diff --git a/src/application.rs b/src/application.rs
index ca5e8786c..3c64e9254 100644
--- a/src/application.rs
+++ b/src/application.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use handler::{AsyncResult, FromRequest, Handler, Responder, RouteHandler, WrapHandler};
 use header::ContentEncoding;
-use http::Method;
+use http::{Method, StatusCode};
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 use middleware::Middleware;
@@ -49,14 +49,21 @@ impl<S: 'static> PipelineHandler<S> for Inner<S> {
         &mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>, htype: HandlerType,
     ) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
         match htype {
-            HandlerType::Normal(idx) => {
-                self.resources[idx].handle(req, Some(&mut self.default))
-            }
+            HandlerType::Normal(idx) => match self.resources[idx].handle(req) {
+                Ok(result) => result,
+                Err(req) => match self.default.handle(req) {
+                    Ok(result) => result,
+                    Err(_) => AsyncResult::ok(HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND)),
+                },
+            },
             HandlerType::Handler(idx) => match self.handlers[idx] {
                 PrefixHandlerType::Handler(_, ref mut hnd) => hnd.handle(req),
                 PrefixHandlerType::Scope(_, ref mut hnd, _) => hnd.handle(req),
             },
-            HandlerType::Default => self.default.handle(req, None),
+            HandlerType::Default => match self.default.handle(req) {
+                Ok(result) => result,
+                Err(_) => AsyncResult::ok(HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND)),
+            },
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/resource.rs b/src/resource.rs
index 2b9c8538b..49e9ab0cc 100644
--- a/src/resource.rs
+++ b/src/resource.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
 
 use futures::Future;
-use http::{Method, StatusCode};
+use http::Method;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use error::Error;
@@ -282,21 +282,18 @@ impl<S: 'static> ResourceHandler<S> {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn handle(
-        &mut self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>, default: Option<&mut ResourceHandler<S>>,
-    ) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
+        &mut self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>,
+    ) -> Result<AsyncResult<HttpResponse>, HttpRequest<S>> {
         for route in &mut self.routes {
             if route.check(&mut req) {
                 return if self.middlewares.borrow().is_empty() {
-                    route.handle(req)
+                    Ok(route.handle(req))
                 } else {
-                    route.compose(req, Rc::clone(&self.middlewares))
+                    Ok(route.compose(req, Rc::clone(&self.middlewares)))
                 };
             }
         }
-        if let Some(resource) = default {
-            resource.handle(req, None)
-        } else {
-            AsyncResult::ok(HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND))
-        }
+
+        Err(req)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/scope.rs b/src/scope.rs
index 37fb78908..e57db7632 100644
--- a/src/scope.rs
+++ b/src/scope.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
 
 use error::Error;
 use handler::{AsyncResult, AsyncResultItem, FromRequest, Responder, RouteHandler};
-use http::Method;
+use http::{Method, StatusCode};
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 use middleware::{
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ use pred::Predicate;
 use resource::ResourceHandler;
 use router::Resource;
 
+type ScopeResource<S> = Rc<RefCell<ResourceHandler<S>>>;
 type Route<S> = UnsafeCell<Box<RouteHandler<S>>>;
-type ScopeResources<S> = Rc<Vec<(Resource, Rc<UnsafeCell<ResourceHandler<S>>>)>>;
+type ScopeResources<S> = Rc<Vec<(Resource, ScopeResource<S>)>>;
 type NestedInfo<S> = (Resource, Route<S>, Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>>);
 
 /// Resources scope
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ pub struct Scope<S: 'static> {
     filters: Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>>,
     nested: Vec<NestedInfo<S>>,
     middlewares: Rc<RefCell<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>>,
-    default: Rc<UnsafeCell<ResourceHandler<S>>>,
+    default: Option<ScopeResource<S>>,
     resources: ScopeResources<S>,
 }
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
             nested: Vec::new(),
             resources: Rc::new(Vec::new()),
             middlewares: Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::new())),
-            default: Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(ResourceHandler::default_not_found())),
+            default: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
             nested: Vec::new(),
             resources: Rc::new(Vec::new()),
             middlewares: Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::new())),
-            default: Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(ResourceHandler::default_not_found())),
+            default: None,
         };
         let mut scope = f(scope);
 
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
             nested: Vec::new(),
             resources: Rc::new(Vec::new()),
             middlewares: Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::new())),
-            default: Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(ResourceHandler::default_not_found())),
+            default: None,
         };
         let mut scope = f(scope);
 
@@ -229,8 +230,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
         let slf: &Scope<S> = unsafe { &*(&self as *const _) };
         for &(ref pattern, ref resource) in slf.resources.iter() {
             if pattern.pattern() == path {
-                let resource = unsafe { &mut *resource.get() };
-                resource.method(method).with(f);
+                resource.borrow_mut().method(method).with(f);
                 return self;
             }
         }
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
         );
         Rc::get_mut(&mut self.resources)
             .expect("Can not use after configuration")
-            .push((pattern, Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(handler))));
+            .push((pattern, Rc::new(RefCell::new(handler))));
 
         self
     }
@@ -289,18 +289,21 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
         );
         Rc::get_mut(&mut self.resources)
             .expect("Can not use after configuration")
-            .push((pattern, Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(handler))));
+            .push((pattern, Rc::new(RefCell::new(handler))));
 
         self
     }
 
     /// Default resource to be used if no matching route could be found.
-    pub fn default_resource<F, R>(self, f: F) -> Scope<S>
+    pub fn default_resource<F, R>(mut self, f: F) -> Scope<S>
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut ResourceHandler<S>) -> R + 'static,
     {
-        let default = unsafe { &mut *self.default.as_ref().get() };
-        f(default);
+        if self.default.is_none() {
+            self.default =
+                Some(Rc::new(RefCell::new(ResourceHandler::default_not_found())));
+        }
+        f(&mut *self.default.as_ref().unwrap().borrow_mut());
         self
     }
 
@@ -327,17 +330,27 @@ impl<S: 'static> RouteHandler<S> for Scope<S> {
         // recognize resources
         for &(ref pattern, ref resource) in self.resources.iter() {
             if pattern.match_with_params(&mut req, tail, false) {
-                let default = unsafe { &mut *self.default.as_ref().get() };
-
                 if self.middlewares.borrow().is_empty() {
-                    let resource = unsafe { &mut *resource.get() };
-                    return resource.handle(req, Some(default));
+                    return match resource.borrow_mut().handle(req) {
+                        Ok(result) => result,
+                        Err(req) => {
+                            if let Some(ref default) = self.default {
+                                match default.borrow_mut().handle(req) {
+                                    Ok(result) => result,
+                                    Err(_) => AsyncResult::ok(HttpResponse::new(
+                                        StatusCode::NOT_FOUND,
+                                    )),
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                AsyncResult::ok(HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND))
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
                 } else {
                     return AsyncResult::async(Box::new(Compose::new(
                         req,
                         Rc::clone(&self.middlewares),
                         Rc::clone(&resource),
-                        Some(Rc::clone(&self.default)),
                     )));
                 }
             }
@@ -365,16 +378,23 @@ impl<S: 'static> RouteHandler<S> for Scope<S> {
         }
 
         // default handler
-        let default = unsafe { &mut *self.default.as_ref().get() };
         if self.middlewares.borrow().is_empty() {
-            default.handle(req, None)
-        } else {
+            if let Some(ref default) = self.default {
+                match default.borrow_mut().handle(req) {
+                    Ok(result) => result,
+                    Err(_) => AsyncResult::ok(HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND)),
+                }
+            } else {
+                AsyncResult::ok(HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND))
+            }
+        } else if let Some(ref default) = self.default {
             AsyncResult::async(Box::new(Compose::new(
                 req,
                 Rc::clone(&self.middlewares),
-                Rc::clone(&self.default),
-                None,
+                Rc::clone(default),
             )))
+        } else {
+            unimplemented!()
         }
     }
 }
@@ -417,8 +437,7 @@ struct ComposeInfo<S: 'static> {
     count: usize,
     req: HttpRequest<S>,
     mws: Rc<RefCell<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>>,
-    default: Option<Rc<UnsafeCell<ResourceHandler<S>>>>,
-    resource: Rc<UnsafeCell<ResourceHandler<S>>>,
+    resource: Rc<RefCell<ResourceHandler<S>>>,
 }
 
 enum ComposeState<S: 'static> {
@@ -444,15 +463,13 @@ impl<S: 'static> ComposeState<S> {
 impl<S: 'static> Compose<S> {
     fn new(
         req: HttpRequest<S>, mws: Rc<RefCell<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>>,
-        resource: Rc<UnsafeCell<ResourceHandler<S>>>,
-        default: Option<Rc<UnsafeCell<ResourceHandler<S>>>>,
+        resource: Rc<RefCell<ResourceHandler<S>>>,
     ) -> Self {
         let mut info = ComposeInfo {
             count: 0,
             req,
             mws,
             resource,
-            default,
         };
         let state = StartMiddlewares::init(&mut info);
 
@@ -492,12 +509,10 @@ impl<S: 'static> StartMiddlewares<S> {
         let len = info.mws.borrow().len();
         loop {
             if info.count == len {
-                let resource = unsafe { &mut *info.resource.get() };
-                let reply = if let Some(ref default) = info.default {
-                    let d = unsafe { &mut *default.as_ref().get() };
-                    resource.handle(info.req.clone(), Some(d))
-                } else {
-                    resource.handle(info.req.clone(), None)
+                let reply = {
+                    let req = info.req.clone();
+                    let mut resource = info.resource.borrow_mut();
+                    resource.handle(req).unwrap()
                 };
                 return WaitingResponse::init(info, reply);
             } else {
@@ -531,12 +546,10 @@ impl<S: 'static> StartMiddlewares<S> {
                     }
                     loop {
                         if info.count == len {
-                            let resource = unsafe { &mut *info.resource.get() };
-                            let reply = if let Some(ref default) = info.default {
-                                let d = unsafe { &mut *default.as_ref().get() };
-                                resource.handle(info.req.clone(), Some(d))
-                            } else {
-                                resource.handle(info.req.clone(), None)
+                            let reply = {
+                                let req = info.req.clone();
+                                let mut resource = info.resource.borrow_mut();
+                                resource.handle(req).unwrap()
                             };
                             return Some(WaitingResponse::init(info, reply));
                         } else {
diff --git a/src/server/h1writer.rs b/src/server/h1writer.rs
index 01477464b..d174964b9 100644
--- a/src/server/h1writer.rs
+++ b/src/server/h1writer.rs
@@ -163,18 +163,18 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
 
             // status line
             helpers::write_status_line(version, msg.status().as_u16(), &mut buffer);
-            SharedBytes::extend_from_slice_(buffer, reason);
+            buffer.extend_from_slice(reason);
 
             match body {
                 Body::Empty => if req.method != Method::HEAD {
-                    SharedBytes::put_slice(buffer, b"\r\ncontent-length: 0\r\n");
+                    buffer.extend_from_slice(b"\r\ncontent-length: 0\r\n");
                 } else {
-                    SharedBytes::put_slice(buffer, b"\r\n");
+                    buffer.extend_from_slice(b"\r\n");
                 },
                 Body::Binary(ref bytes) => {
                     helpers::write_content_length(bytes.len(), &mut buffer)
                 }
-                _ => SharedBytes::put_slice(buffer, b"\r\n"),
+                _ => buffer.extend_from_slice(b"\r\n"),
             }
 
             // write headers
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
                 self.settings.set_date(&mut buffer);
             } else {
                 // msg eof
-                SharedBytes::extend_from_slice_(buffer, b"\r\n");
+                buffer.extend_from_slice(b"\r\n");
             }
             self.headers_size = buffer.len() as u32;
         }
diff --git a/src/server/shared.rs b/src/server/shared.rs
index a36c46176..064130fb7 100644
--- a/src/server/shared.rs
+++ b/src/server/shared.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-use bytes::{BufMut, BytesMut};
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::io;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use bytes::BytesMut;
+
 use body::Binary;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -80,31 +81,13 @@ impl SharedBytes {
     #[inline]
     pub fn extend(&mut self, data: &Binary) {
         let buf = self.get_mut();
-        let data = data.as_ref();
-        buf.reserve(data.len());
-        SharedBytes::put_slice(buf, data);
+        buf.extend_from_slice(data.as_ref());
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn extend_from_slice(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
         let buf = self.get_mut();
-        buf.reserve(data.len());
-        SharedBytes::put_slice(buf, data);
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn put_slice(buf: &mut BytesMut, src: &[u8]) {
-        let len = src.len();
-        unsafe {
-            buf.bytes_mut()[..len].copy_from_slice(src);
-            buf.advance_mut(len);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn extend_from_slice_(buf: &mut BytesMut, data: &[u8]) {
-        buf.reserve(data.len());
-        SharedBytes::put_slice(buf, data);
+        buf.extend_from_slice(data);
     }
 }