diff --git a/src/connector.rs b/src/connector.rs
index 27a2976a3..6458f803e 100644
--- a/src/connector.rs
+++ b/src/connector.rs
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl<T: HostAware> Connector<T> {
         InitError = E,
     > + Clone {
         move || -> FutureResult<Connector<T>, E> {
-            ok(Connector::new(cfg.clone(), opts.clone()))
+            ok(Connector::new(cfg.clone(), opts))
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/service/apply.rs b/src/service/apply.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15e31020b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/service/apply.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
+use {NewService, Service};
+
+/// `Apply` service combinator
+pub struct Apply<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err> {
+    service: T,
+    f: F,
+    r: PhantomData<R>,
+    r1: PhantomData<Req>,
+    r2: PhantomData<Resp>,
+    e: PhantomData<Err>,
+}
+
+impl<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err> Apply<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>
+where
+    T: Service,
+    F: Fn(Req, &mut T) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = Resp, Error = Err>,
+{
+    /// Create new `Apply` combinator
+    pub fn new(f: F, service: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            service,
+            f,
+            r: PhantomData,
+            r1: PhantomData,
+            r2: PhantomData,
+            e: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err> Service for Apply<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>
+where
+    T: Service,
+    T::Error: Into<Err>,
+    F: Fn(Req, &mut T) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = Resp, Error = Err>,
+{
+    type Request = Req;
+    type Response = Resp;
+    type Error = Err;
+    type Future = R;
+
+    fn poll_ready(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.service.poll_ready().map_err(|e| e.into())
+    }
+
+    fn call(&mut self, req: Self::Request) -> Self::Future {
+        (self.f)(req, &mut self.service)
+    }
+}
+
+/// `ApplyNewService` new service combinator
+pub struct ApplyNewService<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err> {
+    service: T,
+    f: F,
+    r: PhantomData<R>,
+    r1: PhantomData<Req>,
+    r2: PhantomData<Resp>,
+    e: PhantomData<Err>,
+}
+
+impl<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err> ApplyNewService<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>
+where
+    T: NewService,
+    F: Fn(Req, &mut T::Service) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = Resp, Error = Err>,
+{
+    /// Create new `Partial` new service instance
+    pub fn new(f: F, service: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            service,
+            f,
+            r: PhantomData,
+            r1: PhantomData,
+            r2: PhantomData,
+            e: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err> Clone for ApplyNewService<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>
+where
+    T: NewService + Clone,
+    F: Fn(Req, &mut T::Service) -> R + Clone,
+    R: Future<Item = Resp, Error = Err>,
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            service: self.service.clone(),
+            f: self.f.clone(),
+            r: PhantomData,
+            r1: PhantomData,
+            r2: PhantomData,
+            e: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err> NewService for ApplyNewService<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>
+where
+    T: NewService,
+    T::Error: Into<Err>,
+    F: Fn(Req, &mut T::Service) -> R + Clone,
+    R: Future<Item = Resp, Error = Err>,
+{
+    type Request = Req;
+    type Response = Resp;
+    type Error = Err;
+    type Service = Apply<T::Service, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>;
+
+    type InitError = T::InitError;
+    type Future = ApplyNewServiceFuture<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>;
+
+    fn new_service(&self) -> Self::Future {
+        ApplyNewServiceFuture::new(self.service.new_service(), self.f.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ApplyNewServiceFuture<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>
+where
+    T: NewService,
+    F: Fn(Req, &mut T::Service) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = Resp, Error = Err>,
+{
+    fut: T::Future,
+    f: Option<F>,
+    r: PhantomData<R>,
+    r1: PhantomData<Req>,
+    r2: PhantomData<Resp>,
+    e: PhantomData<Err>,
+}
+
+impl<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err> ApplyNewServiceFuture<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>
+where
+    T: NewService,
+    F: Fn(Req, &mut T::Service) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = Resp, Error = Err>,
+{
+    fn new(fut: T::Future, f: F) -> Self {
+        ApplyNewServiceFuture {
+            f: Some(f),
+            fut,
+            r: PhantomData,
+            r1: PhantomData,
+            r2: PhantomData,
+            e: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err> Future for ApplyNewServiceFuture<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>
+where
+    T: NewService,
+    F: Fn(Req, &mut T::Service) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = Resp, Error = Err>,
+{
+    type Item = Apply<T::Service, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>;
+    type Error = T::InitError;
+
+    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
+        if let Async::Ready(service) = self.fut.poll()? {
+            Ok(Async::Ready(Apply::new(self.f.take().unwrap(), service)))
+        } else {
+            Ok(Async::NotReady)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/service/mod.rs b/src/service/mod.rs
index f85dc600b..2fdca0a61 100644
--- a/src/service/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/mod.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-use futures::IntoFuture;
-use tower_service::{NewService, Service};
+use futures::{Future, IntoFuture};
 
 mod and_then;
+mod apply;
 mod fn_service;
 mod fn_state_service;
 mod map;
 mod map_err;
 mod map_init_err;
 mod map_request;
-mod partial;
 
 pub use self::and_then::{AndThen, AndThenNewService};
+pub use self::apply::{Apply, ApplyNewService};
 pub use self::fn_service::{FnNewService, FnService};
 pub use self::fn_state_service::{FnStateNewService, FnStateService};
 pub use self::map::{Map, MapNewService};
 pub use self::map_err::{MapErr, MapErrNewService};
 pub use self::map_init_err::MapInitErr;
 pub use self::map_request::{MapReq, MapReqNewService};
-pub use self::partial::{Partial, PartialNewService};
+use {NewService, Service};
 
 pub trait ServiceExt: Service {
     fn and_then<F, B>(self, new_service: F) -> AndThen<Self, B>
@@ -47,6 +47,18 @@ pub trait ServiceExt: Service {
 }
 
 pub trait NewServiceExt: NewService {
+    fn apply<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err, F2>(
+        f: F, service: F2,
+    ) -> ApplyNewService<T, F, R, Req, Resp, Err>
+    where
+        T: NewService,
+        F: Fn(Req, &mut T::Service) -> R + Clone,
+        R: Future<Item = Resp, Error = Err>,
+        F2: IntoNewService<T>,
+    {
+        ApplyNewService::new(f, service.into_new_service())
+    }
+
     fn and_then<F, B>(self, new_service: F) -> AndThenNewService<Self, B>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -91,14 +103,6 @@ pub trait NewServiceExt: NewService {
     {
         MapInitErr::new(self, f)
     }
-
-    fn partial<F, Req, Resp>(self, f: F) -> PartialNewService<Self, F, Req, Resp>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-        F: Fn(Req) -> (Self::Request, Resp),
-    {
-        PartialNewService::new(self, f)
-    }
 }
 
 impl<T: Service> ServiceExt for T {}
diff --git a/src/service/partial.rs b/src/service/partial.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index a0bdf2bf6..000000000
--- a/src/service/partial.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-
-use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
-use {NewService, Service};
-
-/// `Partial` service combinator
-pub struct Partial<A, F, Req, Resp> {
-    a: A,
-    f: F,
-    r1: PhantomData<Req>,
-    r2: PhantomData<Resp>,
-}
-
-impl<A, F, Req, Resp> Partial<A, F, Req, Resp>
-where
-    A: Service,
-    F: Fn(Req) -> (A::Request, Resp),
-{
-    /// Create new `Partial` combinator
-    pub fn new(a: A, f: F) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            a,
-            f,
-            r1: PhantomData,
-            r2: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<A, F, Req, Resp> Service for Partial<A, F, Req, Resp>
-where
-    A: Service,
-    F: Fn(Req) -> (A::Request, Resp),
-{
-    type Request = Req;
-    type Response = (A::Response, Resp);
-    type Error = A::Error;
-    type Future = PartialFuture<A, Resp>;
-
-    fn poll_ready(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.a.poll_ready()
-    }
-
-    fn call(&mut self, req: Self::Request) -> Self::Future {
-        let (req, resp) = (self.f)(req);
-        PartialFuture::new(self.a.call(req), resp)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct PartialFuture<A, Resp>
-where
-    A: Service,
-{
-    fut: A::Future,
-    resp: Option<Resp>,
-}
-
-impl<A, Resp> PartialFuture<A, Resp>
-where
-    A: Service,
-{
-    fn new(fut: A::Future, resp: Resp) -> Self {
-        PartialFuture {
-            fut,
-            resp: Some(resp),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<A, Resp> Future for PartialFuture<A, Resp>
-where
-    A: Service,
-{
-    type Item = (A::Response, Resp);
-    type Error = A::Error;
-
-    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
-        match self.fut.poll()? {
-            Async::Ready(resp) => Ok(Async::Ready((resp, self.resp.take().unwrap()))),
-            Async::NotReady => Ok(Async::NotReady),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// `PartialNewService` new service combinator
-pub struct PartialNewService<A, F, Req, Resp> {
-    a: A,
-    f: F,
-    r1: PhantomData<Req>,
-    r2: PhantomData<Resp>,
-}
-
-impl<A, F, Req, Resp> PartialNewService<A, F, Req, Resp>
-where
-    A: NewService,
-    F: Fn(Req) -> (A::Request, Resp),
-{
-    /// Create new `Partial` new service instance
-    pub fn new(a: A, f: F) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            a,
-            f,
-            r1: PhantomData,
-            r2: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<A, F, Req, Resp> Clone for PartialNewService<A, F, Req, Resp>
-where
-    A: NewService + Clone,
-    F: Fn(Req) -> (A::Request, Resp) + Clone,
-{
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            a: self.a.clone(),
-            f: self.f.clone(),
-            r1: PhantomData,
-            r2: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<A, F, Req, Resp> NewService for PartialNewService<A, F, Req, Resp>
-where
-    A: NewService,
-    F: Fn(Req) -> (A::Request, Resp) + Clone,
-{
-    type Request = Req;
-    type Response = (A::Response, Resp);
-    type Error = A::Error;
-    type Service = Partial<A::Service, F, Req, Resp>;
-
-    type InitError = A::InitError;
-    type Future = PartialNewServiceFuture<A, F, Req, Resp>;
-
-    fn new_service(&self) -> Self::Future {
-        PartialNewServiceFuture::new(self.a.new_service(), self.f.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct PartialNewServiceFuture<A, F, Req, Resp>
-where
-    A: NewService,
-    F: Fn(Req) -> (A::Request, Resp),
-{
-    fut: A::Future,
-    f: Option<F>,
-    r1: PhantomData<Req>,
-    r2: PhantomData<Resp>,
-}
-
-impl<A, F, Req, Resp> PartialNewServiceFuture<A, F, Req, Resp>
-where
-    A: NewService,
-    F: Fn(Req) -> (A::Request, Resp),
-{
-    fn new(fut: A::Future, f: F) -> Self {
-        PartialNewServiceFuture {
-            f: Some(f),
-            fut,
-            r1: PhantomData,
-            r2: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<A, F, Req, Resp> Future for PartialNewServiceFuture<A, F, Req, Resp>
-where
-    A: NewService,
-    F: Fn(Req) -> (A::Request, Resp),
-{
-    type Item = Partial<A::Service, F, Req, Resp>;
-    type Error = A::InitError;
-
-    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
-        if let Async::Ready(service) = self.fut.poll()? {
-            Ok(Async::Ready(Partial::new(service, self.f.take().unwrap())))
-        } else {
-            Ok(Async::NotReady)
-        }
-    }
-}