_id: int, start: int, end: Optional[int] = None
 ):
-    """increase the order nu,ber for every item in a list"""
+    """increase the order number for every item in a list"""
     try:
         book_list = models.List.objects.get(id=book_list_id)
     except models.List.DoesNotExist:
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/login.py b/bookwyrm/views/login.py
index 97d541690..6c40e4cef 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/login.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/login.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class Login(View):
             except models.User.DoesNotExist:  # maybe it's a full username?
                 username = localname
         else:
-            username = "%s@%s" % (localname, DOMAIN)
+            username = f"{localname}@{DOMAIN}"
         password = login_form.data["password"]
 
         # perform authentication
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/password.py b/bookwyrm/views/password.py
index 6d202ce24..baf1b3ff4 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/password.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/password.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class PasswordResetRequest(View):
         # create a new reset code
         code = models.PasswordReset.objects.create(user=user)
         password_reset_email(code)
-        data = {"message": _("A password reset link sent to %s" % email)}
+        data = {"message": _(f"A password reset link sent to {email}")}
         return TemplateResponse(request, "password_reset_request.html", data)
 
 
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/register.py b/bookwyrm/views/register.py
index a10678540..bf927e682 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/register.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/register.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class Register(View):
                 return TemplateResponse(request, "invite.html", data)
             return TemplateResponse(request, "login.html", data)
 
-        username = "%s@%s" % (localname, DOMAIN)
+        username = f"{localname}@{DOMAIN}"
         user = models.User.objects.create_user(
             username,
             email,
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/search.py b/bookwyrm/views/search.py
index cdea86631..d8abdce5b 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/search.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/search.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class Search(View):
                 data["results"] = paginated
                 data["remote"] = search_remote
 
-        return TemplateResponse(request, "search/{:s}.html".format(search_type), data)
+        return TemplateResponse(request, f"search/{search_type}.html", data)
 
 
 def book_search(query, _, min_confidence, search_remote=False):
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/status.py b/bookwyrm/views/status.py
index 0ead2d014..c8131f657 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/status.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/status.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class CreateStatus(View):
         status_type = status_type[0].upper() + status_type[1:]
 
         try:
-            form = getattr(forms, "%sForm" % status_type)(request.POST)
+            form = getattr(forms, f"{status_type}Form")(request.POST)
         except AttributeError:
             return HttpResponseBadRequest()
         if not form.is_valid():
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ class CreateStatus(View):
 
             # turn the mention into a link
             content = re.sub(
-                r"%s([^@]|$)" % mention_text,
-                r'<a href="%s">%s</a>\g<1>' % (mention_user.remote_id, mention_text),
+                rf"{mention_text}([^@]|$)",
+                rf'<a href="{mention_user.remote_id}">{mention_text}</a>\g<1>',
                 content,
             )
         # add reply parent to mentions
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def format_links(content):
             if url.fragment != "":
                 link += "#" + url.fragment
 
-            formatted_content += '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (potential_link, link)
+            formatted_content += f'<a href="{potential_link}">{link}</a>'
         except (ValidationError, UnicodeError):
             formatted_content += potential_link
 
diff --git a/bookwyrm/views/wellknown.py b/bookwyrm/views/wellknown.py
index c981eb69e..660a45244 100644
--- a/bookwyrm/views/wellknown.py
+++ b/bookwyrm/views/wellknown.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def webfinger(request):
 
     return JsonResponse(
         {
-            "subject": "acct:%s" % (user.username),
+            "subject": f"acct:{user.username}",
             "links": [
                 {
                     "rel": "self",
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def nodeinfo_pointer(_):
             "links": [
                 {
                     "rel": "http://nodeinfo.diaspora.software/ns/schema/2.0",
-                    "href": "https://%s/nodeinfo/2.0" % DOMAIN,
+                    "href": f"https://{DOMAIN}/nodeinfo/2.0",
                 }
             ]
         }