clippy warnings; fmt

rustfmt.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 max_width = 89
 reorder_imports = true
-reorder_imports_in_group = true
+#reorder_imports_in_group = true
-reorder_imported_names = true
+#reorder_imported_names = true
 wrap_comments = true
 fn_args_density = "Compressed"
-#use_small_heuristics = false
+use_small_heuristics = false

src/application.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::mem;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use handler::Reply;
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> HttpApplication<S> {
 
                 if m {
                     let path: &'static str = unsafe {
-                        mem::transmute(&req.path()[inner.prefix + prefix.len()..])
+                        &*(&req.path()[inner.prefix + prefix.len()..] as *const _)
                     };
                     if path.is_empty() {
                         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "");
@@ -112,12 +111,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> HttpHandler for HttpApplication<S> {
             let mut req = req.with_state(Rc::clone(&self.state), self.router.clone());
             let tp = self.get_handler(&mut req);
             let inner = Rc::clone(&self.inner);
-            Ok(Box::new(Pipeline::new(
+            Ok(Box::new(Pipeline::new(req, Rc::clone(&self.middlewares), inner, tp)))
-                req,
-                Rc::clone(&self.middlewares),
-                inner,
-                tp,
-            )))
         } else {
             Err(req)
         }
@@ -280,7 +274,7 @@ where
     {
         {
             let parts: &mut ApplicationParts<S> = unsafe {
-                mem::transmute(self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish"))
+                &mut *(self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish") as *mut _)
             };
 
             // get resource handler
@@ -455,20 +449,14 @@ where
             }
             let parts = self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish");
 
-            parts
+            parts.handlers.push((path, Box::new(WrapHandler::new(handler))));
-                .handlers
-                .push((path, Box::new(WrapHandler::new(handler))));
         }
         self
     }
 
     /// Register a middleware.
     pub fn middleware<M: Middleware<S>>(mut self, mw: M) -> App<S> {
-        self.parts
+        self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish").middlewares.push(Box::new(mw));
-            .as_mut()
-            .expect("Use after finish")
-            .middlewares
-            .push(Box::new(mw));
         self
     }
 
@@ -623,9 +611,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_default_resource() {
-        let mut app = App::new()
+        let mut app =
-            .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+            App::new().resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())).finish();
-            .finish();
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
@@ -633,20 +620,14 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
 
         let mut app = App::new()
             .default_resource(|r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
             .finish();
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -660,9 +641,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_state() {
-        let mut app = App::with_state(10)
+        let mut app =
-            .resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+            App::with_state(10).resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())).finish();
-            .finish();
         let req =
             HttpRequest::default().with_state(Rc::clone(&app.state), app.router.clone());
         let resp = app.run(req);
@@ -694,9 +674,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_handler() {
-        let mut app = App::new()
+        let mut app = App::new().handler("/test", |_| HttpResponse::Ok()).finish();
-            .handler("/test", |_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-            .finish();
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
@@ -712,24 +690,16 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/testapp").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_handler2() {
-        let mut app = App::new()
+        let mut app = App::new().handler("test", |_| HttpResponse::Ok()).finish();
-            .handler("test", |_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-            .finish();
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
@@ -745,17 +715,11 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/testapp").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -779,68 +743,41 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/testapp").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_route() {
         let mut app = App::new()
-            .route("/test", Method::GET, |_: HttpRequest| {
+            .route("/test", Method::GET, |_: HttpRequest| HttpResponse::Ok())
-                HttpResponse::Ok()
+            .route("/test", Method::POST, |_: HttpRequest| HttpResponse::Created())
-            })
-            .route("/test", Method::POST, |_: HttpRequest| {
-                HttpResponse::Created()
-            })
             .finish();
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test")
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").method(Method::GET).finish();
-            .method(Method::GET)
-            .finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
         assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test")
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").method(Method::POST).finish();
-            .method(Method::POST)
-            .finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::CREATED
-        );
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test")
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").method(Method::HEAD).finish();
-            .method(Method::HEAD)
-            .finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_handler_prefix() {
-        let mut app = App::new()
+        let mut app =
-            .prefix("/app")
+            App::new().prefix("/app").handler("/test", |_| HttpResponse::Ok()).finish();
-            .handler("/test", |_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-            .finish();
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
@@ -856,16 +793,10 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/testapp").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
     }
 }

src/body.rs

@@ -258,9 +258,7 @@ impl Responder for Binary {
     type Error = Error;
 
     fn respond_to(self, _: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
-        Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()
+        Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().content_type("application/octet-stream").body(self))
-            .content_type("application/octet-stream")
-            .body(self))
     }
 }
 

src/client/connector.rs

@@ -94,13 +94,17 @@ pub struct Pause {
 impl Pause {
     /// Create message with pause duration parameter
     pub fn new(time: Duration) -> Pause {
-        Pause { time: Some(time) }
+        Pause {
+            time: Some(time),
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl Default for Pause {
     fn default() -> Pause {
-        Pause { time: None }
+        Pause {
+            time: None,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -427,8 +431,7 @@ impl ClientConnector {
         } else {
             0
         };
-        self.acquired_per_host
+        self.acquired_per_host.insert(key.clone(), per_host + 1);
-            .insert(key.clone(), per_host + 1);
     }
 
     fn release_key(&mut self, key: &Key) {
@@ -439,8 +442,7 @@ impl ClientConnector {
             return;
         };
         if per_host > 1 {
-            self.acquired_per_host
+            self.acquired_per_host.insert(key.clone(), per_host - 1);
-                .insert(key.clone(), per_host - 1);
         } else {
             self.acquired_per_host.remove(key);
         }
@@ -516,9 +518,7 @@ impl ClientConnector {
     fn collect_periodic(&mut self, ctx: &mut Context<Self>) {
         self.collect(true);
         // re-schedule next collect period
-        ctx.run_later(Duration::from_secs(1), |act, ctx| {
+        ctx.run_later(Duration::from_secs(1), |act, ctx| act.collect_periodic(ctx));
-            act.collect_periodic(ctx)
-        });
 
         // send stats
         let stats = mem::replace(&mut self.stats, ClientConnectorStats::default());
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ impl ClientConnector {
     }
 
     fn wait_for(
-        &mut self, key: Key, wait: Duration, conn_timeout: Duration
+        &mut self, key: Key, wait: Duration, conn_timeout: Duration,
     ) -> oneshot::Receiver<Result<Connection, ClientConnectorError>> {
         // connection is not available, wait
         let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
@@ -583,10 +583,7 @@ impl ClientConnector {
             wait,
             conn_timeout,
         };
-        self.waiters
+        self.waiters.entry(key).or_insert_with(VecDeque::new).push_back(waiter);
-            .entry(key)
-            .or_insert_with(VecDeque::new)
-            .push_back(waiter);
         rx
     }
 }
@@ -810,7 +807,7 @@ impl fut::ActorFuture for Maintenance {
     type Actor = ClientConnector;
 
     fn poll(
-        &mut self, act: &mut ClientConnector, ctx: &mut Context<ClientConnector>
+        &mut self, act: &mut ClientConnector, ctx: &mut Context<ClientConnector>,
     ) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
         // check pause duration
         let done = if let Some(Some(ref pause)) = act.paused {
@@ -1105,10 +1102,7 @@ impl Pool {
         if self.to_close.borrow().is_empty() {
             None
         } else {
-            Some(mem::replace(
+            Some(mem::replace(&mut *self.to_close.borrow_mut(), Vec::new()))
-                &mut *self.to_close.borrow_mut(),
-                Vec::new(),
-            ))
         }
     }
 
@@ -1116,10 +1110,7 @@ impl Pool {
         if self.to_release.borrow().is_empty() {
             None
         } else {
-            Some(mem::replace(
+            Some(mem::replace(&mut *self.to_release.borrow_mut(), Vec::new()))
-                &mut *self.to_release.borrow_mut(),
-                Vec::new(),
-            ))
         }
     }
 

src/client/pipeline.rs

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ use error::Error;
 use error::PayloadError;
 use header::ContentEncoding;
 use httpmessage::HttpMessage;
-use server::WriterState;
 use server::encoding::PayloadStream;
 use server::shared::SharedBytes;
+use server::WriterState;
 
 /// A set of errors that can occur during request sending and response reading
 #[derive(Fail, Debug)]
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl SendRequest {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn with_connector(
-        req: ClientRequest, conn: Addr<Unsync, ClientConnector>
+        req: ClientRequest, conn: Addr<Unsync, ClientConnector>,
     ) -> SendRequest {
         SendRequest {
             req,
@@ -269,11 +269,7 @@ impl Pipeline {
     #[inline]
     fn parse(&mut self) -> Poll<ClientResponse, HttpResponseParserError> {
         if let Some(ref mut conn) = self.conn {
-            match self.parser
+            match self.parser.as_mut().unwrap().parse(conn, &mut self.parser_buf) {
-                .as_mut()
-                .unwrap()
-                .parse(conn, &mut self.parser_buf)
-            {
                 Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => {
                     // check content-encoding
                     if self.should_decompress {
@@ -469,9 +465,7 @@ impl Pipeline {
         }
 
         // flush io but only if we need to
-        match self.writer
+        match self.writer.poll_completed(self.conn.as_mut().unwrap(), false) {
-            .poll_completed(self.conn.as_mut().unwrap(), false)
-        {
             Ok(Async::Ready(_)) => {
                 if self.disconnected
                     || (self.body_completed && self.writer.is_completed())

src/client/request.rs

@@ -499,10 +499,7 @@ impl ClientRequestBuilder {
             jar.add(cookie.into_owned());
             self.cookies = Some(jar)
         } else {
-            self.cookies
+            self.cookies.as_mut().unwrap().add(cookie.into_owned());
-                .as_mut()
-                .unwrap()
-                .add(cookie.into_owned());
         }
         self
     }
@@ -594,11 +591,7 @@ impl ClientRequestBuilder {
         if self.default_headers {
             // enable br only for https
             let https = if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.request, &self.err) {
-                parts
+                parts.uri.scheme_part().map(|s| s == &uri::Scheme::HTTPS).unwrap_or(true)
-                    .uri
-                    .scheme_part()
-                    .map(|s| s == &uri::Scheme::HTTPS)
-                    .unwrap_or(true)
             } else {
                 true
             };
@@ -610,9 +603,7 @@ impl ClientRequestBuilder {
             }
         }
 
-        let mut request = self.request
+        let mut request = self.request.take().expect("cannot reuse request builder");
-            .take()
-            .expect("cannot reuse request builder");
 
         // set cookies
         if let Some(ref mut jar) = self.cookies {
@@ -657,9 +648,7 @@ impl ClientRequestBuilder {
         S: Stream<Item = Bytes, Error = E> + 'static,
         E: Into<Error>,
     {
-        self.body(Body::Streaming(Box::new(
+        self.body(Body::Streaming(Box::new(stream.map_err(|e| e.into()))))
-            stream.map_err(|e| e.into()),
-        )))
     }
 
     /// Set an empty body and generate `ClientRequest`
@@ -682,7 +671,7 @@ impl ClientRequestBuilder {
 
 #[inline]
 fn parts<'a>(
-    parts: &'a mut Option<ClientRequest>, err: &Option<HttpError>
+    parts: &'a mut Option<ClientRequest>, err: &Option<HttpError>,
 ) -> Option<&'a mut ClientRequest> {
     if err.is_some() {
         return None;

src/client/response.rs

@@ -103,12 +103,7 @@ impl ClientResponse {
 
 impl fmt::Debug for ClientResponse {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        let res = writeln!(
+        let res = writeln!(f, "\nClientResponse {:?} {}", self.version(), self.status());
-            f,
-            "\nClientResponse {:?} {}",
-            self.version(),
-            self.status()
-        );
         let _ = writeln!(f, "  headers:");
         for (key, val) in self.headers().iter() {
             let _ = writeln!(f, "    {:?}: {:?}", key, val);
@@ -138,14 +133,12 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_debug() {
         let resp = ClientResponse::new(ClientMessage::default());
-        resp.as_mut().headers.insert(
+        resp.as_mut()
-            header::COOKIE,
+            .headers
-            HeaderValue::from_static("cookie1=value1"),
+            .insert(header::COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("cookie1=value1"));
-        );
+        resp.as_mut()
-        resp.as_mut().headers.insert(
+            .headers
-            header::COOKIE,
+            .insert(header::COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("cookie2=value2"));
-            HeaderValue::from_static("cookie2=value2"),
-        );
 
         let dbg = format!("{:?}", resp);
         assert!(dbg.contains("ClientResponse"));

src/client/writer.rs

@@ -114,10 +114,7 @@ impl HttpClientWriter {
                 self.buffer,
                 "{} {} {:?}\r",
                 msg.method(),
-                msg.uri()
+                msg.uri().path_and_query().map(|u| u.as_str()).unwrap_or("/"),
-                    .path_and_query()
-                    .map(|u| u.as_str())
-                    .unwrap_or("/"),
                 msg.version()
             )?;
 
@@ -253,10 +250,8 @@ fn content_encoder(buf: SharedBytes, req: &mut ClientRequest) -> ContentEncoder
             }
             let mut b = BytesMut::new();
             let _ = write!(b, "{}", bytes.len());
-            req.headers_mut().insert(
+            req.headers_mut()
-                CONTENT_LENGTH,
+                .insert(CONTENT_LENGTH, HeaderValue::try_from(b.freeze()).unwrap());
-                HeaderValue::try_from(b.freeze()).unwrap(),
-            );
             TransferEncoding::eof(buf)
         }
         Body::Streaming(_) | Body::Actor(_) => {
@@ -279,10 +274,8 @@ fn content_encoder(buf: SharedBytes, req: &mut ClientRequest) -> ContentEncoder
     };
 
     if encoding.is_compression() {
-        req.headers_mut().insert(
+        req.headers_mut()
-            CONTENT_ENCODING,
+            .insert(CONTENT_ENCODING, HeaderValue::from_static(encoding.as_str()));
-            HeaderValue::from_static(encoding.as_str()),
-        );
     }
 
     req.replace_body(body);

src/context.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use futures::unsync::oneshot;
 use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::mem;
 
 use actix::dev::{ContextImpl, SyncEnvelope, ToEnvelope};
 use actix::fut::ActorFuture;
@@ -174,7 +173,9 @@ where
         if self.stream.is_none() {
             self.stream = Some(SmallVec::new());
         }
-        self.stream.as_mut().map(|s| s.push(frame));
+        if let Some(s) = self.stream.as_mut() {
+            s.push(frame)
+        }
         self.inner.modify();
     }
 
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ where
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Option<SmallVec<[Frame; 4]>>, Error> {
         let ctx: &mut HttpContext<A, S> =
-            unsafe { mem::transmute(self as &mut HttpContext<A, S>) };
+            unsafe { &mut *(self as &mut HttpContext<A, S> as *mut _) };
 
         if self.inner.alive() {
             match self.inner.poll(ctx) {
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ impl<A: Actor> ActorFuture for Drain<A> {
 
     #[inline]
     fn poll(
-        &mut self, _: &mut A, _: &mut <Self::Actor as Actor>::Context
+        &mut self, _: &mut A, _: &mut <Self::Actor as Actor>::Context,
     ) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
         self.fut.poll().map_err(|_| ())
     }

src/de.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ pub struct PathDeserializer<'de, S: 'de> {
 
 impl<'de, S: 'de> PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     pub fn new(req: &'de HttpRequest<S>) -> Self {
-        PathDeserializer { req }
+        PathDeserializer {
+            req,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_unit_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_tuple<V>(
-        self, len: usize, visitor: V
+        self, len: usize, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_tuple_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, len: usize, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, len: usize, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_enum<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -202,11 +204,12 @@ impl<'de> de::MapAccess<'de> for ParamsDeserializer<'de> {
     where
         K: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
     {
-        self.current = self.params
+        self.current =
-            .next()
+            self.params.next().map(|&(ref k, ref v)| (k.as_ref(), v.as_ref()));
-            .map(|&(ref k, ref v)| (k.as_ref(), v.as_ref()));
         match self.current {
-            Some((key, _)) => Ok(Some(seed.deserialize(Key { key })?)),
+            Some((key, _)) => Ok(Some(seed.deserialize(Key {
+                key,
+            })?)),
             None => Ok(None),
         }
     }
@@ -216,7 +219,9 @@ impl<'de> de::MapAccess<'de> for ParamsDeserializer<'de> {
         V: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
     {
         if let Some((_, value)) = self.current.take() {
-            seed.deserialize(Value { value })
+            seed.deserialize(Value {
+                value,
+            })
         } else {
             Err(de::value::Error::custom("unexpected item"))
         }
@@ -301,7 +306,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_unit_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -331,7 +336,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_enum<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -342,7 +347,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -358,7 +363,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -367,14 +372,12 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_tuple_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: usize, _: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: usize, _: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
     {
-        Err(de::value::Error::custom(
+        Err(de::value::Error::custom("unsupported type: tuple struct"))
-            "unsupported type: tuple struct",
-        ))
     }
 
     unsupported_type!(deserialize_any, "any");
@@ -416,7 +419,9 @@ impl<'de> de::EnumAccess<'de> for ValueEnum<'de> {
         V: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
     {
         Ok((
-            seed.deserialize(Key { key: self.value })?,
+            seed.deserialize(Key {
+                key: self.value,
+            })?,
             UnitVariant,
         ))
     }
@@ -446,7 +451,7 @@ impl<'de> de::VariantAccess<'de> for UnitVariant {
     }
 
     fn struct_variant<V>(
-        self, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V
+        self, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,

src/error.rs

@@ -68,12 +68,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Error {
         if let Some(bt) = self.cause.backtrace() {
             write!(f, "{:?}\n\n{:?}", &self.cause, bt)
         } else {
-            write!(
+            write!(f, "{:?}\n\n{:?}", &self.cause, self.backtrace.as_ref().unwrap())
-                f,
-                "{:?}\n\n{:?}",
-                &self.cause,
-                self.backtrace.as_ref().unwrap()
-            )
         }
     }
 }
@@ -298,17 +293,16 @@ pub enum HttpRangeError {
     /// Returned if first-byte-pos of all of the byte-range-spec
     /// values is greater than the content size.
     /// See `https://github.com/golang/go/commit/aa9b3d7`
-    #[fail(display = "First-byte-pos of all of the byte-range-spec values is greater than the content size")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "First-byte-pos of all of the byte-range-spec values is greater than the content size"
+    )]
     NoOverlap,
 }
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `HttpRangeError`
 impl ResponseError for HttpRangeError {
     fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
-        HttpResponse::with_body(
+        HttpResponse::with_body(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid Range header provided")
-            StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
-            "Invalid Range header provided",
-        )
     }
 }
 

src/extractor.rs

@@ -110,7 +110,9 @@ where
         result(
             de::Deserialize::deserialize(PathDeserializer::new(&req))
                 .map_err(|e| e.into())
-                .map(|inner| Path { inner }),
+                .map(|inner| Path {
+                    inner,
+                }),
         )
     }
 }
@@ -246,12 +248,7 @@ where
 
     #[inline]
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest<S>, cfg: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result {
-        Box::new(
+        Box::new(UrlEncoded::new(req.clone()).limit(cfg.limit).from_err().map(Form))
-            UrlEncoded::new(req.clone())
-                .limit(cfg.limit)
-                .from_err()
-                .map(Form),
-        )
     }
 }
 
@@ -296,7 +293,9 @@ impl FormConfig {
 
 impl Default for FormConfig {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        FormConfig { limit: 262_144 }
+        FormConfig {
+            limit: 262_144,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -337,11 +336,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> FromRequest<S> for Bytes {
             return Either::A(result(Err(e)));
         }
 
-        Either::B(Box::new(
+        Either::B(Box::new(MessageBody::new(req.clone()).limit(cfg.limit).from_err()))
-            MessageBody::new(req.clone())
-                .limit(cfg.limit)
-                .from_err(),
-        ))
     }
 }
 
@@ -387,18 +382,14 @@ impl<S: 'static> FromRequest<S> for String {
         // check charset
         let encoding = match req.encoding() {
             Err(_) => {
-                return Either::A(result(Err(ErrorBadRequest(
+                return Either::A(result(Err(ErrorBadRequest("Unknown request charset"))))
-                    "Unknown request charset",
-                ))))
             }
             Ok(encoding) => encoding,
         };
 
         Either::B(Box::new(
-            MessageBody::new(req.clone())
+            MessageBody::new(req.clone()).limit(cfg.limit).from_err().and_then(
-                .limit(cfg.limit)
+                move |body| {
-                .from_err()
-                .and_then(move |body| {
                     let enc: *const Encoding = encoding as *const Encoding;
                     if enc == UTF_8 {
                         Ok(str::from_utf8(body.as_ref())
@@ -409,7 +400,8 @@ impl<S: 'static> FromRequest<S> for String {
                             .decode(&body, DecoderTrap::Strict)
                             .map_err(|_| ErrorBadRequest("Can not decode body"))?)
                     }
-                }),
+                },
+            ),
         ))
     }
 }
@@ -485,8 +477,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_bytes() {
         let cfg = PayloadConfig::default();
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11").finish();
-        req.payload_mut()
+        req.payload_mut().unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
-            .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
 
         match Bytes::from_request(&req, &cfg).poll().unwrap() {
             Async::Ready(s) => {
@@ -500,8 +491,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_string() {
         let cfg = PayloadConfig::default();
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11").finish();
-        req.payload_mut()
+        req.payload_mut().unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
-            .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
 
         match String::from_request(&req, &cfg).poll().unwrap() {
             Async::Ready(s) => {
@@ -518,8 +508,7 @@ mod tests {
             "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
         ).header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11")
             .finish();
-        req.payload_mut()
+        req.payload_mut().unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
-            .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
 
         let mut cfg = FormConfig::default();
         cfg.limit(4096);
@@ -573,17 +562,11 @@ mod tests {
         let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
         resource.name("index");
         let mut routes = Vec::new();
-        routes.push((
+        routes.push((Resource::new("index", "/{key}/{value}/"), Some(resource)));
-            Resource::new("index", "/{key}/{value}/"),
-            Some(resource),
-        ));
         let (router, _) = Router::new("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
         assert!(router.recognize(&mut req).is_some());
 
-        match Path::<MyStruct>::from_request(&req, &())
+        match Path::<MyStruct>::from_request(&req, &()).poll().unwrap() {
-            .poll()
-            .unwrap()
-        {
             Async::Ready(s) => {
                 assert_eq!(s.key, "name");
                 assert_eq!(s.value, "user1");
@@ -591,10 +574,7 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        match Path::<(String, String)>::from_request(&req, &())
+        match Path::<(String, String)>::from_request(&req, &()).poll().unwrap() {
-            .poll()
-            .unwrap()
-        {
             Async::Ready(s) => {
                 assert_eq!(s.0, "name");
                 assert_eq!(s.1, "user1");
@@ -620,10 +600,7 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        match Path::<(String, u8)>::from_request(&req, &())
+        match Path::<(String, u8)>::from_request(&req, &()).poll().unwrap() {
-            .poll()
-            .unwrap()
-        {
             Async::Ready(s) => {
                 assert_eq!(s.0, "name");
                 assert_eq!(s.1, 32);
@@ -631,15 +608,9 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        match Path::<Vec<String>>::from_request(&req, &())
+        match Path::<Vec<String>>::from_request(&req, &()).poll().unwrap() {
-            .poll()
-            .unwrap()
-        {
             Async::Ready(s) => {
-                assert_eq!(
+                assert_eq!(s.into_inner(), vec!["name".to_owned(), "32".to_owned()]);
-                    s.into_inner(),
-                    vec!["name".to_owned(), "32".to_owned()]
-                );
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }

src/fs.rs

@@ -202,15 +202,12 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
         if self.status_code != StatusCode::OK {
             let mut resp = HttpResponse::build(self.status_code);
             resp.if_some(self.path().extension(), |ext, resp| {
-                resp.set(header::ContentType(get_mime_type(
+                resp.set(header::ContentType(get_mime_type(&ext.to_string_lossy())));
-                    &ext.to_string_lossy(),
-                )));
             });
             let reader = ChunkedReadFile {
                 size: self.md.len(),
                 offset: 0,
-                cpu_pool: self.cpu_pool
+                cpu_pool: self.cpu_pool.unwrap_or_else(|| req.cpu_pool().clone()),
-                    .unwrap_or_else(|| req.cpu_pool().clone()),
                 file: Some(self.file),
                 fut: None,
             };
@@ -253,9 +250,7 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
         let mut resp = HttpResponse::build(self.status_code);
 
         resp.if_some(self.path().extension(), |ext, resp| {
-            resp.set(header::ContentType(get_mime_type(
+            resp.set(header::ContentType(get_mime_type(&ext.to_string_lossy())));
-                &ext.to_string_lossy(),
-            )));
         }).if_some(last_modified, |lm, resp| {
                 resp.set(header::LastModified(lm));
             })
@@ -275,8 +270,7 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
             let reader = ChunkedReadFile {
                 size: self.md.len(),
                 offset: 0,
-                cpu_pool: self.cpu_pool
+                cpu_pool: self.cpu_pool.unwrap_or_else(|| req.cpu_pool().clone()),
-                    .unwrap_or_else(|| req.cpu_pool().clone()),
                 file: Some(self.file),
                 fut: None,
             };
@@ -344,7 +338,10 @@ pub struct Directory {
 
 impl Directory {
     pub fn new(base: PathBuf, path: PathBuf) -> Directory {
-        Directory { base, path }
+        Directory {
+            base,
+            path,
+        }
     }
 
     fn can_list(&self, entry: &io::Result<DirEntry>) -> bool {
@@ -414,9 +411,7 @@ impl Responder for Directory {
              </ul></body>\n</html>",
             index_of, index_of, body
         );
-        Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()
+        Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().content_type("text/html; charset=utf-8").body(html))
-            .content_type("text/html; charset=utf-8")
-            .body(html))
     }
 }
 
@@ -541,9 +536,8 @@ impl<S: 'static> Handler<S> for StaticFiles<S> {
         if !self.accessible {
             Ok(self.default.handle(req))
         } else {
-            let relpath = match req.match_info()
+            let relpath =
-                .get("tail")
+                match req.match_info().get("tail").map(|tail| PathBuf::from_param(tail))
-                .map(|tail| PathBuf::from_param(tail))
                 {
                     Some(Ok(path)) => path,
                     _ => return Ok(self.default.handle(req)),
@@ -597,9 +591,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_named_file() {
         assert!(NamedFile::open("test--").is_err());
-        let mut file = NamedFile::open("Cargo.toml")
+        let mut file =
-            .unwrap()
+            NamedFile::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap().set_cpu_pool(CpuPool::new(1));
-            .set_cpu_pool(CpuPool::new(1));
         {
             file.file();
             let _f: &File = &file;
@@ -609,10 +602,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
 
         let resp = file.respond_to(HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(), "text/x-toml")
-            resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            "text/x-toml"
-        )
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -630,10 +620,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
 
         let resp = file.respond_to(HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(), "text/x-toml");
-            resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            "text/x-toml"
-        );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
 
@@ -676,9 +663,7 @@ mod tests {
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "");
 
         st.show_index = true;
-        let resp = st.handle(req)
+        let resp = st.handle(req).respond_to(HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
-            .unwrap();
         let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
@@ -694,28 +679,18 @@ mod tests {
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "tests");
 
-        let resp = st.handle(req)
+        let resp = st.handle(req).respond_to(HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
-            .unwrap();
         let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap(), "/tests/index.html");
-            resp.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap(),
-            "/tests/index.html"
-        );
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "tests/");
 
-        let resp = st.handle(req)
+        let resp = st.handle(req).respond_to(HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
-            .unwrap();
         let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap(), "/tests/index.html");
-            resp.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap(),
-            "/tests/index.html"
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -724,9 +699,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "tools/wsload");
 
-        let resp = st.handle(req)
+        let resp = st.handle(req).respond_to(HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
-            .unwrap();
         let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
         assert_eq!(
@@ -746,23 +719,13 @@ mod tests {
         let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/public")).finish().unwrap();
         let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
-        let loc = response
+        let loc = response.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
-            .headers()
-            .get(header::LOCATION)
-            .unwrap()
-            .to_str()
-            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(loc, "/public/Cargo.toml");
 
         let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/public/")).finish().unwrap();
         let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
-        let loc = response
+        let loc = response.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
-            .headers()
-            .get(header::LOCATION)
-            .unwrap()
-            .to_str()
-            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(loc, "/public/Cargo.toml");
     }
 
@@ -775,23 +738,13 @@ mod tests {
         let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
         let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
-        let loc = response
+        let loc = response.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
-            .headers()
-            .get(header::LOCATION)
-            .unwrap()
-            .to_str()
-            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(loc, "/test/Cargo.toml");
 
         let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test/")).finish().unwrap();
         let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
-        let loc = response
+        let loc = response.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
-            .headers()
-            .get(header::LOCATION)
-            .unwrap()
-            .to_str()
-            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(loc, "/test/Cargo.toml");
     }
 
@@ -801,10 +754,7 @@ mod tests {
             App::new().handler("test", StaticFiles::new(".").index_file("Cargo.toml"))
         });
 
-        let request = srv.get()
+        let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test/%43argo.toml")).finish().unwrap();
-            .uri(srv.url("/test/%43argo.toml"))
-            .finish()
-            .unwrap();
         let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
     }

src/handler.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use futures::Poll;
 use futures::future::{err, ok, Future, FutureResult};
+use futures::Poll;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
@@ -296,8 +296,7 @@ where
 
     #[inline]
     fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Reply, Error> {
-        let fut = self.map_err(|e| e.into())
+        let fut = self.map_err(|e| e.into()).then(move |r| match r.respond_to(req) {
-            .then(move |r| match r.respond_to(req) {
             Ok(reply) => match reply.into().0 {
                 ReplyItem::Message(resp) => ok(resp),
                 _ => panic!("Nested async replies are not supported"),

src/header/shared/entity.rs

@@ -57,7 +57,10 @@ impl EntityTag {
     /// If the tag contains invalid characters.
     pub fn new(weak: bool, tag: String) -> EntityTag {
         assert!(check_slice_validity(&tag), "Invalid tag: {:?}", tag);
-        EntityTag { weak, tag }
+        EntityTag {
+            weak,
+            tag,
+        }
     }
 
     /// Constructs a new weak EntityTag.
@@ -196,11 +199,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_etag_parse_failures() {
         // Expected failures
         assert!("no-dquotes".parse::<EntityTag>().is_err());
-        assert!(
+        assert!("w/\"the-first-w-is-case-sensitive\"".parse::<EntityTag>().is_err());
-            "w/\"the-first-w-is-case-sensitive\""
-                .parse::<EntityTag>()
-                .is_err()
-        );
         assert!("".parse::<EntityTag>().is_err());
         assert!("\"unmatched-dquotes1".parse::<EntityTag>().is_err());
         assert!("unmatched-dquotes2\"".parse::<EntityTag>().is_err());
@@ -209,26 +208,14 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_etag_fmt() {
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(format!("{}", EntityTag::strong("foobar".to_owned())), "\"foobar\"");
-            format!("{}", EntityTag::strong("foobar".to_owned())),
+        assert_eq!(format!("{}", EntityTag::strong("".to_owned())), "\"\"");
-            "\"foobar\""
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            format!("{}", EntityTag::strong("".to_owned())),
-            "\"\""
-        );
         assert_eq!(
             format!("{}", EntityTag::weak("weak-etag".to_owned())),
             "W/\"weak-etag\""
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(format!("{}", EntityTag::weak("\u{0065}".to_owned())), "W/\"\x65\"");
-            format!("{}", EntityTag::weak("\u{0065}".to_owned())),
+        assert_eq!(format!("{}", EntityTag::weak("".to_owned())), "W/\"\"");
-            "W/\"\x65\""
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            format!("{}", EntityTag::weak("".to_owned())),
-            "W/\"\""
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]

src/header/shared/httpdate.rs

@@ -64,11 +64,7 @@ impl IntoHeaderValue for HttpDate {
     fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
         let mut wrt = BytesMut::with_capacity(29).writer();
         write!(wrt, "{}", self.0.rfc822()).unwrap();
-        unsafe {
+        unsafe { Ok(HeaderValue::from_shared_unchecked(wrt.get_mut().take().freeze())) }
-            Ok(HeaderValue::from_shared_unchecked(
-                wrt.get_mut().take().freeze(),
-            ))
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -104,24 +100,12 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_date() {
+        assert_eq!("Sun, 07 Nov 1994 08:48:37 GMT".parse::<HttpDate>().unwrap(), NOV_07);
         assert_eq!(
-            "Sun, 07 Nov 1994 08:48:37 GMT"
+            "Sunday, 07-Nov-94 08:48:37 GMT".parse::<HttpDate>().unwrap(),
-                .parse::<HttpDate>()
-                .unwrap(),
-            NOV_07
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            "Sunday, 07-Nov-94 08:48:37 GMT"
-                .parse::<HttpDate>()
-                .unwrap(),
-            NOV_07
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            "Sun Nov  7 08:48:37 1994"
-                .parse::<HttpDate>()
-                .unwrap(),
             NOV_07
         );
+        assert_eq!("Sun Nov  7 08:48:37 1994".parse::<HttpDate>().unwrap(), NOV_07);
         assert!("this-is-no-date".parse::<HttpDate>().is_err());
     }
 }

src/header/shared/quality_item.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ impl<T> QualityItem<T> {
     /// The item can be of any type.
     /// The quality should be a value in the range [0, 1].
     pub fn new(item: T, quality: Quality) -> QualityItem<T> {
-        QualityItem { item, quality }
+        QualityItem {
+            item,
+            quality,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -63,11 +66,7 @@ impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for QualityItem<T> {
         match self.quality.0 {
             1000 => Ok(()),
             0 => f.write_str("; q=0"),
-            x => write!(
+            x => write!(f, "; q=0.{}", format!("{:03}", x).trim_right_matches('0')),
-                f,
-                "; q=0.{}",
-                format!("{:03}", x).trim_right_matches('0')
-            ),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -120,10 +119,7 @@ fn from_f32(f: f32) -> Quality {
     // this function is only used internally. A check that `f` is within range
     // should be done before calling this method. Just in case, this
     // debug_assert should catch if we were forgetful
-    debug_assert!(
+    debug_assert!(f >= 0f32 && f <= 1f32, "q value must be between 0.0 and 1.0");
-        f >= 0f32 && f <= 1f32,
-        "q value must be between 0.0 and 1.0"
-    );
     Quality((f * 1000f32) as u16)
 }
 
@@ -156,10 +152,7 @@ mod internal {
 
     impl IntoQuality for f32 {
         fn into_quality(self) -> Quality {
-            assert!(
+            assert!(self >= 0f32 && self <= 1f32, "float must be between 0.0 and 1.0");
-                self >= 0f32 && self <= 1f32,
-                "float must be between 0.0 and 1.0"
-            );
             super::from_f32(self)
         }
     }
@@ -295,10 +288,6 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_fuzzing_bugs() {
         assert!("99999;".parse::<QualityItem<String>>().is_err());
-        assert!(
+        assert!("\x0d;;;=\u{d6aa}==".parse::<QualityItem<String>>().is_err())
-            "\x0d;;;=\u{d6aa}=="
-                .parse::<QualityItem<String>>()
-                .is_err()
-        )
     }
 }

src/helpers.rs

@@ -190,16 +190,8 @@ mod tests {
         // trailing slashes
         let params = vec![
             ("/resource1", "", StatusCode::OK),
-            (
+            ("/resource1/", "/resource1", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource1/",
+            ("/resource2", "/resource2/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource1",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "/resource2",
-                "/resource2/",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
             ("/resource2/", "", StatusCode::OK),
             ("/resource1?p1=1&p2=2", "", StatusCode::OK),
             (
@@ -222,11 +214,7 @@ mod tests {
             if !target.is_empty() {
                 assert_eq!(
                     target,
-                    r.headers()
+                    r.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap().to_str().unwrap()
-                        .get(header::LOCATION)
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .to_str()
-                        .unwrap()
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -238,11 +226,7 @@ mod tests {
             .resource("/resource1", |r| r.method(Method::GET).f(index))
             .resource("/resource2/", |r| r.method(Method::GET).f(index))
             .default_resource(|r| {
-                r.h(NormalizePath::new(
+                r.h(NormalizePath::new(false, true, StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY))
-                    false,
-                    true,
-                    StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-                ))
             })
             .finish();
 
@@ -276,46 +260,14 @@ mod tests {
         // trailing slashes
         let params = vec![
             ("/resource1/a/b", "", StatusCode::OK),
-            (
+            ("/resource1/", "/resource1", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource1/",
+            ("/resource1//", "/resource1", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource1",
+            ("//resource1//a//b", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
+            ("//resource1//a//b/", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-            ),
+            ("//resource1//a//b//", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-            (
+            ("///resource1//a//b", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource1//",
+            ("/////resource1/a///b", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource1",
+            ("/////resource1/a//b/", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "//resource1//a//b",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "//resource1//a//b/",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "//resource1//a//b//",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "///resource1//a//b",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "/////resource1/a///b",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "/////resource1/a//b/",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
             ("/resource1/a/b?p=1", "", StatusCode::OK),
             (
                 "//resource1//a//b?p=1",
@@ -356,11 +308,7 @@ mod tests {
             if !target.is_empty() {
                 assert_eq!(
                     target,
-                    r.headers()
+                    r.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap().to_str().unwrap()
-                        .get(header::LOCATION)
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .to_str()
-                        .unwrap()
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -379,88 +327,24 @@ mod tests {
         // trailing slashes
         let params = vec![
             ("/resource1/a/b", "", StatusCode::OK),
-            (
+            ("/resource1/a/b/", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource1/a/b/",
+            ("//resource2//a//b", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource1/a/b",
+            ("//resource2//a//b/", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
+            ("//resource2//a//b//", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-            ),
+            ("///resource1//a//b", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-            (
+            ("///resource1//a//b/", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "//resource2//a//b",
+            ("/////resource1/a///b", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
+            ("/////resource1/a///b/", "/resource1/a/b", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
+            ("/resource2/a/b", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-            ),
-            (
-                "//resource2//a//b/",
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "//resource2//a//b//",
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "///resource1//a//b",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "///resource1//a//b/",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "/////resource1/a///b",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "/////resource1/a///b/",
-                "/resource1/a/b",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "/resource2/a/b",
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
             ("/resource2/a/b/", "", StatusCode::OK),
-            (
+            ("//resource2//a//b", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "//resource2//a//b",
+            ("//resource2//a//b/", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
+            ("///resource2//a//b", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
+            ("///resource2//a//b/", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-            ),
+            ("/////resource2/a///b", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-            (
+            ("/////resource2/a///b/", "/resource2/a/b/", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "//resource2//a//b/",
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "///resource2//a//b",
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "///resource2//a//b/",
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "/////resource2/a///b",
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
-            (
-                "/////resource2/a///b/",
-                "/resource2/a/b/",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
             ("/resource1/a/b?p=1", "", StatusCode::OK),
-            (
+            ("/resource1/a/b/?p=1", "/resource1/a/b?p=1", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource1/a/b/?p=1",
-                "/resource1/a/b?p=1",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
             (
                 "//resource2//a//b?p=1",
                 "/resource2/a/b/?p=1",
@@ -496,11 +380,7 @@ mod tests {
                 "/resource1/a/b?p=1",
                 StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
             ),
-            (
+            ("/resource2/a/b?p=1", "/resource2/a/b/?p=1", StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY),
-                "/resource2/a/b?p=1",
-                "/resource2/a/b/?p=1",
-                StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
-            ),
             (
                 "//resource2//a//b?p=1",
                 "/resource2/a/b/?p=1",
@@ -540,11 +420,7 @@ mod tests {
             if !target.is_empty() {
                 assert_eq!(
                     target,
-                    r.headers()
+                    r.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap().to_str().unwrap()
-                        .get(header::LOCATION)
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .to_str()
-                        .unwrap()
                 );
             }
         }

src/httpcodes.rs

@@ -14,32 +14,37 @@ pub const HttpOk: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::OK);
 pub const HttpCreated: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::CREATED);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Accepted()` instead")]
 pub const HttpAccepted: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::ACCEPTED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::pNonAuthoritativeInformation()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0",
+    note = "please use `HttpResponse::pNonAuthoritativeInformation()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpNonAuthoritativeInformation: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::NoContent()` instead")]
 pub const HttpNoContent: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::NO_CONTENT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::ResetContent()` instead")]
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::ResetContent()` instead")]
 pub const HttpResetContent: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::RESET_CONTENT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PartialContent()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::PartialContent()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpPartialContent: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::PARTIAL_CONTENT);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::MultiStatus()` instead")]
 pub const HttpMultiStatus: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::MULTI_STATUS);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::AlreadyReported()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::AlreadyReported()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpAlreadyReported: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::ALREADY_REPORTED);
 
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::MultipleChoices()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::MultipleChoices()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpMultipleChoices: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::MULTIPLE_CHOICES);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::MovedPermanently()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::MovedPermanently()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpMovedPermanently: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Found()` instead")]
@@ -50,106 +55,125 @@ pub const HttpSeeOther: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::SEE_OTHER);
 pub const HttpNotModified: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::UseProxy()` instead")]
 pub const HttpUseProxy: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::USE_PROXY);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::TemporaryRedirect()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::TemporaryRedirect()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpTemporaryRedirect: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::TEMPORARY_REDIRECT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PermanentRedirect()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::PermanentRedirect()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpPermanentRedirect: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::PERMANENT_REDIRECT);
 
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::BadRequest()` instead")]
 pub const HttpBadRequest: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Unauthorized()` instead")]
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::Unauthorized()` instead")]
 pub const HttpUnauthorized: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PaymentRequired()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::PaymentRequired()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpPaymentRequired: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::PAYMENT_REQUIRED);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Forbidden()` instead")]
 pub const HttpForbidden: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::NotFound()` instead")]
 pub const HttpNotFound: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpMethodNotAllowed: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::NotAcceptable()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::NotAcceptable()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpNotAcceptable: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::ProxyAuthenticationRequired()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0",
+    note = "please use `HttpResponse::ProxyAuthenticationRequired()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpProxyAuthenticationRequired: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::RequestTimeout()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::RequestTimeout()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpRequestTimeout: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Conflict()` instead")]
 pub const HttpConflict: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::CONFLICT);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Gone()` instead")]
 pub const HttpGone: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::GONE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::LengthRequired()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::LengthRequired()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpLengthRequired: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::LENGTH_REQUIRED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PreconditionFailed()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::PreconditionFailed()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpPreconditionFailed: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PayloadTooLarge()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::PayloadTooLarge()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpPayloadTooLarge: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::UriTooLong()` instead")]
 pub const HttpUriTooLong: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::URI_TOO_LONG);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::UnsupportedMediaType()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::UnsupportedMediaType()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpUnsupportedMediaType: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::RangeNotSatisfiable()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::RangeNotSatisfiable()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpRangeNotSatisfiable: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::ExpectationFailed()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::ExpectationFailed()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpExpectationFailed: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::EXPECTATION_FAILED);
 
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::InternalServerError()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::InternalServerError()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpInternalServerError: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::NotImplemented()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::NotImplemented()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpNotImplemented: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::BadGateway()` instead")]
 pub const HttpBadGateway: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::ServiceUnavailable()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::ServiceUnavailable()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpServiceUnavailable: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::GatewayTimeout()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::GatewayTimeout()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpGatewayTimeout: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::VersionNotSupported()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::VersionNotSupported()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpVersionNotSupported: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::VariantAlsoNegotiates()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::VariantAlsoNegotiates()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpVariantAlsoNegotiates: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::InsufficientStorage()` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::InsufficientStorage()` instead"
+)]
 pub const HttpInsufficientStorage: StaticResponse =
     StaticResponse(StatusCode::INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
+#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::LoopDetected()` instead")]
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::LoopDetected()` instead")]
 pub const HttpLoopDetected: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::LOOP_DETECTED);
 
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse` instead")]
@@ -221,10 +245,7 @@ impl HttpResponse {
     STATIC_RESP!(Ok, StatusCode::OK);
     STATIC_RESP!(Created, StatusCode::CREATED);
     STATIC_RESP!(Accepted, StatusCode::ACCEPTED);
-    STATIC_RESP!(
+    STATIC_RESP!(NonAuthoritativeInformation, StatusCode::NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION);
-        NonAuthoritativeInformation,
-        StatusCode::NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION
-    );
 
     STATIC_RESP!(NoContent, StatusCode::NO_CONTENT);
     STATIC_RESP!(ResetContent, StatusCode::RESET_CONTENT);
@@ -249,10 +270,7 @@ impl HttpResponse {
     STATIC_RESP!(Forbidden, StatusCode::FORBIDDEN);
     STATIC_RESP!(MethodNotAllowed, StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
     STATIC_RESP!(NotAcceptable, StatusCode::NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
-    STATIC_RESP!(
+    STATIC_RESP!(ProxyAuthenticationRequired, StatusCode::PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED);
-        ProxyAuthenticationRequired,
-        StatusCode::PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED
-    );
     STATIC_RESP!(RequestTimeout, StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT);
     STATIC_RESP!(Conflict, StatusCode::CONFLICT);
     STATIC_RESP!(Gone, StatusCode::GONE);
@@ -260,10 +278,7 @@ impl HttpResponse {
     STATIC_RESP!(PreconditionFailed, StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED);
     STATIC_RESP!(PayloadTooLarge, StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE);
     STATIC_RESP!(UriTooLong, StatusCode::URI_TOO_LONG);
-    STATIC_RESP!(
+    STATIC_RESP!(UnsupportedMediaType, StatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE);
-        UnsupportedMediaType,
-        StatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE
-    );
     STATIC_RESP!(RangeNotSatisfiable, StatusCode::RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE);
     STATIC_RESP!(ExpectationFailed, StatusCode::EXPECTATION_FAILED);
 
@@ -272,14 +287,8 @@ impl HttpResponse {
     STATIC_RESP!(BadGateway, StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY);
     STATIC_RESP!(ServiceUnavailable, StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE);
     STATIC_RESP!(GatewayTimeout, StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT);
-    STATIC_RESP!(
+    STATIC_RESP!(VersionNotSupported, StatusCode::HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
-        VersionNotSupported,
+    STATIC_RESP!(VariantAlsoNegotiates, StatusCode::VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES);
-        StatusCode::HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED
-    );
-    STATIC_RESP!(
-        VariantAlsoNegotiates,
-        StatusCode::VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES
-    );
     STATIC_RESP!(InsufficientStorage, StatusCode::INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE);
     STATIC_RESP!(LoopDetected, StatusCode::LOOP_DETECTED);
 }

src/httpmessage.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
-use encoding::EncodingRef;
 use encoding::all::UTF_8;
 use encoding::label::encoding_from_whatwg_label;
 use encoding::types::{DecoderTrap, Encoding};
+use encoding::EncodingRef;
 use futures::{Future, Poll, Stream};
 use http::{header, HeaderMap};
 use http_range::HttpRange;
@@ -96,10 +96,8 @@ pub trait HttpMessage {
     /// `size` is full size of response (file).
     fn range(&self, size: u64) -> Result<Vec<HttpRange>, HttpRangeError> {
         if let Some(range) = self.headers().get(header::RANGE) {
-            HttpRange::parse(
+            HttpRange::parse(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(range.as_bytes()) }, size)
-                unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(range.as_bytes()) },
+                .map_err(|e| e.into())
-                size,
-            ).map_err(|e| e.into())
         } else {
             Ok(Vec::new())
         }
@@ -325,10 +323,7 @@ where
             ));
         }
 
-        self.fut
+        self.fut.as_mut().expect("UrlEncoded could not be used second time").poll()
-            .as_mut()
-            .expect("UrlEncoded could not be used second time")
-            .poll()
     }
 }
 
@@ -385,8 +380,7 @@ where
             if req.content_type().to_lowercase() != "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" {
                 return Err(UrlencodedError::ContentType);
             }
-            let encoding = req.encoding()
+            let encoding = req.encoding().map_err(|_| UrlencodedError::ContentType)?;
-                .map_err(|_| UrlencodedError::ContentType)?;
 
             // future
             let limit = self.limit;
@@ -415,18 +409,15 @@ where
             self.fut = Some(Box::new(fut));
         }
 
-        self.fut
+        self.fut.as_mut().expect("UrlEncoded could not be used second time").poll()
-            .as_mut()
-            .expect("UrlEncoded could not be used second time")
-            .poll()
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use encoding::Encoding;
     use encoding::all::ISO_8859_2;
+    use encoding::Encoding;
     use futures::Async;
     use http::{Method, Uri, Version};
     use httprequest::HttpRequest;
@@ -488,19 +479,13 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_encoding_error() {
         let req = TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "applicatjson").finish();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(Some(ContentTypeError::ParseError), req.encoding().err());
-            Some(ContentTypeError::ParseError),
-            req.encoding().err()
-        );
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_header(
             "content-type",
             "application/json; charset=kkkttktk",
         ).finish();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(Some(ContentTypeError::UnknownEncoding), req.encoding().err());
-            Some(ContentTypeError::UnknownEncoding),
-            req.encoding().err()
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -621,8 +606,7 @@ mod tests {
             "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
         ).header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11")
             .finish();
-        req.payload_mut()
+        req.payload_mut().unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
-            .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
 
         let result = req.urlencoded::<Info>().poll().ok().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -637,8 +621,7 @@ mod tests {
             "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8",
         ).header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11")
             .finish();
-        req.payload_mut()
+        req.payload_mut().unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
-            .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
 
         let result = req.urlencoded().poll().ok().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -664,16 +647,14 @@ mod tests {
         }
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
-        req.payload_mut()
+        req.payload_mut().unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"test"));
-            .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"test"));
         match req.body().poll().ok().unwrap() {
             Async::Ready(bytes) => assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"test")),
             _ => unreachable!("error"),
         }
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
-        req.payload_mut()
+        req.payload_mut().unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"11111111111111"));
-            .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"11111111111111"));
         match req.body().limit(5).poll().err().unwrap() {
             PayloadError::Overflow => (),
             _ => unreachable!("error"),

src/httprequest.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 //! HTTP Request message related code.
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(transmute_ptr_to_ptr))]
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use cookie::Cookie;
 use failure;
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn url_for<U, I>(
-        &self, name: &str, elements: U
+        &self, name: &str, elements: U,
     ) -> Result<Url, UrlGenerationError>
     where
         U: IntoIterator<Item = I>,
@@ -326,12 +327,7 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
             let path = self.router().unwrap().resource_path(name, elements)?;
             if path.starts_with('/') {
                 let conn = self.connection_info();
-                Ok(Url::parse(&format!(
+                Ok(Url::parse(&format!("{}://{}{}", conn.scheme(), conn.host(), path))?)
-                    "{}://{}{}",
-                    conn.scheme(),
-                    conn.host(),
-                    path
-                ))?)
             } else {
                 Ok(Url::parse(&path)?)
             }
@@ -681,12 +677,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
         resource.name("index");
-        let routes = vec![
+        let routes =
-            (
+            vec![(Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.{ext}"), Some(resource))];
-                Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.{ext}"),
-                Some(resource),
-            ),
-        ];
         let (router, _) = Router::new("/", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
         assert!(router.has_route("/user/test.html"));
         assert!(!router.has_route("/test/unknown"));
@@ -715,12 +707,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
         resource.name("index");
-        let routes = vec![
+        let routes =
-            (
+            vec![(Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.{ext}"), Some(resource))];
-                Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.{ext}"),
-                Some(resource),
-            ),
-        ];
         let (router, _) = Router::new("/prefix/", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
         assert!(router.has_route("/user/test.html"));
         assert!(!router.has_route("/prefix/user/test.html"));
@@ -739,20 +727,15 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
         resource.name("index");
-        let routes = vec![
+        let routes = vec![(
-            (
             Resource::external("youtube", "https://youtube.com/watch/{video_id}"),
             None,
-            ),
+        )];
-        ];
         let (router, _) = Router::new::<()>("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
         assert!(!router.has_route("https://youtube.com/watch/unknown"));
 
         let req = req.with_state(Rc::new(()), router);
         let url = req.url_for("youtube", &["oHg5SJYRHA0"]);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(url.ok().unwrap().as_str(), "https://youtube.com/watch/oHg5SJYRHA0");
-            url.ok().unwrap().as_str(),
-            "https://youtube.com/watch/oHg5SJYRHA0"
-        );
     }
 }

src/httpresponse.rs

@@ -150,10 +150,7 @@ impl HttpResponse {
         if let Some(reason) = self.get_ref().reason {
             reason
         } else {
-            self.get_ref()
+            self.get_ref().status.canonical_reason().unwrap_or("<unknown status code>")
-                .status
-                .canonical_reason()
-                .unwrap_or("<unknown status code>")
         }
     }
 
@@ -466,10 +463,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
             jar.add(cookie.into_owned());
             self.cookies = Some(jar)
         } else {
-            self.cookies
+            self.cookies.as_mut().unwrap().add(cookie.into_owned());
-                .as_mut()
-                .unwrap()
-                .add(cookie.into_owned());
         }
         self
     }
@@ -534,9 +528,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
         if let Some(e) = self.err.take() {
             return Error::from(e).into();
         }
-        let mut response = self.response
+        let mut response = self.response.take().expect("cannot reuse response builder");
-            .take()
-            .expect("cannot reuse response builder");
         if let Some(ref jar) = self.cookies {
             for cookie in jar.delta() {
                 match HeaderValue::from_str(&cookie.to_string()) {
@@ -558,9 +550,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
         S: Stream<Item = Bytes, Error = E> + 'static,
         E: Into<Error>,
     {
-        self.body(Body::Streaming(Box::new(
+        self.body(Body::Streaming(Box::new(stream.map_err(|e| e.into()))))
-            stream.map_err(|e| e.into()),
-        )))
     }
 
     /// Set a json body and generate `HttpResponse`
@@ -607,7 +597,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
 #[inline]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(borrowed_box))]
 fn parts<'a>(
-    parts: &'a mut Option<Box<InnerHttpResponse>>, err: &Option<HttpError>
+    parts: &'a mut Option<Box<InnerHttpResponse>>, err: &Option<HttpError>,
 ) -> Option<&'a mut Box<InnerHttpResponse>> {
     if err.is_some() {
         return None;
@@ -643,9 +633,7 @@ impl Responder for HttpResponseBuilder {
 
 impl From<&'static str> for HttpResponse {
     fn from(val: &'static str) -> Self {
-        HttpResponse::Ok()
+        HttpResponse::Ok().content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8").body(val)
-            .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
-            .body(val)
     }
 }
 
@@ -662,9 +650,7 @@ impl Responder for &'static str {
 
 impl From<&'static [u8]> for HttpResponse {
     fn from(val: &'static [u8]) -> Self {
-        HttpResponse::Ok()
+        HttpResponse::Ok().content_type("application/octet-stream").body(val)
-            .content_type("application/octet-stream")
-            .body(val)
     }
 }
 
@@ -681,9 +667,7 @@ impl Responder for &'static [u8] {
 
 impl From<String> for HttpResponse {
     fn from(val: String) -> Self {
-        HttpResponse::Ok()
+        HttpResponse::Ok().content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8").body(val)
-            .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
-            .body(val)
     }
 }
 
@@ -719,9 +703,7 @@ impl<'a> Responder for &'a String {
 
 impl From<Bytes> for HttpResponse {
     fn from(val: Bytes) -> Self {
-        HttpResponse::Ok()
+        HttpResponse::Ok().content_type("application/octet-stream").body(val)
-            .content_type("application/octet-stream")
-            .body(val)
     }
 }
 
@@ -738,9 +720,7 @@ impl Responder for Bytes {
 
 impl From<BytesMut> for HttpResponse {
     fn from(val: BytesMut) -> Self {
-        HttpResponse::Ok()
+        HttpResponse::Ok().content_type("application/octet-stream").body(val)
-            .content_type("application/octet-stream")
-            .body(val)
     }
 }
 
@@ -772,9 +752,7 @@ impl<'a> From<&'a ClientResponse> for HttpResponseBuilder {
 impl<'a, S> From<&'a HttpRequest<S>> for HttpResponseBuilder {
     fn from(req: &'a HttpRequest<S>) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
         if let Some(router) = req.router() {
-            router
+            router.server_settings().get_response_builder(StatusCode::OK)
-                .server_settings()
-                .get_response_builder(StatusCode::OK)
         } else {
             HttpResponse::Ok()
         }
@@ -822,14 +800,12 @@ thread_local!(static POOL: Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>> = HttpResponsePool::
 
 impl HttpResponsePool {
     pub fn pool() -> Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>> {
-        Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(HttpResponsePool(
+        Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(HttpResponsePool(VecDeque::with_capacity(128))))
-            VecDeque::with_capacity(128),
-        )))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn get_builder(
-        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, status: StatusCode
+        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, status: StatusCode,
     ) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
         let p = unsafe { &mut *pool.as_ref().get() };
         if let Some(mut msg) = p.0.pop_front() {
@@ -853,7 +829,7 @@ impl HttpResponsePool {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn get_response(
-        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, status: StatusCode, body: Body
+        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, status: StatusCode, body: Body,
     ) -> HttpResponse {
         let p = unsafe { &mut *pool.as_ref().get() };
         if let Some(mut msg) = p.0.pop_front() {
@@ -879,7 +855,7 @@ impl HttpResponsePool {
     #[inline(always)]
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(boxed_local, inline_always))]
     fn release(
-        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, mut inner: Box<InnerHttpResponse>
+        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, mut inner: Box<InnerHttpResponse>,
     ) {
         let pool = unsafe { &mut *pool.as_ref().get() };
         if pool.0.len() < 128 {
@@ -975,9 +951,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_force_close() {
-        let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
+        let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK).force_close().finish();
-            .force_close()
-            .finish();
         assert!(!resp.keep_alive().unwrap())
     }
 
@@ -986,10 +960,7 @@ mod tests {
         let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
             .content_type("text/plain")
             .body(Body::Empty);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(), "text/plain")
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            "text/plain"
-        )
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1073,10 +1044,7 @@ mod tests {
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.body().binary().unwrap(), &Binary::from(b"test".as_ref()));
-            resp.body().binary().unwrap(),
-            &Binary::from(b"test".as_ref())
-        );
 
         let resp: HttpResponse = b"test".as_ref().respond_to(req.clone()).ok().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
@@ -1085,10 +1053,7 @@ mod tests {
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.body().binary().unwrap(), &Binary::from(b"test".as_ref()));
-            resp.body().binary().unwrap(),
-            &Binary::from(b"test".as_ref())
-        );
 
         let resp: HttpResponse = "test".to_owned().into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
@@ -1097,26 +1062,16 @@ mod tests {
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.body().binary().unwrap(), &Binary::from("test".to_owned()));
-            resp.body().binary().unwrap(),
-            &Binary::from("test".to_owned())
-        );
 
-        let resp: HttpResponse = "test"
+        let resp: HttpResponse = "test".to_owned().respond_to(req.clone()).ok().unwrap();
-            .to_owned()
-            .respond_to(req.clone())
-            .ok()
-            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.body().binary().unwrap(), &Binary::from("test".to_owned()));
-            resp.body().binary().unwrap(),
-            &Binary::from("test".to_owned())
-        );
 
         let resp: HttpResponse = (&"test".to_owned()).into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
@@ -1125,25 +1080,17 @@ mod tests {
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.body().binary().unwrap(), &Binary::from(&"test".to_owned()));
-            resp.body().binary().unwrap(),
-            &Binary::from(&"test".to_owned())
-        );
 
-        let resp: HttpResponse = (&"test".to_owned())
+        let resp: HttpResponse =
-            .respond_to(req.clone())
+            (&"test".to_owned()).respond_to(req.clone()).ok().unwrap();
-            .ok()
-            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.body().binary().unwrap(), &Binary::from(&"test".to_owned()));
-            resp.body().binary().unwrap(),
-            &Binary::from(&"test".to_owned())
-        );
 
         let b = Bytes::from_static(b"test");
         let resp: HttpResponse = b.into();
@@ -1179,10 +1126,7 @@ mod tests {
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.body().binary().unwrap(), &Binary::from(BytesMut::from("test")));
-            resp.body().binary().unwrap(),
-            &Binary::from(BytesMut::from("test"))
-        );
 
         let b = BytesMut::from("test");
         let resp: HttpResponse = b.respond_to(req.clone()).ok().unwrap();
@@ -1192,10 +1136,7 @@ mod tests {
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.body().binary().unwrap(), &Binary::from(BytesMut::from("test")));
-            resp.body().binary().unwrap(),
-            &Binary::from(BytesMut::from("test"))
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]

src/info.rs

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ impl<'a> ConnectionInfo<'a> {
 
         // scheme
         if scheme.is_none() {
-            if let Some(h) = req.headers()
+            if let Some(h) =
-                .get(HeaderName::from_str(X_FORWARDED_PROTO).unwrap())
+                req.headers().get(HeaderName::from_str(X_FORWARDED_PROTO).unwrap())
             {
                 if let Ok(h) = h.to_str() {
                     scheme = h.split(',').next().map(|v| v.trim());
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ impl<'a> ConnectionInfo<'a> {
 
         // host
         if host.is_none() {
-            if let Some(h) = req.headers()
+            if let Some(h) =
-                .get(HeaderName::from_str(X_FORWARDED_HOST).unwrap())
+                req.headers().get(HeaderName::from_str(X_FORWARDED_HOST).unwrap())
             {
                 if let Ok(h) = h.to_str() {
                     host = h.split(',').next().map(|v| v.trim());
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ impl<'a> ConnectionInfo<'a> {
 
         // remote addr
         if remote.is_none() {
-            if let Some(h) = req.headers()
+            if let Some(h) =
-                .get(HeaderName::from_str(X_FORWARDED_FOR).unwrap())
+                req.headers().get(HeaderName::from_str(X_FORWARDED_FOR).unwrap())
             {
                 if let Ok(h) = h.to_str() {
                     remote = h.split(',').next().map(|v| v.trim());
@@ -189,10 +189,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(info.remote(), Some("192.0.2.60"));
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
-        req.headers_mut().insert(
+        req.headers_mut()
-            header::HOST,
+            .insert(header::HOST, HeaderValue::from_static("rust-lang.org"));
-            HeaderValue::from_static("rust-lang.org"),
-        );
 
         let info = ConnectionInfo::new(&req);
         assert_eq!(info.scheme(), "http");

src/json.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use mime;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
+use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json;
 
 use error::{Error, JsonPayloadError, PayloadError};
@@ -308,10 +308,7 @@ where
             self.fut = Some(Box::new(fut));
         }
 
-        self.fut
+        self.fut.as_mut().expect("JsonBody could not be used second time").poll()
-            .as_mut()
-            .expect("JsonBody could not be used second time")
-            .poll()
     }
 }
 
@@ -362,10 +359,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_json_body() {
         let req = HttpRequest::default();
         let mut json = req.json::<MyObject>();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(json.poll().err().unwrap(), JsonPayloadError::ContentType);
-            json.poll().err().unwrap(),
-            JsonPayloadError::ContentType
-        );
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
         req.headers_mut().insert(
@@ -373,20 +367,15 @@ mod tests {
             header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/text"),
         );
         let mut json = req.json::<MyObject>();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(json.poll().err().unwrap(), JsonPayloadError::ContentType);
-            json.poll().err().unwrap(),
-            JsonPayloadError::ContentType
-        );
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
         req.headers_mut().insert(
             header::CONTENT_TYPE,
             header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
         );
-        req.headers_mut().insert(
+        req.headers_mut()
-            header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
+            .insert(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, header::HeaderValue::from_static("10000"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("10000"),
-        );
         let mut json = req.json::<MyObject>().limit(100);
         assert_eq!(json.poll().err().unwrap(), JsonPayloadError::Overflow);
 
@@ -395,12 +384,9 @@ mod tests {
             header::CONTENT_TYPE,
             header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
         );
-        req.headers_mut().insert(
+        req.headers_mut()
-            header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
+            .insert(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
+        req.payload_mut().unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"));
-        );
-        req.payload_mut()
-            .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"));
         let mut json = req.json::<MyObject>();
         assert_eq!(
             json.poll().ok().unwrap(),
@@ -417,12 +403,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut handler = With::new(|data: Json<MyObject>| data, cfg);
 
         let req = HttpRequest::default();
-        let err = handler
+        let err = handler.handle(req).as_response().unwrap().error().is_some();
-            .handle(req)
-            .as_response()
-            .unwrap()
-            .error()
-            .is_some();
         assert!(err);
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
@@ -430,18 +411,10 @@ mod tests {
             header::CONTENT_TYPE,
             header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
         );
-        req.headers_mut().insert(
+        req.headers_mut()
-            header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
+            .insert(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
+        req.payload_mut().unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"));
-        );
+        let ok = handler.handle(req).as_response().unwrap().error().is_none();
-        req.payload_mut()
-            .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"));
-        let ok = handler
-            .handle(req)
-            .as_response()
-            .unwrap()
-            .error()
-            .is_none();
         assert!(ok)
     }
 }

src/middleware/cors.rs

@@ -64,26 +64,36 @@ use resource::ResourceHandler;
 #[derive(Debug, Fail)]
 pub enum CorsError {
     /// The HTTP request header `Origin` is required but was not provided
-    #[fail(display = "The HTTP request header `Origin` is required but was not provided")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "The HTTP request header `Origin` is required but was not provided"
+    )]
     MissingOrigin,
     /// The HTTP request header `Origin` could not be parsed correctly.
     #[fail(display = "The HTTP request header `Origin` could not be parsed correctly.")]
     BadOrigin,
     /// The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` is required but is
     /// missing
-    #[fail(display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` is required but is missing")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` is required but is missing"
+    )]
     MissingRequestMethod,
     /// The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` has an invalid value
-    #[fail(display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` has an invalid value")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` has an invalid value"
+    )]
     BadRequestMethod,
     /// The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  has an invalid
     /// value
-    #[fail(display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  has an invalid value")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  has an invalid value"
+    )]
     BadRequestHeaders,
     /// The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  is required but is
     /// missing.
-    #[fail(display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  is required but is
+    #[fail(
-                     missing")]
+        display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  is required but is
+                     missing"
+    )]
     MissingRequestHeaders,
     /// Origin is not allowed to make this request
     #[fail(display = "Origin is not allowed to make this request")]
@@ -265,9 +275,7 @@ impl Cors {
     /// `ResourceHandler::middleware()` method, but in that case *Cors*
     /// middleware wont be able to handle *OPTIONS* requests.
     pub fn register<S: 'static>(self, resource: &mut ResourceHandler<S>) {
-        resource
+        resource.method(Method::OPTIONS).h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
-            .method(Method::OPTIONS)
-            .h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
         resource.middleware(self);
     }
 
@@ -292,11 +300,9 @@ impl Cors {
     }
 
     fn validate_allowed_method<S>(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>,
     ) -> Result<(), CorsError> {
-        if let Some(hdr) = req.headers()
+        if let Some(hdr) = req.headers().get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_METHOD) {
-            .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_METHOD)
-        {
             if let Ok(meth) = hdr.to_str() {
                 if let Ok(method) = Method::try_from(meth) {
                     return self.inner
@@ -313,13 +319,13 @@ impl Cors {
     }
 
     fn validate_allowed_headers<S>(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>,
     ) -> Result<(), CorsError> {
         match self.inner.headers {
             AllOrSome::All => Ok(()),
             AllOrSome::Some(ref allowed_headers) => {
-                if let Some(hdr) = req.headers()
+                if let Some(hdr) =
-                    .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_HEADERS)
+                    req.headers().get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_HEADERS)
                 {
                     if let Ok(headers) = hdr.to_str() {
                         let mut hdrs = HashSet::new();
@@ -361,8 +367,8 @@ impl<S> Middleware<S> for Cors {
                             .as_str()[1..],
                     ).unwrap(),
                 )
-            } else if let Some(hdr) = req.headers()
+            } else if let Some(hdr) =
-                .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_HEADERS)
+                req.headers().get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_HEADERS)
             {
                 Some(hdr.clone())
             } else {
@@ -419,7 +425,7 @@ impl<S> Middleware<S> for Cors {
     }
 
     fn response(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         match self.inner.origins {
             AllOrSome::All => {
@@ -506,7 +512,7 @@ pub struct CorsBuilder<S = ()> {
 }
 
 fn cors<'a>(
-    parts: &'a mut Option<Inner>, err: &Option<http::Error>
+    parts: &'a mut Option<Inner>, err: &Option<http::Error>,
 ) -> Option<&'a mut Inner> {
     if err.is_some() {
         return None;
@@ -813,17 +819,13 @@ impl<S: 'static> CorsBuilder<S> {
         }
 
         if let AllOrSome::Some(ref origins) = cors.origins {
-            let s = origins
+            let s = origins.iter().fold(String::new(), |s, v| s + &v.to_string());
-                .iter()
-                .fold(String::new(), |s, v| s + &format!("{}", v));
             cors.origins_str = Some(HeaderValue::try_from(s.as_str()).unwrap());
         }
 
         if !self.expose_hdrs.is_empty() {
             cors.expose_hdrs = Some(
-                self.expose_hdrs
+                self.expose_hdrs.iter().fold(String::new(), |s, v| s + v.as_str())[1..]
-                    .iter()
-                    .fold(String::new(), |s, v| s + v.as_str())[1..]
                     .to_owned(),
             );
         }
@@ -901,27 +903,19 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     #[should_panic(expected = "Credentials are allowed, but the Origin is set to")]
     fn cors_validates_illegal_allow_credentials() {
-        Cors::build()
+        Cors::build().supports_credentials().send_wildcard().finish();
-            .supports_credentials()
-            .send_wildcard()
-            .finish();
     }
 
     #[test]
     #[should_panic(expected = "No resources are registered")]
     fn no_resource() {
-        Cors::build()
+        Cors::build().supports_credentials().send_wildcard().register();
-            .supports_credentials()
-            .send_wildcard()
-            .register();
     }
 
     #[test]
     #[should_panic(expected = "Cors::for_app(app)")]
     fn no_resource2() {
-        Cors::build()
+        Cors::build().resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())).register();
-            .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
-            .register();
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -958,27 +952,18 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_header("Origin", "https://www.example.com")
             .header(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_METHOD, "POST")
-            .header(
+            .header(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_HEADERS, "AUTHORIZATION,ACCEPT")
-                header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_HEADERS,
-                "AUTHORIZATION,ACCEPT",
-            )
             .method(Method::OPTIONS)
             .finish();
 
         let resp = cors.start(&mut req).unwrap().response();
         assert_eq!(
             &b"*"[..],
-            resp.headers()
+            resp.headers().get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN).unwrap().as_bytes()
-                .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN)
-                .unwrap()
-                .as_bytes()
         );
         assert_eq!(
             &b"3600"[..],
-            resp.headers()
+            resp.headers().get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_MAX_AGE).unwrap().as_bytes()
-                .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_MAX_AGE)
-                .unwrap()
-                .as_bytes()
         );
         //assert_eq!(
         //    &b"authorization,accept,content-type"[..],
@@ -995,9 +980,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     #[should_panic(expected = "MissingOrigin")]
     fn test_validate_missing_origin() {
-        let cors = Cors::build()
+        let cors = Cors::build().allowed_origin("https://www.example.com").finish();
-            .allowed_origin("https://www.example.com")
-            .finish();
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
         cors.start(&mut req).unwrap();
@@ -1006,9 +989,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     #[should_panic(expected = "OriginNotAllowed")]
     fn test_validate_not_allowed_origin() {
-        let cors = Cors::build()
+        let cors = Cors::build().allowed_origin("https://www.example.com").finish();
-            .allowed_origin("https://www.example.com")
-            .finish();
 
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_header("Origin", "https://www.unknown.com")
             .method(Method::GET)
@@ -1018,9 +999,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_validate_origin() {
-        let cors = Cors::build()
+        let cors = Cors::build().allowed_origin("https://www.example.com").finish();
-            .allowed_origin("https://www.example.com")
-            .finish();
 
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_header("Origin", "https://www.example.com")
             .method(Method::GET)
@@ -1036,11 +1015,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut req = TestRequest::default().method(Method::GET).finish();
         let resp: HttpResponse = HttpResponse::Ok().into();
         let resp = cors.response(&mut req, resp).unwrap().response();
-        assert!(
+        assert!(resp.headers().get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN).is_none());
-            resp.headers()
-                .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN)
-                .is_none()
-        );
 
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_header("Origin", "https://www.example.com")
             .method(Method::OPTIONS)
@@ -1048,10 +1023,7 @@ mod tests {
         let resp = cors.response(&mut req, resp).unwrap().response();
         assert_eq!(
             &b"https://www.example.com"[..],
-            resp.headers()
+            resp.headers().get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN).unwrap().as_bytes()
-                .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN)
-                .unwrap()
-                .as_bytes()
         );
     }
 
@@ -1074,19 +1046,12 @@ mod tests {
         let resp = cors.response(&mut req, resp).unwrap().response();
         assert_eq!(
             &b"*"[..],
-            resp.headers()
+            resp.headers().get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN).unwrap().as_bytes()
-                .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN)
-                .unwrap()
-                .as_bytes()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            &b"Origin"[..],
-            resp.headers().get(header::VARY).unwrap().as_bytes()
         );
+        assert_eq!(&b"Origin"[..], resp.headers().get(header::VARY).unwrap().as_bytes());
 
-        let resp: HttpResponse = HttpResponse::Ok()
+        let resp: HttpResponse =
-            .header(header::VARY, "Accept")
+            HttpResponse::Ok().header(header::VARY, "Accept").finish();
-            .finish();
         let resp = cors.response(&mut req, resp).unwrap().response();
         assert_eq!(
             &b"Accept, Origin"[..],
@@ -1101,10 +1066,7 @@ mod tests {
         let resp = cors.response(&mut req, resp).unwrap().response();
         assert_eq!(
             &b"https://www.example.com"[..],
-            resp.headers()
+            resp.headers().get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN).unwrap().as_bytes()
-                .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN)
-                .unwrap()
-                .as_bytes()
         );
     }
 

src/middleware/csrf.rs

@@ -89,10 +89,7 @@ fn origin(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Option<Result<Cow<str>, CsrfError>> {
     headers
         .get(header::ORIGIN)
         .map(|origin| {
-            origin
+            origin.to_str().map_err(|_| CsrfError::BadOrigin).map(|o| o.into())
-                .to_str()
-                .map_err(|_| CsrfError::BadOrigin)
-                .map(|o| o.into())
         })
         .or_else(|| {
             headers.get(header::REFERER).map(|referer| {
@@ -261,9 +258,8 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_upgrade() {
         let strict_csrf = CsrfFilter::new().allowed_origin("https://www.example.com");
 
-        let lax_csrf = CsrfFilter::new()
+        let lax_csrf =
-            .allowed_origin("https://www.example.com")
+            CsrfFilter::new().allowed_origin("https://www.example.com").allow_upgrade();
-            .allow_upgrade();
 
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_header("Origin", "https://cswsh.com")
             .header("Connection", "Upgrade")

src/middleware/defaultheaders.rs

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl DefaultHeaders {
 
 impl<S> Middleware<S> for DefaultHeaders {
     fn response(
-        &self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         for (key, value) in self.headers.iter() {
             if !resp.headers().contains_key(key) {
@@ -112,9 +112,7 @@ mod tests {
         };
         assert_eq!(resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(), "0001");
 
-        let resp = HttpResponse::Ok()
+        let resp = HttpResponse::Ok().header(CONTENT_TYPE, "0002").finish();
-            .header(CONTENT_TYPE, "0002")
-            .finish();
         let resp = match mw.response(&mut req, resp) {
             Ok(Response::Done(resp)) => resp,
             _ => panic!(),

src/middleware/errhandlers.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl<S> ErrorHandlers<S> {
 
 impl<S: 'static> Middleware<S> for ErrorHandlers<S> {
     fn response(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         if let Some(handler) = self.handlers.get(&resp.status()) {
             handler(req, resp)
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ impl<S: 'static> Middleware<S> for ErrorHandlers<S> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use http::StatusCode;
     use http::header::CONTENT_TYPE;
+    use http::StatusCode;
 
     fn render_500<S>(_: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse) -> Result<Response> {
         let mut builder = resp.into_builder();

src/middleware/identity.rs

@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar, Key};
+use futures::future::{err as FutErr, ok as FutOk, FutureResult};
 use futures::Future;
-use futures::future::{FutureResult, err as FutErr, ok as FutOk};
 use time::Duration;
 
 use error::{Error, Result};
@@ -164,7 +164,9 @@ pub struct IdentityService<T> {
 impl<T> IdentityService<T> {
     /// Create new identity service with specified backend.
     pub fn new(backend: T) -> Self {
-        IdentityService { backend }
+        IdentityService {
+            backend,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -179,9 +181,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, T: IdentityPolicy<S>> Middleware<S> for IdentityService<T> {
     fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<Started> {
         let mut req = req.clone();
 
-        let fut = self.backend
+        let fut = self.backend.from_request(&mut req).then(move |res| match res {
-            .from_request(&mut req)
-            .then(move |res| match res {
             Ok(id) => {
                 req.extensions().insert(IdentityBox(Box::new(id)));
                 FutOk(None)
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, T: IdentityPolicy<S>> Middleware<S> for IdentityService<T> {
     }
 
     fn response(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         if let Some(mut id) = req.extensions().remove::<IdentityBox>() {
             id.0.write(resp)

src/middleware/logger.rs

@@ -254,10 +254,9 @@ impl FormatText {
                     "-".fmt(fmt)
                 }
             }
-            FormatText::RequestTime => entry_time
+            FormatText::RequestTime => {
-                .strftime("[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]")
+                entry_time.strftime("[%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z]").unwrap().fmt(fmt)
-                .unwrap()
+            }
-                .fmt(fmt),
             FormatText::RequestHeader(ref name) => {
                 let s = if let Some(val) = req.headers().get(name) {
                     if let Ok(s) = val.to_str() {
@@ -314,10 +313,8 @@ mod tests {
         let logger = Logger::new("%% %{User-Agent}i %{X-Test}o %{HOME}e %D test");
 
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
+        headers
-            header::USER_AGENT,
+            .insert(header::USER_AGENT, header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
-        );
         let mut req = HttpRequest::new(
             Method::GET,
             Uri::from_str("/").unwrap(),
@@ -354,10 +351,8 @@ mod tests {
         let format = Format::default();
 
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
+        headers
-            header::USER_AGENT,
+            .insert(header::USER_AGENT, header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
-        );
         let req = HttpRequest::new(
             Method::GET,
             Uri::from_str("/").unwrap(),
@@ -365,9 +360,7 @@ mod tests {
             headers,
             None,
         );
-        let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
+        let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK).force_close().finish();
-            .force_close()
-            .finish();
         let entry_time = time::now();
 
         let render = |fmt: &mut Formatter| {
@@ -388,9 +381,7 @@ mod tests {
             HeaderMap::new(),
             None,
         );
-        let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
+        let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK).force_close().finish();
-            .force_close()
-            .finish();
         let entry_time = time::now();
 
         let render = |fmt: &mut Formatter| {

src/middleware/mod.rs

@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ pub use self::logger::Logger;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "session")]
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.4",
+#[deprecated(
-             note = "please use `actix_web::middleware::session` instead")]
+    since = "0.5.4", note = "please use `actix_web::middleware::session` instead"
+)]
 pub use self::session::{CookieSessionBackend, CookieSessionError, RequestSession,
                         Session, SessionBackend, SessionImpl, SessionStorage};
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ pub trait Middleware<S>: 'static {
     /// Method is called when handler returns response,
     /// but before sending http message to peer.
     fn response(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         Ok(Response::Done(resp))
     }

src/middleware/session.rs

@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar, Key};
+use futures::future::{err as FutErr, ok as FutOk, FutureResult};
 use futures::Future;
-use futures::future::{FutureResult, err as FutErr, ok as FutOk};
 use http::header::{self, HeaderValue};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_json;
@@ -202,12 +202,9 @@ impl<S: 'static, T: SessionBackend<S>> Middleware<S> for SessionStorage<T, S> {
     fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<Started> {
         let mut req = req.clone();
 
-        let fut = self.0
+        let fut = self.0.from_request(&mut req).then(move |res| match res {
-            .from_request(&mut req)
-            .then(move |res| match res {
             Ok(sess) => {
-                    req.extensions()
+                req.extensions().insert(Arc::new(SessionImplBox(Box::new(sess))));
-                        .insert(Arc::new(SessionImplBox(Box::new(sess))));
                 FutOk(None)
             }
             Err(err) => FutErr(err),
@@ -216,7 +213,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, T: SessionBackend<S>> Middleware<S> for SessionStorage<T, S> {
     }
 
     fn response(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         if let Some(s_box) = req.extensions().remove::<Arc<SessionImplBox>>() {
             s_box.0.write(resp)
@@ -349,7 +346,7 @@ impl CookieSessionInner {
     }
 
     fn set_cookie(
-        &self, resp: &mut HttpResponse, state: &HashMap<String, String>
+        &self, resp: &mut HttpResponse, state: &HashMap<String, String>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let value =
             serde_json::to_string(&state).map_err(CookieSessionError::Serialize)?;

src/multipart.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use std::{cmp, fmt};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::task::{current as current_task, Task};
 use futures::{Async, Poll, Stream};
-use http::HttpTryFrom;
 use http::header::{self, HeaderMap, HeaderName, HeaderValue};
+use http::HttpTryFrom;
 use httparse;
 use mime;
 
@@ -122,11 +122,7 @@ where
         if let Some(err) = self.error.take() {
             Err(err)
         } else if self.safety.current() {
-            self.inner
+            self.inner.as_mut().unwrap().borrow_mut().poll(&self.safety)
-                .as_mut()
-                .unwrap()
-                .borrow_mut()
-                .poll(&self.safety)
         } else {
             Ok(Async::NotReady)
         }
@@ -168,7 +164,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn read_boundary(
-        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str
+        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str,
     ) -> Poll<bool, MultipartError> {
         // TODO: need to read epilogue
         match payload.readline()? {
@@ -192,7 +188,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn skip_until_boundary(
-        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str
+        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str,
     ) -> Poll<bool, MultipartError> {
         let mut eof = false;
         loop {
@@ -230,7 +226,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn poll(
-        &mut self, safety: &Safety
+        &mut self, safety: &Safety,
     ) -> Poll<Option<MultipartItem<S>>, MultipartError> {
         if self.state == InnerState::Eof {
             Ok(Async::Ready(None))
@@ -450,7 +446,7 @@ where
     S: Stream<Item = Bytes, Error = PayloadError>,
 {
     fn new(
-        payload: PayloadRef<S>, boundary: String, headers: &HeaderMap
+        payload: PayloadRef<S>, boundary: String, headers: &HeaderMap,
     ) -> Result<InnerField<S>, PayloadError> {
         let len = if let Some(len) = headers.get(header::CONTENT_LENGTH) {
             if let Ok(s) = len.to_str() {
@@ -477,7 +473,7 @@ where
     /// Reads body part content chunk of the specified size.
     /// The body part must has `Content-Length` header with proper value.
     fn read_len(
-        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, size: &mut u64
+        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, size: &mut u64,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Bytes>, MultipartError> {
         if *size == 0 {
             Ok(Async::Ready(None))
@@ -502,7 +498,7 @@ where
     /// Reads content chunk of body part with unknown length.
     /// The `Content-Length` header for body part is not necessary.
     fn read_stream(
-        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str
+        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Bytes>, MultipartError> {
         match payload.read_until(b"\r")? {
             Async::NotReady => Ok(Async::NotReady),
@@ -675,10 +671,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
 
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
+        headers.insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("test"));
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("test"),
-        );
 
         match Multipart::boundary(&headers) {
             Err(MultipartError::ParseContentType) => (),

src/param.rs

@@ -94,8 +94,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a> Index<&'b str> for &'c Params<'a> {
     type Output = str;
 
     fn index(&self, name: &'b str) -> &str {
-        self.get(name)
+        self.get(name).expect("Value for parameter is not available")
-            .expect("Value for parameter is not available")
     }
 }
 
@@ -202,18 +201,9 @@ mod tests {
             PathBuf::from_param("/test/*tt"),
             Err(UriSegmentError::BadStart('*'))
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(PathBuf::from_param("/test/tt:"), Err(UriSegmentError::BadEnd(':')));
-            PathBuf::from_param("/test/tt:"),
+        assert_eq!(PathBuf::from_param("/test/tt<"), Err(UriSegmentError::BadEnd('<')));
-            Err(UriSegmentError::BadEnd(':'))
+        assert_eq!(PathBuf::from_param("/test/tt>"), Err(UriSegmentError::BadEnd('>')));
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            PathBuf::from_param("/test/tt<"),
-            Err(UriSegmentError::BadEnd('<'))
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            PathBuf::from_param("/test/tt>"),
-            Err(UriSegmentError::BadEnd('>'))
-        );
         assert_eq!(
             PathBuf::from_param("/seg1/seg2/"),
             Ok(PathBuf::from_iter(vec!["seg1", "seg2"]))

src/payload.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ impl Payload {
             PayloadSender {
                 inner: Rc::downgrade(&shared),
             },
-            Payload { inner: shared },
+            Payload {
+                inner: shared,
+            },
         )
     }
 
@@ -534,10 +536,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(format!("{}", err.cause().unwrap()), "ParseError");
 
         let err = PayloadError::Incomplete;
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(format!("{}", err), "A payload reached EOF, but is not complete.");
-            format!("{}", err),
-            "A payload reached EOF, but is not complete."
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -671,10 +670,7 @@ mod tests {
                 let (mut sender, payload) = Payload::new(false);
                 let mut payload = PayloadHelper::new(payload);
 
-                assert_eq!(
+                assert_eq!(Async::NotReady, payload.read_until(b"ne").ok().unwrap());
-                    Async::NotReady,
-                    payload.read_until(b"ne").ok().unwrap()
-                );
 
                 sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line1"));
                 sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line2"));

src/pipeline.rs

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> PipelineState<S, H> {
 }
 
 struct PipelineInfo<S> {
-    req: HttpRequest<S>,
+    req: UnsafeCell<HttpRequest<S>>,
     count: u16,
     mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
     context: Option<Box<ActorHttpContext>>,
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ struct PipelineInfo<S> {
 impl<S> PipelineInfo<S> {
     fn new(req: HttpRequest<S>) -> PipelineInfo<S> {
         PipelineInfo {
-            req,
+            req: UnsafeCell::new(req),
             count: 0,
             mws: Rc::new(Vec::new()),
             error: None,
@@ -89,11 +89,17 @@ impl<S> PipelineInfo<S> {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn req(&self) -> &HttpRequest<S> {
+        unsafe { &*self.req.get() }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(mut_from_ref))]
     fn req_mut(&self) -> &mut HttpRequest<S> {
         #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
         unsafe {
-            mem::transmute(&self.req)
+            &mut *self.req.get()
         }
     }
 
@@ -116,8 +122,8 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> Pipeline<S, H> {
         handler: Rc<UnsafeCell<H>>, htype: HandlerType,
     ) -> Pipeline<S, H> {
         let mut info = PipelineInfo {
-            req,
             mws,
+            req: UnsafeCell::new(req),
             count: 0,
             error: None,
             context: None,
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> HttpHandlerTask for Pipeline<S, H> {
     }
 
     fn poll_io(&mut self, io: &mut Writer) -> Poll<bool, Error> {
-        let info: &mut PipelineInfo<_> = unsafe { mem::transmute(&mut self.0) };
+        let info: &mut PipelineInfo<_> = unsafe { &mut *(&mut self.0 as *mut _) };
 
         loop {
             if self.1.is_response() {
@@ -197,7 +203,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> HttpHandlerTask for Pipeline<S, H> {
     }
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error> {
-        let info: &mut PipelineInfo<_> = unsafe { mem::transmute(&mut self.0) };
+        let info: &mut PipelineInfo<_> = unsafe { &mut *(&mut self.0 as *mut _) };
 
         loop {
             match self.1 {
@@ -228,17 +234,17 @@ struct StartMiddlewares<S, H> {
 
 impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> StartMiddlewares<S, H> {
     fn init(
-        info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>, hnd: Rc<UnsafeCell<H>>, htype: HandlerType
+        info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>, hnd: Rc<UnsafeCell<H>>, htype: HandlerType,
     ) -> PipelineState<S, H> {
         // execute middlewares, we need this stage because middlewares could be
         // non-async and we can move to next state immediately
         let len = info.mws.len() as u16;
         loop {
             if info.count == len {
-                let reply = unsafe { &mut *hnd.get() }.handle(info.req.clone(), htype);
+                let reply = unsafe { &mut *hnd.get() }.handle(info.req().clone(), htype);
                 return WaitingResponse::init(info, reply);
             } else {
-                match info.mws[info.count as usize].start(&mut info.req) {
+                match info.mws[info.count as usize].start(info.req_mut()) {
                     Ok(Started::Done) => info.count += 1,
                     Ok(Started::Response(resp)) => {
                         return RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp)
@@ -278,7 +284,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> StartMiddlewares<S, H> {
                     }
                     if info.count == len {
                         let reply = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() }
-                            .handle(info.req.clone(), self.htype);
+                            .handle(info.req().clone(), self.htype);
                         return Some(WaitingResponse::init(info, reply));
                     } else {
                         loop {
@@ -462,7 +468,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
     }
 
     fn poll_io(
-        mut self, io: &mut Writer, info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>
+        mut self, io: &mut Writer, info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>,
     ) -> Result<PipelineState<S, H>, PipelineState<S, H>> {
         loop {
             if self.drain.is_none() && self.running != RunningState::Paused {
@@ -482,8 +488,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                 Err(err) => {
                                     info.error = Some(err.into());
                                     return Ok(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                        info,
+                                        info, self.resp,
-                                        self.resp,
                                     ));
                                 }
                             };
@@ -525,8 +530,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                 if let Err(err) = io.write_eof() {
                                     info.error = Some(err.into());
                                     return Ok(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                        info,
+                                        info, self.resp,
-                                        self.resp,
                                     ));
                                 }
                                 break;
@@ -537,8 +541,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                     Err(err) => {
                                         info.error = Some(err.into());
                                         return Ok(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                            info,
+                                            info, self.resp,
-                                            self.resp,
                                         ));
                                     }
                                     Ok(result) => result,
@@ -572,8 +575,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                                     info.error = Some(err.into());
                                                     return Ok(
                                                         FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                                            info,
+                                                            info, self.resp,
-                                                            self.resp,
                                                         ),
                                                     );
                                                 }
@@ -585,8 +587,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                                         info.error = Some(err.into());
                                                         return Ok(
                                                             FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                                                info,
+                                                                info, self.resp,
-                                                                self.resp,
                                                             ),
                                                         );
                                                     }
@@ -611,8 +612,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                 Err(err) => {
                                     info.error = Some(err);
                                     return Ok(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                        info,
+                                        info, self.resp,
-                                        self.resp,
                                     ));
                                 }
                             }
@@ -796,18 +796,15 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap()
             .run(lazy(|| {
                 let mut info = PipelineInfo::new(HttpRequest::default());
-                Completed::<(), Inner<()>>::init(&mut info)
+                Completed::<(), Inner<()>>::init(&mut info).is_none().unwrap();
-                    .is_none()
-                    .unwrap();
 
                 let req = HttpRequest::default();
                 let mut ctx = HttpContext::new(req.clone(), MyActor);
                 let addr: Addr<Unsync, _> = ctx.address();
                 let mut info = PipelineInfo::new(req);
                 info.context = Some(Box::new(ctx));
-                let mut state = Completed::<(), Inner<()>>::init(&mut info)
+                let mut state =
-                    .completed()
+                    Completed::<(), Inner<()>>::init(&mut info).completed().unwrap();
-                    .unwrap();
 
                 assert!(state.poll(&mut info).is_none());
                 let pp = Pipeline(info, PipelineState::Completed(state));

src/pred.rs

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ pub fn Method<S: 'static>(method: http::Method) -> MethodPredicate<S> {
 /// Return predicate that matches if request contains specified header and
 /// value.
 pub fn Header<S: 'static>(
-    name: &'static str, value: &'static str
+    name: &'static str, value: &'static str,
 ) -> HeaderPredicate<S> {
     HeaderPredicate(
         header::HeaderName::try_from(name).unwrap(),
@@ -181,11 +181,7 @@ pub fn Header<S: 'static>(
 }
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-pub struct HeaderPredicate<S>(
+pub struct HeaderPredicate<S>(header::HeaderName, header::HeaderValue, PhantomData<S>);
-    header::HeaderName,
-    header::HeaderValue,
-    PhantomData<S>,
-);
 
 impl<S: 'static> Predicate<S> for HeaderPredicate<S> {
     fn check(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> bool {

src/resource.rs

@@ -132,10 +132,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> ResourceHandler<S> {
     /// ```
     pub fn method(&mut self, method: Method) -> &mut Route<S> {
         self.routes.push(Route::default());
-        self.routes
+        self.routes.last_mut().unwrap().filter(pred::Method(method))
-            .last_mut()
-            .unwrap()
-            .filter(pred::Method(method))
     }
 
     /// Register a new route and add handler object.
@@ -188,13 +185,11 @@ impl<S: 'static> ResourceHandler<S> {
     /// This is similar to `App's` middlewares, but
     /// middlewares get invoked on resource level.
     pub fn middleware<M: Middleware<S>>(&mut self, mw: M) {
-        Rc::get_mut(&mut self.middlewares)
+        Rc::get_mut(&mut self.middlewares).unwrap().push(Box::new(mw));
-            .unwrap()
-            .push(Box::new(mw));
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn handle(
-        &mut self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>, default: Option<&mut ResourceHandler<S>>
+        &mut self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>, default: Option<&mut ResourceHandler<S>>,
     ) -> Reply {
         for route in &mut self.routes {
             if route.check(&mut req) {

src/route.rs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
 
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn compose(
-        &mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>, mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>
+        &mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>, mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
     ) -> Reply {
         Reply::async(Compose::new(req, mws, self.handler.clone()))
     }
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn with2<T1, T2, F, R>(
-        &mut self, handler: F
+        &mut self, handler: F,
     ) -> (ExtractorConfig<S, T1>, ExtractorConfig<S, T2>)
     where
         F: Fn(T1, T2) -> R + 'static,
@@ -180,22 +180,14 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     {
         let cfg1 = ExtractorConfig::default();
         let cfg2 = ExtractorConfig::default();
-        self.h(With2::new(
+        self.h(With2::new(handler, Clone::clone(&cfg1), Clone::clone(&cfg2)));
-            handler,
-            Clone::clone(&cfg1),
-            Clone::clone(&cfg2),
-        ));
         (cfg1, cfg2)
     }
 
     /// Set handler function, use request extractor for all paramters.
     pub fn with3<T1, T2, T3, F, R>(
-        &mut self, handler: F
+        &mut self, handler: F,
-    ) -> (
+    ) -> (ExtractorConfig<S, T1>, ExtractorConfig<S, T2>, ExtractorConfig<S, T3>)
-        ExtractorConfig<S, T1>,
-        ExtractorConfig<S, T2>,
-        ExtractorConfig<S, T3>,
-    )
     where
         F: Fn(T1, T2, T3) -> R + 'static,
         R: Responder + 'static,
@@ -288,7 +280,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> ComposeState<S> {
 
 impl<S: 'static> Compose<S> {
     fn new(
-        req: HttpRequest<S>, mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>, handler: InnerHandler<S>
+        req: HttpRequest<S>, mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>, handler: InnerHandler<S>,
     ) -> Self {
         let mut info = ComposeInfo {
             count: 0,
@@ -298,7 +290,10 @@ impl<S: 'static> Compose<S> {
         };
         let state = StartMiddlewares::init(&mut info);
 
-        Compose { state, info }
+        Compose {
+            state,
+            info,
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/router.rs

@@ -80,7 +80,11 @@ impl Router {
             return None;
         }
         let path: &str = unsafe { mem::transmute(&req.path()[self.0.prefix_len..]) };
-        let route_path = if path.is_empty() { "/" } else { path };
+        let route_path = if path.is_empty() {
+            "/"
+        } else {
+            path
+        };
 
         for (idx, pattern) in self.0.patterns.iter().enumerate() {
             if pattern.match_with_params(route_path, req.match_info_mut()) {
@@ -98,7 +102,11 @@ impl Router {
     /// following path would be recognizable `/test/name` but `has_route()` call
     /// would return `false`.
     pub fn has_route(&self, path: &str) -> bool {
-        let path = if path.is_empty() { "/" } else { path };
+        let path = if path.is_empty() {
+            "/"
+        } else {
+            path
+        };
 
         for pattern in &self.0.patterns {
             if pattern.is_match(path) {
@@ -113,7 +121,7 @@ impl Router {
     /// Check [`HttpRequest::url_for()`](../struct.HttpRequest.html#method.
     /// url_for) for detailed information.
     pub fn resource_path<U, I>(
-        &self, name: &str, elements: U
+        &self, name: &str, elements: U,
     ) -> Result<String, UrlGenerationError>
     where
         U: IntoIterator<Item = I>,
@@ -245,7 +253,7 @@ impl Resource {
     }
 
     pub fn match_with_params<'a>(
-        &'a self, path: &'a str, params: &'a mut Params<'a>
+        &'a self, path: &'a str, params: &'a mut Params<'a>,
     ) -> bool {
         match self.tp {
             PatternType::Static(ref s) => s == path,
@@ -270,7 +278,7 @@ impl Resource {
 
     /// Build reousrce path.
     pub fn resource_path<U, I>(
-        &self, router: &Router, elements: U
+        &self, router: &Router, elements: U,
     ) -> Result<String, UrlGenerationError>
     where
         U: IntoIterator<Item = I>,
@@ -383,34 +391,19 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_recognizer() {
         let routes = vec![
-            (
+            (Resource::new("", "/name"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Resource::new("", "/name"),
+            (Resource::new("", "/name/{val}"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
-            (
-                Resource::new("", "/name/{val}"),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
             (
                 Resource::new("", "/name/{val}/index.html"),
                 Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
             ),
-            (
+            (Resource::new("", "/file/{file}.{ext}"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Resource::new("", "/file/{file}.{ext}"),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
             (
                 Resource::new("", "/v{val}/{val2}/index.html"),
                 Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
             ),
-            (
+            (Resource::new("", "/v/{tail:.*}"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Resource::new("", "/v/{tail:.*}"),
+            (Resource::new("", "{test}/index.html"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
-            (
-                Resource::new("", "{test}/index.html"),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
         ];
         let (rec, _) = Router::new::<()>("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
 
@@ -439,10 +432,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/v/blah-blah/index.html").finish();
         assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(5));
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("tail").unwrap(), "blah-blah/index.html");
-            req.match_info().get("tail").unwrap(),
-            "blah-blah/index.html"
-        );
 
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/bbb/index.html").finish();
         assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(6));
@@ -452,14 +442,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_recognizer_2() {
         let routes = vec![
-            (
+            (Resource::new("", "/index.json"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Resource::new("", "/index.json"),
+            (Resource::new("", "/{source}.json"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
-            (
-                Resource::new("", "/{source}.json"),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
         ];
         let (rec, _) = Router::new::<()>("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
 
@@ -473,14 +457,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_recognizer_with_prefix() {
         let routes = vec![
-            (
+            (Resource::new("", "/name"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Resource::new("", "/name"),
+            (Resource::new("", "/name/{val}"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
-            (
-                Resource::new("", "/name/{val}"),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
         ];
         let (rec, _) = Router::new::<()>("/test", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
 
@@ -497,14 +475,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         // same patterns
         let routes = vec![
-            (
+            (Resource::new("", "/name"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Resource::new("", "/name"),
+            (Resource::new("", "/name/{val}"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
-            (
-                Resource::new("", "/name/{val}"),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
         ];
         let (rec, _) = Router::new::<()>("/test2", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
 
@@ -573,14 +545,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_request_resource() {
         let routes = vec![
-            (
+            (Resource::new("r1", "/index.json"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Resource::new("r1", "/index.json"),
+            (Resource::new("r2", "/test.json"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
-            (
-                Resource::new("r2", "/test.json"),
-                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
-            ),
         ];
         let (router, _) = Router::new::<()>("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
 

src/server/channel.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
 use tokio_io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
 
 use super::settings::WorkerSettings;
-use super::{utils, HttpHandler, IoStream, h1, h2};
+use super::{h1, h2, utils, HttpHandler, IoStream};
 
 const HTTP2_PREFACE: [u8; 14] = *b"PRI * HTTP/2.0";
 
@@ -93,12 +93,12 @@ where
             let el = self as *mut _;
             self.node = Some(Node::new(el));
             let _ = match self.proto {
-                Some(HttpProtocol::H1(ref mut h1)) => self.node
+                Some(HttpProtocol::H1(ref mut h1)) => {
-                    .as_ref()
+                    self.node.as_ref().map(|n| h1.settings().head().insert(n))
-                    .map(|n| h1.settings().head().insert(n)),
+                }
-                Some(HttpProtocol::H2(ref mut h2)) => self.node
+                Some(HttpProtocol::H2(ref mut h2)) => {
-                    .as_ref()
+                    self.node.as_ref().map(|n| h2.settings().head().insert(n))
-                    .map(|n| h2.settings().head().insert(n)),
+                }
                 Some(HttpProtocol::Unknown(ref mut settings, _, _, _)) => {
                     self.node.as_ref().map(|n| settings.head().insert(n))
                 }
@@ -112,7 +112,9 @@ where
                 match result {
                     Ok(Async::Ready(())) | Err(_) => {
                         h1.settings().remove_channel();
-                        self.node.as_mut().map(|n| n.remove());
+                        if let Some(n) = self.node.as_mut() {
+                            n.remove()
+                        };
                     }
                     _ => (),
                 }
@@ -123,7 +125,9 @@ where
                 match result {
                     Ok(Async::Ready(())) | Err(_) => {
                         h2.settings().remove_channel();
-                        self.node.as_mut().map(|n| n.remove());
+                        if let Some(n) = self.node.as_mut() {
+                            n.remove()
+                        };
                     }
                     _ => (),
                 }
@@ -139,7 +143,9 @@ where
                     Ok(Async::Ready(0)) | Err(_) => {
                         debug!("Ignored premature client disconnection");
                         settings.remove_channel();
-                        self.node.as_mut().map(|n| n.remove());
+                        if let Some(n) = self.node.as_mut() {
+                            n.remove()
+                        };
                         return Err(());
                     }
                     _ => (),
@@ -162,12 +168,8 @@ where
         if let Some(HttpProtocol::Unknown(settings, addr, io, buf)) = self.proto.take() {
             match kind {
                 ProtocolKind::Http1 => {
-                    self.proto = Some(HttpProtocol::H1(h1::Http1::new(
+                    self.proto =
-                        settings,
+                        Some(HttpProtocol::H1(h1::Http1::new(settings, io, addr, buf)));
-                        io,
-                        addr,
-                        buf,
-                    )));
                     return self.poll();
                 }
                 ProtocolKind::Http2 => {
@@ -204,7 +206,8 @@ impl<T> Node<T> {
         #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
         unsafe {
             if let Some(ref next2) = self.next {
-                let n: &mut Node<()> = mem::transmute(next2.as_ref().unwrap());
+                let n: &mut Node<()> =
+                    &mut *(next2.as_ref().unwrap() as *const _ as *mut _);
                 n.prev = Some(next as *const _ as *mut _);
             }
             let slf: &mut Node<T> = mem::transmute(self);
@@ -275,7 +278,9 @@ where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + 'static,
 {
     pub fn new(io: T) -> Self {
-        WrapperStream { io }
+        WrapperStream {
+            io,
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/server/encoding.rs

@@ -763,8 +763,7 @@ impl TransferEncoding {
                         return Ok(*remaining == 0);
                     }
                     let len = cmp::min(*remaining, msg.len() as u64);
-                    self.buffer
+                    self.buffer.extend(msg.take().split_to(len as usize).into());
-                        .extend(msg.take().split_to(len as usize).into());
 
                     *remaining -= len as u64;
                     Ok(*remaining == 0)
@@ -856,10 +855,8 @@ impl AcceptEncoding {
 
     /// Parse a raw Accept-Encoding header value into an ordered list.
     pub fn parse(raw: &str) -> ContentEncoding {
-        let mut encodings: Vec<_> = raw.replace(' ', "")
+        let mut encodings: Vec<_> =
-            .split(',')
+            raw.replace(' ', "").split(',').map(|l| AcceptEncoding::new(l)).collect();
-            .map(|l| AcceptEncoding::new(l))
-            .collect();
         encodings.sort();
 
         for enc in encodings {
@@ -879,9 +876,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_chunked_te() {
         let bytes = SharedBytes::default();
         let mut enc = TransferEncoding::chunked(bytes.clone());
-        assert!(!enc.encode(Binary::from(b"test".as_ref()))
+        assert!(!enc.encode(Binary::from(b"test".as_ref())).ok().unwrap());
-            .ok()
-            .unwrap());
         assert!(enc.encode(Binary::from(b"".as_ref())).ok().unwrap());
         assert_eq!(
             bytes.get_mut().take().freeze(),

src/server/h1.rs

@@ -210,8 +210,7 @@ where
                         self.stream.reset();
 
                         if ready {
-                            item.flags
+                            item.flags.insert(EntryFlags::EOF | EntryFlags::FINISHED);
-                                .insert(EntryFlags::EOF | EntryFlags::FINISHED);
                         } else {
                             item.flags.insert(EntryFlags::FINISHED);
                         }
@@ -253,10 +252,7 @@ where
         // cleanup finished tasks
         let max = self.tasks.len() >= MAX_PIPELINED_MESSAGES;
         while !self.tasks.is_empty() {
-            if self.tasks[0]
+            if self.tasks[0].flags.contains(EntryFlags::EOF | EntryFlags::FINISHED) {
-                .flags
-                .contains(EntryFlags::EOF | EntryFlags::FINISHED)
-            {
                 self.tasks.pop_front();
             } else {
                 break;
@@ -308,7 +304,10 @@ where
     pub fn parse(&mut self) {
         'outer: loop {
             match self.decoder.decode(&mut self.buf, &self.settings) {
-                Ok(Some(Message::Message { msg, payload })) => {
+                Ok(Some(Message::Message {
+                    msg,
+                    payload,
+                })) => {
                     self.flags.insert(Flags::STARTED);
 
                     if payload {
@@ -421,13 +420,19 @@ mod tests {
     impl Message {
         fn message(self) -> SharedHttpInnerMessage {
             match self {
-                Message::Message { msg, payload: _ } => msg,
+                Message::Message {
+                    msg,
+                    payload: _,
+                } => msg,
                 _ => panic!("error"),
             }
         }
         fn is_payload(&self) -> bool {
             match *self {
-                Message::Message { msg: _, payload } => payload,
+                Message::Message {
+                    msg: _,
+                    payload,
+                } => payload,
                 _ => panic!("error"),
             }
         }
@@ -623,10 +628,7 @@ mod tests {
                 assert_eq!(req.version(), Version::HTTP_11);
                 assert_eq!(*req.method(), Method::GET);
                 assert_eq!(req.path(), "/test");
-                assert_eq!(
+                assert_eq!(req.headers().get("test").unwrap().as_bytes(), b"value");
-                    req.headers().get("test").unwrap().as_bytes(),
-                    b"value"
-                );
             }
             Ok(_) | Err(_) => unreachable!("Error during parsing http request"),
         }
@@ -848,12 +850,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!req.keep_alive());
         assert!(req.upgrade());
         assert_eq!(
-            reader
+            reader.decode(&mut buf, &settings).unwrap().unwrap().chunk().as_ref(),
-                .decode(&mut buf, &settings)
-                .unwrap()
-                .unwrap()
-                .chunk()
-                .as_ref(),
             b"some raw data"
         );
     }
@@ -910,30 +907,14 @@ mod tests {
 
         buf.extend(b"4\r\ndata\r\n4\r\nline\r\n0\r\n\r\n");
         assert_eq!(
-            reader
+            reader.decode(&mut buf, &settings).unwrap().unwrap().chunk().as_ref(),
-                .decode(&mut buf, &settings)
-                .unwrap()
-                .unwrap()
-                .chunk()
-                .as_ref(),
             b"data"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            reader
+            reader.decode(&mut buf, &settings).unwrap().unwrap().chunk().as_ref(),
-                .decode(&mut buf, &settings)
-                .unwrap()
-                .unwrap()
-                .chunk()
-                .as_ref(),
             b"line"
         );
-        assert!(
+        assert!(reader.decode(&mut buf, &settings).unwrap().unwrap().eof());
-            reader
-                .decode(&mut buf, &settings)
-                .unwrap()
-                .unwrap()
-                .eof()
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1014,13 +995,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(reader.decode(&mut buf, &settings).unwrap().is_none());
 
         buf.extend(b"\r\n");
-        assert!(
+        assert!(reader.decode(&mut buf, &settings).unwrap().unwrap().eof());
-            reader
-                .decode(&mut buf, &settings)
-                .unwrap()
-                .unwrap()
-                .eof()
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1038,17 +1013,9 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(req.chunked().unwrap());
 
         buf.extend(b"4;test\r\ndata\r\n4\r\nline\r\n0\r\n\r\n"); // test: test\r\n\r\n")
-        let chunk = reader
+        let chunk = reader.decode(&mut buf, &settings).unwrap().unwrap().chunk();
-            .decode(&mut buf, &settings)
-            .unwrap()
-            .unwrap()
-            .chunk();
         assert_eq!(chunk, Bytes::from_static(b"data"));
-        let chunk = reader
+        let chunk = reader.decode(&mut buf, &settings).unwrap().unwrap().chunk();
-            .decode(&mut buf, &settings)
-            .unwrap()
-            .unwrap()
-            .chunk();
         assert_eq!(chunk, Bytes::from_static(b"line"));
         let msg = reader.decode(&mut buf, &settings).unwrap().unwrap();
         assert!(msg.eof());

src/server/h1decoder.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ impl From<io::Error> for DecoderError {
 
 impl H1Decoder {
     pub fn new() -> H1Decoder {
-        H1Decoder { decoder: None }
+        H1Decoder {
+            decoder: None,
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn decode<H>(
@@ -59,9 +61,7 @@ impl H1Decoder {
             }
         }
 
-        match self.parse_message(src, settings)
+        match self.parse_message(src, settings).map_err(DecoderError::Error)? {
-            .map_err(DecoderError::Error)?
-        {
             Async::Ready((msg, decoder)) => {
                 if let Some(decoder) = decoder {
                     self.decoder = Some(decoder);
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl H1Decoder {
             let (len, method, path, version, headers_len) = {
                 let b = unsafe {
                     let b: &[u8] = buf;
-                    mem::transmute(b)
+                    &*(b as *const [u8])
                 };
                 let mut req = httparse::Request::new(&mut headers);
                 match req.parse(b)? {
@@ -415,10 +415,9 @@ impl ChunkedState {
         match byte!(rdr) {
             b'\n' if *size > 0 => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Body)),
             b'\n' if *size == 0 => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::EndCr)),
-            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+            _ => {
-                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Invalid chunk size LF"))
-                "Invalid chunk size LF",
+            }
-            )),
         }
     }
 
@@ -451,37 +450,33 @@ impl ChunkedState {
     fn read_body_cr(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
         match byte!(rdr) {
             b'\r' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::BodyLf)),
-            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+            _ => {
-                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Invalid chunk body CR"))
-                "Invalid chunk body CR",
+            }
-            )),
         }
     }
     fn read_body_lf(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
         match byte!(rdr) {
             b'\n' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Size)),
-            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+            _ => {
-                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Invalid chunk body LF"))
-                "Invalid chunk body LF",
+            }
-            )),
         }
     }
     fn read_end_cr(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
         match byte!(rdr) {
             b'\r' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::EndLf)),
-            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+            _ => {
-                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Invalid chunk end CR"))
-                "Invalid chunk end CR",
+            }
-            )),
         }
     }
     fn read_end_lf(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
         match byte!(rdr) {
             b'\n' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::End)),
-            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+            _ => {
-                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Invalid chunk end LF"))
-                "Invalid chunk end LF",
+            }
-            )),
         }
     }
 }

src/server/h1writer.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 use bytes::BufMut;
 use futures::{Async, Poll};
+use std::io;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::{io, mem};
 use tokio_io::AsyncWrite;
 
 use super::encoding::ContentEncoder;
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ use super::shared::SharedBytes;
 use super::{Writer, WriterState, MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE};
 use body::{Binary, Body};
 use header::ContentEncoding;
+use http::header::{HeaderValue, CONNECTION, CONTENT_LENGTH, DATE};
+use http::{Method, Version};
 use httprequest::HttpInnerMessage;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
-use http::{Method, Version};
-use http::header::{HeaderValue, CONNECTION, CONTENT_LENGTH, DATE};
 
 const AVERAGE_HEADER_SIZE: usize = 30; // totally scientific
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub(crate) struct H1Writer<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> {
 
 impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> H1Writer<T, H> {
     pub fn new(
-        stream: T, buf: SharedBytes, settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>
+        stream: T, buf: SharedBytes, settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>,
     ) -> H1Writer<T, H> {
         H1Writer {
             flags: Flags::empty(),
@@ -117,8 +117,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
         let version = msg.version().unwrap_or_else(|| req.version);
         if msg.upgrade() {
             self.flags.insert(Flags::UPGRADE);
-            msg.headers_mut()
+            msg.headers_mut().insert(CONNECTION, HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"));
-                .insert(CONNECTION, HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"));
         }
         // keep-alive
         else if self.flags.contains(Flags::KEEPALIVE) {
@@ -127,8 +126,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
                     .insert(CONNECTION, HeaderValue::from_static("keep-alive"));
             }
         } else if version >= Version::HTTP_11 {
-            msg.headers_mut()
+            msg.headers_mut().insert(CONNECTION, HeaderValue::from_static("close"));
-                .insert(CONNECTION, HeaderValue::from_static("close"));
         }
         let body = msg.replace_body(Body::Empty);
 
@@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
             let mut pos = 0;
             let mut has_date = false;
             let mut remaining = buffer.remaining_mut();
-            let mut buf: &mut [u8] = unsafe { mem::transmute(buffer.bytes_mut()) };
+            let mut buf = unsafe { &mut *(buffer.bytes_mut() as *mut [u8]) };
             for (key, value) in msg.headers() {
                 if is_bin && key == CONTENT_LENGTH {
                     is_bin = false;
@@ -184,7 +182,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
                     pos = 0;
                     buffer.reserve(len);
                     remaining = buffer.remaining_mut();
-                    buf = unsafe { mem::transmute(buffer.bytes_mut()) };
+                    buf = unsafe { &mut *(buffer.bytes_mut() as *mut _) };
                 }
 
                 buf[pos..pos + k.len()].copy_from_slice(k);
@@ -272,7 +270,8 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
     #[inline]
     fn poll_completed(&mut self, shutdown: bool) -> Poll<(), io::Error> {
         if !self.buffer.is_empty() {
-            let buf: &[u8] = unsafe { mem::transmute(self.buffer.as_ref()) };
+            let buf: &[u8] =
+                unsafe { &mut *(self.buffer.as_ref() as *const _ as *mut _) };
             let written = self.write_data(buf)?;
             let _ = self.buffer.split_to(written);
             if self.buffer.len() > self.buffer_capacity {

src/server/h2.rs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ where
     H: HttpHandler + 'static,
 {
     pub fn new(
-        settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>, io: T, addr: Option<SocketAddr>, buf: Bytes
+        settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>, io: T, addr: Option<SocketAddr>, buf: Bytes,
     ) -> Self {
         Http2 {
             flags: Flags::empty(),

src/server/h2writer.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub(crate) struct H2Writer<H: 'static> {
 
 impl<H: 'static> H2Writer<H> {
     pub fn new(
-        respond: SendResponse<Bytes>, buf: SharedBytes, settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>
+        respond: SendResponse<Bytes>, buf: SharedBytes, settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>,
     ) -> H2Writer<H> {
         H2Writer {
             respond,
@@ -107,8 +107,7 @@ impl<H: 'static> Writer for H2Writer<H> {
                 );
             }
             Body::Empty => {
-                msg.headers_mut()
+                msg.headers_mut().insert(CONTENT_LENGTH, HeaderValue::from_static("0"));
-                    .insert(CONTENT_LENGTH, HeaderValue::from_static("0"));
             }
             _ => (),
         }
@@ -120,9 +119,7 @@ impl<H: 'static> Writer for H2Writer<H> {
             resp.headers_mut().insert(key, value.clone());
         }
 
-        match self.respond
+        match self.respond.send_response(resp, self.flags.contains(Flags::EOF)) {
-            .send_response(resp, self.flags.contains(Flags::EOF))
-        {
             Ok(stream) => self.stream = Some(stream),
             Err(_) => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "err")),
         }

src/server/helpers.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl SharedHttpInnerMessage {
     }
 
     pub fn new(
-        msg: Rc<HttpInnerMessage>, pool: Rc<SharedMessagePool>
+        msg: Rc<HttpInnerMessage>, pool: Rc<SharedMessagePool>,
     ) -> SharedHttpInnerMessage {
         SharedHttpInnerMessage(Some(msg), Some(pool))
     }
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl SharedHttpInnerMessage {
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(mut_from_ref, inline_always))]
     pub fn get_mut(&self) -> &mut HttpInnerMessage {
         let r: &HttpInnerMessage = self.0.as_ref().unwrap().as_ref();
-        unsafe { mem::transmute(r) }
+        unsafe { &mut *(r as *const _ as *mut _) }
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -96,9 +96,8 @@ const DEC_DIGITS_LUT: &[u8] = b"0001020304050607080910111213141516171819\
       8081828384858687888990919293949596979899";
 
 pub(crate) fn write_status_line(version: Version, mut n: u16, bytes: &mut BytesMut) {
-    let mut buf: [u8; 13] = [
+    let mut buf: [u8; 13] =
-        b'H', b'T', b'T', b'P', b'/', b'1', b'.', b'1', b' ', b' ', b' ', b' ', b' '
+        [b'H', b'T', b'T', b'P', b'/', b'1', b'.', b'1', b' ', b' ', b' ', b' ', b' '];
-    ];
     match version {
         Version::HTTP_2 => buf[5] = b'2',
         Version::HTTP_10 => buf[7] = b'0',
@@ -251,63 +250,33 @@ mod tests {
         let mut bytes = BytesMut::new();
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(0, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 0\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 0\r\n"[..]
-        );
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(9, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 9\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 9\r\n"[..]
-        );
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(10, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 10\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 10\r\n"[..]
-        );
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(99, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 99\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 99\r\n"[..]
-        );
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(100, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 100\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 100\r\n"[..]
-        );
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(101, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 101\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 101\r\n"[..]
-        );
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(998, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 998\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 998\r\n"[..]
-        );
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(1000, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 1000\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 1000\r\n"[..]
-        );
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(1001, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 1001\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 1001\r\n"[..]
-        );
         bytes.reserve(50);
         write_content_length(5909, &mut bytes);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(bytes.take().freeze(), b"\r\ncontent-length: 5909\r\n"[..]);
-            bytes.take().freeze(),
-            b"\r\ncontent-length: 5909\r\n"[..]
-        );
     }
 }

src/server/settings.rs

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::{fmt, mem, net};
 use time;
 
-use super::KeepAlive;
 use super::channel::Node;
 use super::helpers;
 use super::shared::{SharedBytes, SharedBytesPool};
+use super::KeepAlive;
 use body::Body;
 use httpresponse::{HttpResponse, HttpResponseBuilder, HttpResponsePool};
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl Default for ServerSettings {
 impl ServerSettings {
     /// Crate server settings instance
     pub(crate) fn new(
-        addr: Option<net::SocketAddr>, host: &Option<String>, secure: bool
+        addr: Option<net::SocketAddr>, host: &Option<String>, secure: bool,
     ) -> ServerSettings {
         let host = if let Some(ref host) = *host {
             host.clone()
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ impl ServerSettings {
 
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn get_response_builder(
-        &self, status: StatusCode
+        &self, status: StatusCode,
     ) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
         HttpResponsePool::get_builder(&self.responses, status)
     }
@@ -255,10 +255,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_date_len() {
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(DATE_VALUE_LENGTH, "Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT".len());
-            DATE_VALUE_LENGTH,
-            "Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT".len()
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]

src/server/shared.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use bytes::{BufMut, BytesMut};
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::io;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::{io, mem};
 
 use body::Binary;
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl SharedBytes {
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(mut_from_ref, inline_always))]
     pub(crate) fn get_mut(&self) -> &mut BytesMut {
         let r: &BytesMut = self.0.as_ref().unwrap().as_ref();
-        unsafe { mem::transmute(r) }
+        unsafe { &mut *(r as *const _ as *mut _) }
     }
 
     #[inline]

src/server/srv.rs

@@ -219,10 +219,7 @@ where
             if let Some(e) = err.take() {
                 Err(e)
             } else {
-                Err(io::Error::new(
+                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "Can not bind to address."))
-                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
-                    "Can not bind to address.",
-                ))
             }
         } else {
             Ok(self)
@@ -230,7 +227,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn start_workers(
-        &mut self, settings: &ServerSettings, handler: &StreamHandlerType
+        &mut self, settings: &ServerSettings, handler: &StreamHandlerType,
     ) -> Vec<(usize, mpsc::UnboundedSender<Conn<net::TcpStream>>)> {
         // start workers
         let mut workers = Vec::new();
@@ -332,9 +329,9 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
                 ctx.add_stream(rx);
                 self
             });
-            signals.map(|signals| {
+            if let Some(signals) = signals {
                 signals.do_send(signal::Subscribe(addr.clone().recipient()))
-            });
+            }
             addr
         }
     }
@@ -378,10 +375,7 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
     /// Start listening for incoming tls connections.
     pub fn start_tls(mut self, acceptor: TlsAcceptor) -> io::Result<Addr<Syn, Self>> {
         if self.sockets.is_empty() {
-            Err(io::Error::new(
+            Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "No socket addresses are bound"))
-                io::ErrorKind::Other,
-                "No socket addresses are bound",
-            ))
         } else {
             let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
             let addrs: Vec<(net::SocketAddr, net::TcpListener)> =
@@ -427,13 +421,10 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
     ///
     /// This method sets alpn protocols to "h2" and "http/1.1"
     pub fn start_ssl(
-        mut self, mut builder: SslAcceptorBuilder
+        mut self, mut builder: SslAcceptorBuilder,
     ) -> io::Result<Addr<Syn, Self>> {
         if self.sockets.is_empty() {
-            Err(io::Error::new(
+            Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "No socket addresses are bound"))
-                io::ErrorKind::Other,
-                "No socket addresses are bound",
-            ))
         } else {
             // alpn support
             if !self.no_http2 {
@@ -545,8 +536,9 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
             }));
             self
         });
-        signals
+        if let Some(signals) = signals {
-            .map(|signals| signals.do_send(signal::Subscribe(addr.clone().recipient())));
+            signals.do_send(signal::Subscribe(addr.clone().recipient()))
+        }
         addr
     }
 }
@@ -562,17 +554,35 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> Handler<signal::Signal> for HttpServer<H> {
             signal::SignalType::Int => {
                 info!("SIGINT received, exiting");
                 self.exit = true;
-                Handler::<StopServer>::handle(self, StopServer { graceful: false }, ctx);
+                Handler::<StopServer>::handle(
+                    self,
+                    StopServer {
+                        graceful: false,
+                    },
+                    ctx,
+                );
             }
             signal::SignalType::Term => {
                 info!("SIGTERM received, stopping");
                 self.exit = true;
-                Handler::<StopServer>::handle(self, StopServer { graceful: true }, ctx);
+                Handler::<StopServer>::handle(
+                    self,
+                    StopServer {
+                        graceful: true,
+                    },
+                    ctx,
+                );
             }
             signal::SignalType::Quit => {
                 info!("SIGQUIT received, exiting");
                 self.exit = true;
-                Handler::<StopServer>::handle(self, StopServer { graceful: false }, ctx);
+                Handler::<StopServer>::handle(
+                    self,
+                    StopServer {
+                        graceful: false,
+                    },
+                    ctx,
+                );
             }
             _ => (),
         }
@@ -696,7 +706,9 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> Handler<StopServer> for HttpServer<H> {
             let tx2 = tx.clone();
             worker
                 .1
-                .send(StopWorker { graceful: dur })
+                .send(StopWorker {
+                    graceful: dur,
+                })
                 .into_actor(self)
                 .then(move |_, slf, ctx| {
                     slf.workers.pop();
@@ -746,9 +758,8 @@ fn start_accept_thread(
 
     // start accept thread
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(cyclomatic_complexity))]
-    let _ = thread::Builder::new()
+    let _ = thread::Builder::new().name(format!("Accept on {}", addr)).spawn(
-        .name(format!("Accept on {}", addr))
+        move || {
-        .spawn(move || {
             const SRV: mio::Token = mio::Token(0);
             const CMD: mio::Token = mio::Token(1);
 
@@ -773,12 +784,9 @@ fn start_accept_thread(
             }
 
             // Start listening for incoming commands
-            if let Err(err) = poll.register(
+            if let Err(err) =
-                &reg,
+                poll.register(&reg, CMD, mio::Ready::readable(), mio::PollOpt::edge())
-                CMD,
+            {
-                mio::Ready::readable(),
-                mio::PollOpt::edge(),
-            ) {
                 panic!("Can not register Registration: {}", err);
             }
 
@@ -909,13 +917,14 @@ fn start_accept_thread(
                     }
                 }
             }
-        });
+        },
+    );
 
     (readiness, tx)
 }
 
 fn create_tcp_listener(
-    addr: net::SocketAddr, backlog: i32
+    addr: net::SocketAddr, backlog: i32,
 ) -> io::Result<net::TcpListener> {
     let builder = match addr {
         net::SocketAddr::V4(_) => TcpBuilder::new_v4()?,

src/server/utils.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ const LW_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 4096;
 const HW_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 32_768;
 
 pub fn read_from_io<T: IoStream>(
-    io: &mut T, buf: &mut BytesMut
+    io: &mut T, buf: &mut BytesMut,
 ) -> Poll<usize, io::Error> {
     unsafe {
         if buf.remaining_mut() < LW_BUFFER_SIZE {

src/server/worker.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use futures::Future;
 use futures::unsync::oneshot;
+use futures::Future;
 use net2::TcpStreamExt;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::{net, time};
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ where
 
 impl<H: HttpHandler + 'static> Worker<H> {
     pub(crate) fn new(
-        h: Vec<H>, handler: StreamHandlerType, keep_alive: KeepAlive
+        h: Vec<H>, handler: StreamHandlerType, keep_alive: KeepAlive,
     ) -> Worker<H> {
         let tcp_ka = if let KeepAlive::Tcp(val) = keep_alive {
             Some(time::Duration::new(val as u64, 0))
@@ -77,13 +77,11 @@ impl<H: HttpHandler + 'static> Worker<H> {
 
     fn update_time(&self, ctx: &mut Context<Self>) {
         self.settings.update_date();
-        ctx.run_later(time::Duration::new(1, 0), |slf, ctx| {
+        ctx.run_later(time::Duration::new(1, 0), |slf, ctx| slf.update_time(ctx));
-            slf.update_time(ctx)
-        });
     }
 
     fn shutdown_timeout(
-        &self, ctx: &mut Context<Self>, tx: oneshot::Sender<bool>, dur: time::Duration
+        &self, ctx: &mut Context<Self>, tx: oneshot::Sender<bool>, dur: time::Duration,
     ) {
         // sleep for 1 second and then check again
         ctx.run_later(time::Duration::new(1, 0), move |slf, ctx| {
@@ -124,8 +122,7 @@ where
         if self.tcp_ka.is_some() && msg.io.set_keepalive(self.tcp_ka).is_err() {
             error!("Can not set socket keep-alive option");
         }
-        self.handler
+        self.handler.handle(Rc::clone(&self.settings), &self.hnd, msg);
-            .handle(Rc::clone(&self.settings), &self.hnd, msg);
     }
 }
 
@@ -165,7 +162,7 @@ pub(crate) enum StreamHandlerType {
 
 impl StreamHandlerType {
     fn handle<H: HttpHandler>(
-        &mut self, h: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>, hnd: &Handle, msg: Conn<net::TcpStream>
+        &mut self, h: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>, hnd: &Handle, msg: Conn<net::TcpStream>,
     ) {
         match *self {
             StreamHandlerType::Normal => {
@@ -177,37 +174,39 @@ impl StreamHandlerType {
             }
             #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
             StreamHandlerType::Tls(ref acceptor) => {
-                let Conn { io, peer, http2 } = msg;
+                let Conn {
+                    io,
+                    peer,
+                    http2,
+                } = msg;
                 let _ = io.set_nodelay(true);
                 let io = TcpStream::from_stream(io, hnd)
                     .expect("failed to associate TCP stream");
 
-                hnd.spawn(
+                hnd.spawn(TlsAcceptorExt::accept_async(acceptor, io).then(move |res| {
-                    TlsAcceptorExt::accept_async(acceptor, io).then(move |res| {
                     match res {
-                            Ok(io) => Arbiter::handle().spawn(HttpChannel::new(
+                        Ok(io) => {
-                                h,
+                            Arbiter::handle().spawn(HttpChannel::new(h, io, peer, http2))
-                                io,
+                        }
-                                peer,
-                                http2,
-                            )),
                         Err(err) => {
                             trace!("Error during handling tls connection: {}", err)
                         }
                     };
                     future::result(Ok(()))
-                    }),
+                }));
-                );
             }
             #[cfg(feature = "alpn")]
             StreamHandlerType::Alpn(ref acceptor) => {
-                let Conn { io, peer, .. } = msg;
+                let Conn {
+                    io,
+                    peer,
+                    ..
+                } = msg;
                 let _ = io.set_nodelay(true);
                 let io = TcpStream::from_stream(io, hnd)
                     .expect("failed to associate TCP stream");
 
-                hnd.spawn(
+                hnd.spawn(SslAcceptorExt::accept_async(acceptor, io).then(move |res| {
-                    SslAcceptorExt::accept_async(acceptor, io).then(move |res| {
                     match res {
                         Ok(io) => {
                             let http2 = if let Some(p) =
@@ -217,20 +216,15 @@ impl StreamHandlerType {
                             } else {
                                 false
                             };
-                                Arbiter::handle().spawn(HttpChannel::new(
+                            Arbiter::handle()
-                                    h,
+                                .spawn(HttpChannel::new(h, io, peer, http2));
-                                    io,
-                                    peer,
-                                    http2,
-                                ));
                         }
                         Err(err) => {
                             trace!("Error during handling tls connection: {}", err)
                         }
                     };
                     future::result(Ok(()))
-                    }),
+                }));
-                );
             }
         }
     }

src/test.rs

@@ -170,14 +170,22 @@ impl TestServer {
         if uri.starts_with('/') {
             format!(
                 "{}://{}{}",
-                if self.ssl { "https" } else { "http" },
+                if self.ssl {
+                    "https"
+                } else {
+                    "http"
+                },
                 self.addr,
                 uri
             )
         } else {
             format!(
                 "{}://{}/{}",
-                if self.ssl { "https" } else { "http" },
+                if self.ssl {
+                    "https"
+                } else {
+                    "http"
+                },
                 self.addr,
                 uri
             )
@@ -202,7 +210,7 @@ impl TestServer {
 
     /// Connect to websocket server
     pub fn ws(
-        &mut self
+        &mut self,
     ) -> Result<(ws::ClientReader, ws::ClientWriter), ws::ClientError> {
         let url = self.url("/");
         self.system.run_until_complete(
@@ -350,17 +358,14 @@ pub struct TestApp<S = ()> {
 impl<S: 'static> TestApp<S> {
     fn new(state: S) -> TestApp<S> {
         let app = App::with_state(state);
-        TestApp { app: Some(app) }
+        TestApp {
+            app: Some(app),
+        }
     }
 
     /// Register handler for "/"
     pub fn handler<H: Handler<S>>(&mut self, handler: H) {
-        self.app = Some(
+        self.app = Some(self.app.take().unwrap().resource("/", |r| r.h(handler)));
-            self.app
-                .take()
-                .unwrap()
-                .resource("/", |r| r.h(handler)),
-        );
     }
 
     /// Register middleware
@@ -594,7 +599,7 @@ impl<S> TestRequest<S> {
     ///
     /// This method panics is handler returns actor or async result.
     pub fn run<H: Handler<S>>(
-        self, mut h: H
+        self, mut h: H,
     ) -> Result<HttpResponse, <<H as Handler<S>>::Result as Responder>::Error> {
         let req = self.finish();
         let resp = h.handle(req.clone());

src/uri.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@ impl Url {
     pub fn new(uri: Uri) -> Url {
         let path = DEFAULT_QUOTER.requote(uri.path().as_bytes());
 
-        Url { uri, path }
+        Url {
+            uri,
+            path,
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn uri(&self) -> &Uri {

src/with.rs

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ where
     S: 'static,
 {
     pub fn new(
-        f: F, cfg1: ExtractorConfig<S, T1>, cfg2: ExtractorConfig<S, T2>
+        f: F, cfg1: ExtractorConfig<S, T1>, cfg2: ExtractorConfig<S, T2>,
     ) -> Self {
         With2 {
             hnd: Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(f)),
@@ -307,10 +307,8 @@ where
                 Async::Ready(item) => {
                     self.item = Some(item);
                     self.fut1.take();
-                    self.fut2 = Some(Box::new(T2::from_request(
+                    self.fut2 =
-                        &self.req,
+                        Some(Box::new(T2::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg2.as_ref())));
-                        self.cfg2.as_ref(),
-                    )));
                 }
                 Async::NotReady => return Ok(Async::NotReady),
             }
@@ -510,10 +508,8 @@ where
                 Async::Ready(item) => {
                     self.item1 = Some(item);
                     self.fut1.take();
-                    self.fut2 = Some(Box::new(T2::from_request(
+                    self.fut2 =
-                        &self.req,
+                        Some(Box::new(T2::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg2.as_ref())));
-                        self.cfg2.as_ref(),
-                    )));
                 }
                 Async::NotReady => return Ok(Async::NotReady),
             }
@@ -524,10 +520,8 @@ where
                 Async::Ready(item) => {
                     self.item2 = Some(item);
                     self.fut2.take();
-                    self.fut3 = Some(Box::new(T3::from_request(
+                    self.fut3 =
-                        &self.req,
+                        Some(Box::new(T3::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg3.as_ref())));
-                        self.cfg3.as_ref(),
-                    )));
                 }
                 Async::NotReady => return Ok(Async::NotReady),
             }
@@ -539,11 +533,9 @@ where
         };
 
         let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
-        let item = match (*hnd)(
+        let item =
-            self.item1.take().unwrap(),
+            match (*hnd)(self.item1.take().unwrap(), self.item2.take().unwrap(), item)
-            self.item2.take().unwrap(),
+                .respond_to(self.req.drop_state())
-            item,
-        ).respond_to(self.req.drop_state())
             {
                 Ok(item) => item.into(),
                 Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),

src/ws/client.rs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl Client {
 
     /// Create new websocket connection with custom `ClientConnector`
     pub fn with_connector<S: AsRef<str>>(
-        uri: S, conn: Addr<Unsync, ClientConnector>
+        uri: S, conn: Addr<Unsync, ClientConnector>,
     ) -> Client {
         let mut cl = Client {
             request: ClientRequest::build(),
@@ -142,9 +142,8 @@ impl Client {
         U: IntoIterator<Item = V> + 'static,
         V: AsRef<str>,
     {
-        let mut protos = protos
+        let mut protos =
-            .into_iter()
+            protos.into_iter().fold(String::new(), |acc, s| acc + s.as_ref() + ",");
-            .fold(String::new(), |acc, s| acc + s.as_ref() + ",");
         protos.pop();
         self.protocols = Some(protos);
         self
@@ -218,8 +217,7 @@ impl Client {
             self.request.upgrade();
             self.request.set_header(header::UPGRADE, "websocket");
             self.request.set_header(header::CONNECTION, "upgrade");
-            self.request
+            self.request.set_header(header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION, "13");
-                .set_header(header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION, "13");
             self.request.with_connector(self.conn.clone());
 
             if let Some(protocols) = self.protocols.take() {
@@ -394,10 +392,7 @@ impl Future for ClientHandshake {
                     encoded,
                     key
                 );
-                return Err(ClientError::InvalidChallengeResponse(
+                return Err(ClientError::InvalidChallengeResponse(encoded, key.clone()));
-                    encoded,
-                    key.clone(),
-                ));
             }
         } else {
             trace!("Missing SEC-WEBSOCKET-ACCEPT header");
@@ -416,7 +411,9 @@ impl Future for ClientHandshake {
                 inner: Rc::clone(&inner),
                 max_size: self.max_size,
             },
-            ClientWriter { inner },
+            ClientWriter {
+                inner,
+            },
         )))
     }
 }
@@ -536,23 +533,13 @@ impl ClientWriter {
     /// Send ping frame
     #[inline]
     pub fn ping(&mut self, message: &str) {
-        self.write(Frame::message(
+        self.write(Frame::message(Vec::from(message), OpCode::Ping, true, true));
-            Vec::from(message),
-            OpCode::Ping,
-            true,
-            true,
-        ));
     }
 
     /// Send pong frame
     #[inline]
     pub fn pong(&mut self, message: &str) {
-        self.write(Frame::message(
+        self.write(Frame::message(Vec::from(message), OpCode::Pong, true, true));
-            Vec::from(message),
-            OpCode::Pong,
-            true,
-            true,
-        ));
     }
 
     /// Send close frame

src/ws/context.rs

@@ -156,23 +156,13 @@ where
     /// Send ping frame
     #[inline]
     pub fn ping(&mut self, message: &str) {
-        self.write(Frame::message(
+        self.write(Frame::message(Vec::from(message), OpCode::Ping, true, false));
-            Vec::from(message),
-            OpCode::Ping,
-            true,
-            false,
-        ));
     }
 
     /// Send pong frame
     #[inline]
     pub fn pong(&mut self, message: &str) {
-        self.write(Frame::message(
+        self.write(Frame::message(Vec::from(message), OpCode::Pong, true, false));
-            Vec::from(message),
-            OpCode::Pong,
-            true,
-            false,
-        ));
     }
 
     /// Send close frame

src/ws/frame.rs

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ use body::Binary;
 use error::PayloadError;
 use payload::PayloadHelper;
 
-use ws::ProtocolError;
 use ws::mask::apply_mask;
 use ws::proto::{CloseCode, CloseReason, OpCode};
+use ws::ProtocolError;
 
 /// A struct representing a `WebSocket` frame.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl Frame {
                 NetworkEndian::write_u16(&mut code_bytes, reason.code.into());
 
                 let mut payload = Vec::from(&code_bytes[..]);
-                if let Some(description) = reason.description{
+                if let Some(description) = reason.description {
                     payload.extend(description.as_bytes());
                 }
                 payload
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl Frame {
 
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(type_complexity))]
     fn read_copy_md<S>(
-        pl: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, server: bool, max_size: usize
+        pl: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, server: bool, max_size: usize,
     ) -> Poll<Option<(usize, bool, OpCode, usize, Option<u32>)>, ProtocolError>
     where
         S: Stream<Item = Bytes, Error = PayloadError>,
@@ -122,17 +122,11 @@ impl Frame {
             None
         };
 
-        Ok(Async::Ready(Some((
+        Ok(Async::Ready(Some((idx, finished, opcode, length, mask))))
-            idx,
-            finished,
-            opcode,
-            length,
-            mask,
-        ))))
     }
 
     fn read_chunk_md(
-        chunk: &[u8], server: bool, max_size: usize
+        chunk: &[u8], server: bool, max_size: usize,
     ) -> Poll<(usize, bool, OpCode, usize, Option<u32>), ProtocolError> {
         let chunk_len = chunk.len();
 
@@ -203,7 +197,7 @@ impl Frame {
 
     /// Parse the input stream into a frame.
     pub fn parse<S>(
-        pl: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, server: bool, max_size: usize
+        pl: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, server: bool, max_size: usize,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Frame>, ProtocolError>
     where
         S: Stream<Item = Bytes, Error = PayloadError>,
@@ -288,7 +282,10 @@ impl Frame {
             } else {
                 None
             };
-            Some(CloseReason { code, description })
+            Some(CloseReason {
+                code,
+                description,
+            })
         } else {
             None
         }
@@ -296,7 +293,7 @@ impl Frame {
 
     /// Generate binary representation
     pub fn message<B: Into<Binary>>(
-        data: B, code: OpCode, finished: bool, genmask: bool
+        data: B, code: OpCode, finished: bool, genmask: bool,
     ) -> Binary {
         let payload = data.into();
         let one: u8 = if finished {

src/ws/mask.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,11 @@ fn apply_mask_fast32(buf: &mut [u8], mask_u32: u32) {
     // Possible first unaligned block.
     let head = min(len, (8 - (ptr as usize & 0x7)) & 0x3);
     let mask_u32 = if head > 0 {
-        let n = if head > 4 { head - 4 } else { head };
+        let n = if head > 4 {
+            head - 4
+        } else {
+            head
+        };
 
         let mask_u32 = if n > 0 {
             unsafe {

src/ws/mod.rs

@@ -133,24 +133,24 @@ pub enum HandshakeError {
 impl ResponseError for HandshakeError {
     fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
         match *self {
-            HandshakeError::GetMethodRequired => HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()
+            HandshakeError::GetMethodRequired => {
-                .header(header::ALLOW, "GET")
+                HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed().header(header::ALLOW, "GET").finish()
-                .finish(),
+            }
             HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade => HttpResponse::BadRequest()
                 .reason("No WebSocket UPGRADE header found")
                 .finish(),
-            HandshakeError::NoConnectionUpgrade => HttpResponse::BadRequest()
+            HandshakeError::NoConnectionUpgrade => {
-                .reason("No CONNECTION upgrade")
+                HttpResponse::BadRequest().reason("No CONNECTION upgrade").finish()
-                .finish(),
+            }
             HandshakeError::NoVersionHeader => HttpResponse::BadRequest()
                 .reason("Websocket version header is required")
                 .finish(),
-            HandshakeError::UnsupportedVersion => HttpResponse::BadRequest()
+            HandshakeError::UnsupportedVersion => {
-                .reason("Unsupported version")
+                HttpResponse::BadRequest().reason("Unsupported version").finish()
-                .finish(),
+            }
-            HandshakeError::BadWebsocketKey => HttpResponse::BadRequest()
+            HandshakeError::BadWebsocketKey => {
-                .reason("Handshake error")
+                HttpResponse::BadRequest().reason("Handshake error").finish()
-                .finish(),
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ where
 // /// the returned response headers contain the first protocol in this list
 // /// which the server also knows.
 pub fn handshake<S>(
-    req: &HttpRequest<S>
+    req: &HttpRequest<S>,
 ) -> Result<HttpResponseBuilder, HandshakeError> {
     // WebSocket accepts only GET
     if *req.method() != Method::GET {
@@ -216,9 +216,7 @@ pub fn handshake<S>(
     }
 
     // check supported version
-    if !req.headers()
+    if !req.headers().contains_key(header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION) {
-        .contains_key(header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION)
-    {
         return Err(HandshakeError::NoVersionHeader);
     }
     let supported_ver = {
@@ -355,10 +353,7 @@ mod tests {
             HeaderMap::new(),
             None,
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(HandshakeError::GetMethodRequired, handshake(&req).err().unwrap());
-            HandshakeError::GetMethodRequired,
-            handshake(&req).err().unwrap()
-        );
 
         let req = HttpRequest::new(
             Method::GET,
@@ -367,16 +362,10 @@ mod tests {
             HeaderMap::new(),
             None,
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade, handshake(&req).err().unwrap());
-            HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade,
-            handshake(&req).err().unwrap()
-        );
 
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
+        headers.insert(header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("test"));
-            header::UPGRADE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("test"),
-        );
         let req = HttpRequest::new(
             Method::GET,
             Uri::from_str("/").unwrap(),
@@ -384,16 +373,10 @@ mod tests {
             headers,
             None,
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade, handshake(&req).err().unwrap());
-            HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade,
-            handshake(&req).err().unwrap()
-        );
 
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
+        headers.insert(header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"));
-            header::UPGRADE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-        );
         let req = HttpRequest::new(
             Method::GET,
             Uri::from_str("/").unwrap(),
@@ -401,20 +384,11 @@ mod tests {
             headers,
             None,
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(HandshakeError::NoConnectionUpgrade, handshake(&req).err().unwrap());
-            HandshakeError::NoConnectionUpgrade,
-            handshake(&req).err().unwrap()
-        );
 
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
+        headers.insert(header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"));
-            header::UPGRADE,
+        headers.insert(header::CONNECTION, header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-        );
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONNECTION,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-        );
         let req = HttpRequest::new(
             Method::GET,
             Uri::from_str("/").unwrap(),
@@ -422,20 +396,11 @@ mod tests {
             headers,
             None,
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(HandshakeError::NoVersionHeader, handshake(&req).err().unwrap());
-            HandshakeError::NoVersionHeader,
-            handshake(&req).err().unwrap()
-        );
 
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
+        headers.insert(header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"));
-            header::UPGRADE,
+        headers.insert(header::CONNECTION, header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-        );
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONNECTION,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-        );
         headers.insert(
             header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
             header::HeaderValue::from_static("5"),
@@ -447,20 +412,11 @@ mod tests {
             headers,
             None,
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(HandshakeError::UnsupportedVersion, handshake(&req).err().unwrap());
-            HandshakeError::UnsupportedVersion,
-            handshake(&req).err().unwrap()
-        );
 
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
+        headers.insert(header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"));
-            header::UPGRADE,
+        headers.insert(header::CONNECTION, header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-        );
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONNECTION,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-        );
         headers.insert(
             header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
             header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
@@ -472,28 +428,17 @@ mod tests {
             headers,
             None,
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(HandshakeError::BadWebsocketKey, handshake(&req).err().unwrap());
-            HandshakeError::BadWebsocketKey,
-            handshake(&req).err().unwrap()
-        );
 
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
+        headers.insert(header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"));
-            header::UPGRADE,
+        headers.insert(header::CONNECTION, header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-        );
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONNECTION,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-        );
         headers.insert(
             header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
             header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
         );
-        headers.insert(
+        headers
-            header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY,
+            .insert(header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY, header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"));
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-        );
         let req = HttpRequest::new(
             Method::GET,
             Uri::from_str("/").unwrap(),

src/ws/proto.rs

@@ -194,11 +194,11 @@ impl From<CloseCode> for CloseReason {
     }
 }
 
-impl <T: Into<String>> From<(CloseCode, T)> for CloseReason {
+impl<T: Into<String>> From<(CloseCode, T)> for CloseReason {
     fn from(info: (CloseCode, T)) -> Self {
-        CloseReason{
+        CloseReason {
             code: info.0,
-            description: Some(info.1.into())
+            description: Some(info.1.into()),
         }
     }
 }

tests/test_client.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ use std::io::Read;
 
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use flate2::read::GzDecoder;
-use futures::Future;
 use futures::stream::once;
+use futures::Future;
 use rand::Rng;
 
 use actix_web::*;
@@ -72,10 +72,7 @@ fn test_with_query_parameter() {
         })
     });
 
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/?qp=5").as_str()).finish().unwrap();
-        .uri(srv.url("/?qp=5").as_str())
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
 
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -124,10 +121,8 @@ fn test_client_gzip_encoding() {
     });
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.post()
+    let request =
-        .content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Gzip)
+        srv.post().content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Gzip).body(STR).unwrap();
-        .body(STR)
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -167,10 +162,7 @@ fn test_client_gzip_encoding_large() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_client_gzip_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
+    let data = rand::thread_rng().gen_ascii_chars().take(100_000).collect::<String>();
-        .gen_ascii_chars()
-        .take(100_000)
-        .collect::<String>();
 
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
         app.handler(|req: HttpRequest| {
@@ -228,10 +220,7 @@ fn test_client_brotli_encoding() {
 #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
 #[test]
 fn test_client_brotli_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
+    let data = rand::thread_rng().gen_ascii_chars().take(70_000).collect::<String>();
-        .gen_ascii_chars()
-        .take(70_000)
-        .collect::<String>();
 
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
         app.handler(|req: HttpRequest| {
@@ -275,10 +264,8 @@ fn test_client_deflate_encoding() {
     });
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.post()
+    let request =
-        .content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Deflate)
+        srv.post().content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Deflate).body(STR).unwrap();
-        .body(STR)
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -290,10 +277,7 @@ fn test_client_deflate_encoding() {
 #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
 #[test]
 fn test_client_deflate_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
+    let data = rand::thread_rng().gen_ascii_chars().take(70_000).collect::<String>();
-        .gen_ascii_chars()
-        .take(70_000)
-        .collect::<String>();
 
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
         app.handler(|req: HttpRequest| {
@@ -338,9 +322,7 @@ fn test_client_streaming_explicit() {
 
     let body = once(Ok(Bytes::from_static(STR.as_ref())));
 
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request = srv.get().body(Body::Streaming(Box::new(body))).unwrap();
-        .body(Body::Streaming(Box::new(body)))
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -413,11 +395,8 @@ fn test_client_cookie_handling() {
         })
     });
 
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request =
-        .cookie(cookie1.clone())
+        srv.get().cookie(cookie1.clone()).cookie(cookie2.clone()).finish().unwrap();
-        .cookie(cookie2.clone())
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
     let c1 = response.cookie("cookie1").expect("Missing cookie1");

tests/test_handlers.rs

@@ -26,10 +26,7 @@ fn test_path_extractor() {
     });
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test/index.html")).finish().unwrap();
-        .uri(srv.url("/test/index.html"))
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -47,10 +44,7 @@ fn test_query_extractor() {
     });
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/index.html?username=test")).finish().unwrap();
-        .uri(srv.url("/index.html?username=test"))
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -59,10 +53,7 @@ fn test_query_extractor() {
     assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome test!"));
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/index.html")).finish().unwrap();
-        .uri(srv.url("/index.html"))
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 }
@@ -78,10 +69,8 @@ fn test_path_and_query_extractor() {
     });
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request =
-        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2"))
+        srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2")).finish().unwrap();
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -90,10 +79,7 @@ fn test_path_and_query_extractor() {
     assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome test1 - test2!"));
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html")).finish().unwrap();
-        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html"))
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 }
@@ -102,18 +88,15 @@ fn test_path_and_query_extractor() {
 fn test_path_and_query_extractor2() {
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
         app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
-            r.route()
+            r.route().with3(|_: HttpRequest, p: Path<PParam>, q: Query<PParam>| {
-                .with3(|_: HttpRequest, p: Path<PParam>, q: Query<PParam>| {
                 format!("Welcome {} - {}!", p.username, q.username)
             })
         });
     });
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request =
-        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2"))
+        srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2")).finish().unwrap();
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -122,10 +105,7 @@ fn test_path_and_query_extractor2() {
     assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome test1 - test2!"));
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html")).finish().unwrap();
-        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html"))
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 }
@@ -137,10 +117,7 @@ fn test_non_ascii_route() {
     });
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/中文/index.html")).finish().unwrap();
-        .uri(srv.url("/中文/index.html"))
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -158,17 +135,12 @@ fn test_unsafe_path_route() {
     });
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.get()
+    let request =
-        .uri(srv.url("/test/http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com"))
+        srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test/http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com")).finish().unwrap();
-        .finish()
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
     // read response
     let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(
+    assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"success: http:%2F%2Fexample.com"));
-        bytes,
-        Bytes::from_static(b"success: http:%2F%2Fexample.com")
-    );
 }

tests/test_server.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ extern crate brotli2;
 #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
 use brotli2::write::{BrotliDecoder, BrotliEncoder};
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
-use flate2::Compression;
 use flate2::read::GzDecoder;
 use flate2::write::{DeflateDecoder, DeflateEncoder, GzEncoder};
+use flate2::Compression;
 use futures::stream::once;
 use futures::{future, Future, Stream};
 use h2::client as h2client;
@@ -62,11 +62,9 @@ fn test_start() {
     thread::spawn(move || {
         let sys = System::new("test");
         let srv = server::new(|| {
-            vec![
+            vec![App::new().resource("/", |r| {
-                App::new().resource("/", |r| {
                 r.method(http::Method::GET).f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-                }),
+            })]
-            ]
         });
 
         let srv = srv.bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
@@ -113,11 +111,9 @@ fn test_shutdown() {
     thread::spawn(move || {
         let sys = System::new("test");
         let srv = server::new(|| {
-            vec![
+            vec![App::new().resource("/", |r| {
-                App::new().resource("/", |r| {
                 r.method(http::Method::GET).f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-                }),
+            })]
-            ]
         });
 
         let srv = srv.bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
@@ -135,7 +131,9 @@ fn test_shutdown() {
             .finish()
             .unwrap();
         let response = sys.run_until_complete(req.send()).unwrap();
-        srv_addr.do_send(server::StopServer { graceful: true });
+        srv_addr.do_send(server::StopServer {
+            graceful: true,
+        });
         assert!(response.status().is_success());
     }
 
@@ -208,9 +206,7 @@ fn test_body() {
 fn test_body_gzip() {
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
         app.handler(|_| {
-            HttpResponse::Ok()
+            HttpResponse::Ok().content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Gzip).body(STR)
-                .content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Gzip)
-                .body(STR)
         })
     });
 
@@ -258,10 +254,7 @@ fn test_body_gzip_large() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_body_gzip_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
+    let data = rand::thread_rng().gen_ascii_chars().take(70_000).collect::<String>();
-        .gen_ascii_chars()
-        .take(70_000)
-        .collect::<String>();
     let srv_data = Arc::new(data.clone());
 
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(move |app| {
@@ -342,11 +335,7 @@ fn test_body_br_streaming() {
 #[test]
 fn test_head_empty() {
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
-        app.handler(|_| {
+        app.handler(|_| HttpResponse::Ok().content_length(STR.len() as u64).finish())
-            HttpResponse::Ok()
-                .content_length(STR.len() as u64)
-                .finish()
-        })
     });
 
     let request = srv.head().finish().unwrap();
@@ -354,10 +343,7 @@ fn test_head_empty() {
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
     {
-        let len = response
+        let len = response.headers().get(http::header::CONTENT_LENGTH).unwrap();
-            .headers()
-            .get(http::header::CONTENT_LENGTH)
-            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(format!("{}", STR.len()), len.to_str().unwrap());
     }
 
@@ -382,10 +368,7 @@ fn test_head_binary() {
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
     {
-        let len = response
+        let len = response.headers().get(http::header::CONTENT_LENGTH).unwrap();
-            .headers()
-            .get(http::header::CONTENT_LENGTH)
-            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(format!("{}", STR.len()), len.to_str().unwrap());
     }
 
@@ -409,10 +392,7 @@ fn test_head_binary2() {
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
     {
-        let len = response
+        let len = response.headers().get(http::header::CONTENT_LENGTH).unwrap();
-            .headers()
-            .get(http::header::CONTENT_LENGTH)
-            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(format!("{}", STR.len()), len.to_str().unwrap());
     }
 }
@@ -468,9 +448,7 @@ fn test_body_chunked_explicit() {
 fn test_body_deflate() {
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
         app.handler(|_| {
-            HttpResponse::Ok()
+            HttpResponse::Ok().content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Deflate).body(STR)
-                .content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Deflate)
-                .body(STR)
         })
     });
 
@@ -494,9 +472,7 @@ fn test_body_deflate() {
 fn test_body_brotli() {
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
         app.handler(|_| {
-            HttpResponse::Ok()
+            HttpResponse::Ok().content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Br).body(STR)
-                .content_encoding(http::ContentEncoding::Br)
-                .body(STR)
         })
     });
 
@@ -580,10 +556,7 @@ fn test_gzip_encoding_large() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_reading_gzip_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
+    let data = rand::thread_rng().gen_ascii_chars().take(60_000).collect::<String>();
-        .gen_ascii_chars()
-        .take(60_000)
-        .collect::<String>();
 
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
         app.handler(|req: HttpRequest| {
@@ -634,10 +607,8 @@ fn test_reading_deflate_encoding() {
     let enc = e.finish().unwrap();
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.post()
+    let request =
-        .header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        srv.post().header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate").body(enc).unwrap();
-        .body(enc)
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -666,10 +637,8 @@ fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large() {
     let enc = e.finish().unwrap();
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.post()
+    let request =
-        .header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        srv.post().header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate").body(enc).unwrap();
-        .body(enc)
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -680,10 +649,7 @@ fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
+    let data = rand::thread_rng().gen_ascii_chars().take(160_000).collect::<String>();
-        .gen_ascii_chars()
-        .take(160_000)
-        .collect::<String>();
 
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
         app.handler(|req: HttpRequest| {
@@ -702,10 +668,8 @@ fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random() {
     let enc = e.finish().unwrap();
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.post()
+    let request =
-        .header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        srv.post().header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate").body(enc).unwrap();
-        .body(enc)
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -735,10 +699,8 @@ fn test_brotli_encoding() {
     let enc = e.finish().unwrap();
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.post()
+    let request =
-        .header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "br")
+        srv.post().header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "br").body(enc).unwrap();
-        .body(enc)
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -768,10 +730,8 @@ fn test_brotli_encoding_large() {
     let enc = e.finish().unwrap();
 
     // client request
-    let request = srv.post()
+    let request =
-        .header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "br")
+        srv.post().header(http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "br").body(enc).unwrap();
-        .body(enc)
-        .unwrap();
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -789,8 +749,7 @@ fn test_h2() {
     let handle = core.handle();
     let tcp = TcpStream::connect(&addr, &handle);
 
-    let tcp = tcp.then(|res| h2client::handshake(res.unwrap()))
+    let tcp = tcp.then(|res| h2client::handshake(res.unwrap())).then(move |res| {
-        .then(move |res| {
         let (mut client, h2) = res.unwrap();
 
         let request = Request::builder()
@@ -836,28 +795,20 @@ struct MiddlewareTest {
 
 impl<S> middleware::Middleware<S> for MiddlewareTest {
     fn start(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<middleware::Started> {
-        self.start.store(
+        self.start.store(self.start.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            self.start.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
-            Ordering::Relaxed,
-        );
         Ok(middleware::Started::Done)
     }
 
     fn response(
-        &self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<middleware::Response> {
-        self.response.store(
+        self.response
-            self.response.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
+            .store(self.response.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            Ordering::Relaxed,
-        );
         Ok(middleware::Response::Done(resp))
     }
 
     fn finish(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, _: &HttpResponse) -> middleware::Finished {
-        self.finish.store(
+        self.finish.store(self.finish.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            self.finish.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
-            Ordering::Relaxed,
-        );
         middleware::Finished::Done
     }
 }

tests/test_ws.rs

@@ -44,12 +44,7 @@ fn test_simple() {
 
     writer.binary(b"text".as_ref());
     let (item, reader) = srv.execute(reader.into_future()).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(
+    assert_eq!(item, Some(ws::Message::Binary(Bytes::from_static(b"text").into())));
-        item,
-        Some(ws::Message::Binary(
-            Bytes::from_static(b"text").into()
-        ))
-    );
 
     writer.ping("ping");
     let (item, reader) = srv.execute(reader.into_future()).unwrap();
@@ -75,7 +70,8 @@ fn test_close_description() {
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| app.handler(|req| ws::start(req, Ws)));
     let (reader, mut writer) = srv.ws().unwrap();
 
-    let close_reason:ws::CloseReason = (ws::CloseCode::Normal, "close description").into();
+    let close_reason: ws::CloseReason =
+        (ws::CloseCode::Normal, "close description").into();
     writer.close(Some(close_reason.clone()));
     let (item, _) = srv.execute(reader.into_future()).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(item, Some(ws::Message::Close(Some(close_reason))));
@@ -83,10 +79,7 @@ fn test_close_description() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_large_text() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
+    let data = rand::thread_rng().gen_ascii_chars().take(65_536).collect::<String>();
-        .gen_ascii_chars()
-        .take(65_536)
-        .collect::<String>();
 
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| app.handler(|req| ws::start(req, Ws)));
     let (mut reader, mut writer) = srv.ws().unwrap();
@@ -101,10 +94,7 @@ fn test_large_text() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_large_bin() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
+    let data = rand::thread_rng().gen_ascii_chars().take(65_536).collect::<String>();
-        .gen_ascii_chars()
-        .take(65_536)
-        .collect::<String>();
 
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| app.handler(|req| ws::start(req, Ws)));
     let (mut reader, mut writer) = srv.ws().unwrap();
@@ -113,10 +103,7 @@ fn test_large_bin() {
         writer.binary(data.clone());
         let (item, r) = srv.execute(reader.into_future()).unwrap();
         reader = r;
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(item, Some(ws::Message::Binary(Binary::from(data.clone()))));
-            item,
-            Some(ws::Message::Binary(Binary::from(data.clone())))
-        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -220,16 +207,10 @@ fn test_ws_server_ssl() {
 
     // load ssl keys
     let mut builder = SslAcceptor::mozilla_intermediate(SslMethod::tls()).unwrap();
-    builder
+    builder.set_private_key_file("tests/key.pem", SslFiletype::PEM).unwrap();
-        .set_private_key_file("tests/key.pem", SslFiletype::PEM)
+    builder.set_certificate_chain_file("tests/cert.pem").unwrap();
-        .unwrap();
-    builder
-        .set_certificate_chain_file("tests/cert.pem")
-        .unwrap();
 
-    let mut srv = test::TestServer::build()
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::build().ssl(builder.build()).start(|app| {
-        .ssl(builder.build())
-        .start(|app| {
         app.handler(|req| {
             ws::start(
                 req,

tools/wsload/src/wsclient.rs

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ extern crate url;
 
 use futures::Future;
 use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
-use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use actix::prelude::*;
@@ -61,12 +61,8 @@ fn main() {
     let sample_rate = parse_u64_default(matches.value_of("sample-rate"), 1) as usize;
 
     let perf_counters = Arc::new(PerfCounters::new());
-    let payload = Arc::new(
+    let payload =
-        thread_rng()
+        Arc::new(thread_rng().gen_ascii_chars().take(payload_size).collect::<String>());
-            .gen_ascii_chars()
-            .take(payload_size)
-            .collect::<String>(),
-    );
 
     let sys = actix::System::new("ws-client");
 
@@ -82,8 +78,7 @@ fn main() {
         let perf = perf_counters.clone();
         let addr = Arbiter::new(format!("test {}", t));
 
-        addr.do_send(actix::msgs::Execute::new(
+        addr.do_send(actix::msgs::Execute::new(move || -> Result<(), ()> {
-            move || -> Result<(), ()> {
             for _ in 0..concurrency {
                 let pl2 = pl.clone();
                 let perf2 = perf.clone();
@@ -99,8 +94,7 @@ fn main() {
                             ()
                         })
                         .map(move |(reader, writer)| {
-                                let addr: Addr<Syn, _> =
+                            let addr: Addr<Syn, _> = ChatClient::create(move |ctx| {
-                                    ChatClient::create(move |ctx| {
                                 ChatClient::add_stream(reader, ctx);
                                 ChatClient {
                                     url: ws2,
@@ -117,8 +111,7 @@ fn main() {
                 );
             }
             Ok(())
-            },
+        }));
-        ));
     }
 
     let res = sys.run();
@@ -126,10 +119,7 @@ fn main() {
 
 fn parse_u64_default(input: Option<&str>, default: u64) -> u64 {
     input
-        .map(|v| {
+        .map(|v| v.parse().expect(&format!("not a valid number: {}", v)))
-            v.parse()
-                .expect(&format!("not a valid number: {}", v))
-        })
         .unwrap_or(default)
 }
 
@@ -149,9 +139,7 @@ impl Actor for Perf {
 
 impl Perf {
     fn sample_rate(&self, ctx: &mut Context<Self>) {
-        ctx.run_later(
+        ctx.run_later(Duration::new(self.sample_rate_secs as u64, 0), |act, ctx| {
-            Duration::new(self.sample_rate_secs as u64, 0),
-            |act, ctx| {
             let req_count = act.counters.pull_request_count();
             if req_count != 0 {
                 let conns = act.counters.pull_connections_count();
@@ -169,8 +157,7 @@ impl Perf {
             }
 
             act.sample_rate(ctx);
-            },
+        });
-        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -314,8 +301,7 @@ impl PerfCounters {
         loop {
             let current = self.lat_max.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
             if current >= nanos
-                || self.lat_max
+                || self.lat_max.compare_and_swap(current, nanos, Ordering::SeqCst)
-                    .compare_and_swap(current, nanos, Ordering::SeqCst)
                     == current
             {
                 break;