diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fdc13266a..b24a310a6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -80,35 +80,10 @@ impl Actor for MyWebSocket {
     type Context = HttpContext<Self>;
 }
 
-/// Http route handler
-impl Route for MyWebSocket {
-    type State = ();
-
-    fn request(mut req: HttpRequest, mut ctx: HttpContext<Self>) -> Result<Reply>
-    {
-        // websocket handshake
-        let resp = ws::handshake(&req)?;
-        // send HttpResponse back to peer
-        ctx.start(resp);
-        // convert bytes stream to a stream of `ws::Message` and handle stream
-        ctx.add_stream(ws::WsStream::new(&mut req));
-        ctx.reply(MyWebSocket)
-    }
-}
-
 /// Standard actix's stream handler for a stream of `ws::Message`
-impl StreamHandler<ws::Message> for MyWebSocket {
-    fn started(&mut self, ctx: &mut Self::Context) {
-        println!("WebSocket session openned");
-    }
-
-    fn finished(&mut self, ctx: &mut Self::Context) {
-        println!("WebSocket session closed");
-    }
-}
-
+impl StreamHandler<ws::Message> for MyWebSocket {}
 impl Handler<ws::Message> for MyWebSocket {
-    fn handle(&mut self, msg: ws::Message, ctx: &mut HttpContext<Self>)
+    fn handle(&mut self, msg: ws::Message, ctx: &mut Self::Context)
               -> Response<Self, ws::Message>
     {
         // process websocket messages
@@ -136,7 +111,7 @@ fn main() {
             // enable logger
             .middleware(middlewares::Logger::default())
             // websocket route
-            .resource("/ws/", |r| r.get::<MyWebSocket>())
+            .resource("/ws/", |r| r.get(|req| ws::start(req, MyWebSocket)))
             .route_handler("/", StaticFiles::new("examples/static/", true)))
         .serve::<_, ()>("127.0.0.1:8080").unwrap();
 
diff --git a/examples/state.rs b/examples/state.rs
index 2b7f8a2e5..52a2da799 100644
--- a/examples/state.rs
+++ b/examples/state.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ struct AppState {
 fn index(req: HttpRequest<AppState>) -> HttpResponse {
     println!("{:?}", req);
     req.state().counter.set(req.state().counter.get() + 1);
+
     httpcodes::HTTPOk.with_body(
         format!("Num of requests: {}", req.state().counter.get()))
 }
@@ -30,25 +31,12 @@ struct MyWebSocket {
 }
 
 impl Actor for MyWebSocket {
-    type Context = HttpContext<Self>;
-}
-
-impl Route for MyWebSocket {
-    /// Shared application state
-    type State = AppState;
-
-    fn request(mut req: HttpRequest<AppState>, mut ctx: HttpContext<Self>) -> Result<Reply>
-    {
-        let resp = ws::handshake(&req)?;
-        ctx.start(resp);
-        ctx.add_stream(ws::WsStream::new(&mut req));
-        ctx.reply(MyWebSocket{counter: 0})
-    }
+    type Context = HttpContext<Self, AppState>;
 }
 
 impl StreamHandler<ws::Message> for MyWebSocket {}
 impl Handler<ws::Message> for MyWebSocket {
-    fn handle(&mut self, msg: ws::Message, ctx: &mut HttpContext<Self>)
+    fn handle(&mut self, msg: ws::Message, ctx: &mut Self::Context)
               -> Response<Self, ws::Message>
     {
         self.counter += 1;
@@ -76,7 +64,7 @@ fn main() {
             // enable logger
             .middleware(middlewares::Logger::default())
             // websocket route
-            .resource("/ws/", |r| r.get::<MyWebSocket>())
+            .resource("/ws/", |r| r.get(|r| ws::start(r, MyWebSocket{counter: 0})))
             // register simple handler, handle all methods
             .handler("/", index))
         .serve::<_, ()>("127.0.0.1:8080").unwrap();
diff --git a/examples/websocket.rs b/examples/websocket.rs
index 150166015..f8f4e5672 100644
--- a/examples/websocket.rs
+++ b/examples/websocket.rs
@@ -12,28 +12,19 @@ use actix::*;
 use actix_web::*;
 
 
+/// do websocket handshake and start `MyWebSocket` actor
+fn ws_index(r: HttpRequest) -> Reply {
+    ws::start(r, MyWebSocket).into()
+}
+
+/// websocket connection is long running connection, it easier
+/// to handle with an actor
 struct MyWebSocket;
 
 impl Actor for MyWebSocket {
     type Context = HttpContext<Self>;
 }
 
-/// Http route handler
-impl Route for MyWebSocket {
-    type State = ();
-
-    fn request(mut req: HttpRequest, mut ctx: HttpContext<Self>) -> Result<Reply>
-    {
-        // websocket handshake
-        let resp = ws::handshake(&req)?;
-        // send HttpResponse back to peer
-        ctx.start(resp);
-        // convert bytes stream to a stream of `ws::Message` and register it
-        ctx.add_stream(ws::WsStream::new(&mut req));
-        ctx.reply(MyWebSocket)
-    }
-}
-
 /// Standard actix's stream handler for a stream of `ws::Message`
 impl StreamHandler<ws::Message> for MyWebSocket {
     fn started(&mut self, ctx: &mut Self::Context) {
@@ -74,7 +65,7 @@ fn main() {
             // enable logger
             .middleware(middlewares::Logger::default())
             // websocket route
-            .resource("/ws/", |r| r.get::<MyWebSocket>())
+            .resource("/ws/", |r| r.get(ws_index))
             .route_handler("/", StaticFiles::new("examples/static/", true)))
         // start http server on 127.0.0.1:8080
         .serve::<_, ()>("127.0.0.1:8080").unwrap();
diff --git a/src/application.rs b/src/application.rs
index cbe92525a..08160edb9 100644
--- a/src/application.rs
+++ b/src/application.rs
@@ -132,23 +132,10 @@ impl<S> ApplicationBuilder<S> where S: 'static {
     /// use actix::*;
     /// use actix_web::*;
     ///
-    /// struct MyRoute;
-    ///
-    /// impl Actor for MyRoute {
-    ///     type Context = HttpContext<Self>;
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// impl Route for MyRoute {
-    ///     type State = ();
-    ///
-    ///     fn request(req: HttpRequest, ctx: HttpContext<Self>) -> Result<Reply> {
-    ///         Reply::reply(httpcodes::HTTPOk)
-    ///     }
-    /// }
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let app = Application::default("/")
     ///         .resource("/test", |r| {
-    ///              r.get::<MyRoute>();
+    ///              r.get(|req| httpcodes::HTTPOk);
     ///              r.handler(Method::HEAD, |req| httpcodes::HTTPMethodNotAllowed);
     ///         })
     ///         .finish();
diff --git a/src/context.rs b/src/context.rs
index a0bf97fb0..8623c7137 100644
--- a/src/context.rs
+++ b/src/context.rs
@@ -14,26 +14,27 @@ use actix::dev::{AsyncContextApi, ActorAddressCell, ActorItemsCell, ActorWaitCel
 
 use task::{IoContext, DrainFut};
 use body::Binary;
-use error::{Error, Result as ActixResult};
-use route::{Route, Frame, Reply};
+use error::Error;
+use route::Frame;
+use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 
 
 /// Http actor execution context
-pub struct HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route,
+pub struct HttpContext<A, S=()> where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>>,
 {
-    act: Option<A>,
+    act: A,
     state: ActorState,
     modified: bool,
     items: ActorItemsCell<A>,
     address: ActorAddressCell<A>,
     stream: VecDeque<Frame>,
     wait: ActorWaitCell<A>,
-    app_state: Rc<<A as Route>::State>,
+    request: HttpRequest<S>,
     disconnected: bool,
 }
 
-impl<A> IoContext for HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route {
+impl<A, S> IoContext for HttpContext<A, S> where A: Actor<Context=Self>, S: 'static {
 
     fn disconnected(&mut self) {
         self.items.stop();
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ impl<A> IoContext for HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route {
     }
 }
 
-impl<A> ActorContext for HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route
+impl<A, S> ActorContext for HttpContext<A, S> where A: Actor<Context=Self>
 {
     /// Stop actor execution
     fn stop(&mut self) {
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ impl<A> ActorContext for HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route
     }
 }
 
-impl<A> AsyncContext<A> for HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route
+impl<A, S> AsyncContext<A> for HttpContext<A, S> where A: Actor<Context=Self>
 {
     fn spawn<F>(&mut self, fut: F) -> SpawnHandle
         where F: ActorFuture<Item=(), Error=(), Actor=A> + 'static
@@ -96,41 +97,43 @@ impl<A> AsyncContext<A> for HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route
 }
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-impl<A> AsyncContextApi<A> for HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route {
+impl<A, S> AsyncContextApi<A> for HttpContext<A, S> where A: Actor<Context=Self> {
     fn address_cell(&mut self) -> &mut ActorAddressCell<A> {
         &mut self.address
     }
 }
 
-impl<A> HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route {
+impl<A, S> HttpContext<A, S> where A: Actor<Context=Self> {
 
-    pub fn new(state: Rc<<A as Route>::State>) -> HttpContext<A>
+    pub fn new(req: HttpRequest<S>, actor: A) -> HttpContext<A, S>
     {
         HttpContext {
-            act: None,
+            act: actor,
             state: ActorState::Started,
             modified: false,
             items: ActorItemsCell::default(),
             address: ActorAddressCell::default(),
             wait: ActorWaitCell::default(),
             stream: VecDeque::new(),
-            app_state: state,
+            request: req,
             disconnected: false,
         }
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn set_actor(&mut self, act: A) {
-        self.act = Some(act)
-    }
 }
 
-impl<A> HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route {
+impl<A, S> HttpContext<A, S> where A: Actor<Context=Self> {
 
     /// Shared application state
-    pub fn state(&self) -> &<A as Route>::State {
-        &self.app_state
+    pub fn state(&self) -> &S {
+        self.request.state()
     }
 
+    /// Incoming request
+    pub fn request(&mut self) -> &mut HttpRequest<S> {
+        &mut self.request
+    }
+
+
     /// Start response processing
     pub fn start<R: Into<HttpResponse>>(&mut self, response: R) {
         self.stream.push_back(Frame::Message(response.into()))
@@ -158,14 +161,9 @@ impl<A> HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route {
     pub fn connected(&self) -> bool {
         !self.disconnected
     }
-
-    pub fn reply(mut self, actor: A) -> ActixResult<Reply> {
-        self.set_actor(actor);
-        Reply::async(self)
-    }
 }
 
-impl<A> HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route {
+impl<A, S> HttpContext<A, S> where A: Actor<Context=Self> {
 
     #[doc(hidden)]
     pub fn subscriber<M>(&mut self) -> Box<Subscriber<M>>
@@ -187,20 +185,17 @@ impl<A> HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route {
 }
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-impl<A> Stream for HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route
+impl<A, S> Stream for HttpContext<A, S> where A: Actor<Context=Self>
 {
     type Item = Frame;
     type Error = Error;
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Option<Frame>, Error> {
-        if self.act.is_none() {
-            return Ok(Async::NotReady)
-        }
         let act: &mut A = unsafe {
-            std::mem::transmute(self.act.as_mut().unwrap() as &mut A)
+            std::mem::transmute(&mut self.act as &mut A)
         };
-        let ctx: &mut HttpContext<A> = unsafe {
-            std::mem::transmute(self as &mut HttpContext<A>)
+        let ctx: &mut HttpContext<A, S> = unsafe {
+            std::mem::transmute(self as &mut HttpContext<A, S>)
         };
 
         // update state
@@ -283,8 +278,8 @@ impl<A> Stream for HttpContext<A> where A: Actor<Context=Self> + Route
     }
 }
 
-impl<A> ToEnvelope<A> for HttpContext<A>
-    where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route,
+impl<A, S> ToEnvelope<A> for HttpContext<A, S>
+    where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>>,
 {
     fn pack<M>(msg: M, tx: Option<Sender<Result<M::Item, M::Error>>>) -> Envelope<A>
         where A: Handler<M>,
diff --git a/src/dev.rs b/src/dev.rs
index 53cb546e3..8ec4a50d1 100644
--- a/src/dev.rs
+++ b/src/dev.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 // dev specific
 pub use task::Task;
 pub use pipeline::Pipeline;
-pub use route::RouteFactory;
 pub use recognizer::RouteRecognizer;
 pub use channel::HttpChannel;
 
diff --git a/src/httprequest.rs b/src/httprequest.rs
index 3c0f6edcb..f2d9904ce 100644
--- a/src/httprequest.rs
+++ b/src/httprequest.rs
@@ -95,11 +95,6 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
         &self.1
     }
 
-    /// Clone application state
-    pub(crate) fn clone_state(&self) -> Rc<S> {
-        Rc::clone(&self.1)
-    }
-
     /// Protocol extensions.
     #[inline]
     pub fn extensions(&mut self) -> &mut Extensions {
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 84fe563a7..7efa9aa86 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub use application::Application;
 pub use httprequest::{HttpRequest, UrlEncoded};
 pub use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 pub use payload::{Payload, PayloadItem};
-pub use route::{Frame, Route, RouteFactory, RouteHandler, Reply};
+pub use route::{Frame, RouteHandler, Reply};
 pub use resource::Resource;
 pub use recognizer::Params;
 pub use server::HttpServer;
diff --git a/src/resource.rs b/src/resource.rs
index a7cdece1e..93d31cb33 100644
--- a/src/resource.rs
+++ b/src/resource.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use actix::Actor;
 use http::Method;
 use futures::Stream;
 
 use task::Task;
 use error::Error;
-use route::{Reply, Route, RouteHandler, Frame, FnHandler, StreamHandler};
-use context::HttpContext;
+use route::{Reply, RouteHandler, Frame, FnHandler, StreamHandler};
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpcodes::{HTTPNotFound, HTTPMethodNotAllowed};
 
@@ -92,31 +90,31 @@ impl<S> Resource<S> where S: 'static {
     }
 
     /// Handler for `GET` method.
-    pub fn get<A>(&mut self)
-        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route<State=S>
-    {
-        self.route_handler(Method::GET, A::factory());
+    pub fn get<F, R>(&mut self, handler: F)
+        where F: Fn(HttpRequest<S>) -> R + 'static,
+              R: Into<Reply> + 'static, {
+        self.routes.insert(Method::GET, Box::new(FnHandler::new(handler)));
     }
 
     /// Handler for `POST` method.
-    pub fn post<A>(&mut self)
-        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route<State=S>
-    {
-        self.route_handler(Method::POST, A::factory());
+    pub fn post<F, R>(&mut self, handler: F)
+        where F: Fn(HttpRequest<S>) -> R + 'static,
+              R: Into<Reply> + 'static, {
+        self.routes.insert(Method::POST, Box::new(FnHandler::new(handler)));
     }
 
-    /// Handler for `PUR` method.
-    pub fn put<A>(&mut self)
-        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route<State=S>
-    {
-        self.route_handler(Method::PUT, A::factory());
+    /// Handler for `PUT` method.
+    pub fn put<F, R>(&mut self, handler: F)
+        where F: Fn(HttpRequest<S>) -> R + 'static,
+              R: Into<Reply> + 'static, {
+        self.routes.insert(Method::PUT, Box::new(FnHandler::new(handler)));
     }
 
-    /// Handler for `METHOD` method.
-    pub fn delete<A>(&mut self)
-        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route<State=S>
-    {
-        self.route_handler(Method::DELETE, A::factory());
+    /// Handler for `DELETE` method.
+    pub fn delete<F, R>(&mut self, handler: F)
+        where F: Fn(HttpRequest<S>) -> R + 'static,
+              R: Into<Reply> + 'static, {
+        self.routes.insert(Method::DELETE, Box::new(FnHandler::new(handler)));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/route.rs b/src/route.rs
index 98701375a..3842c769c 100644
--- a/src/route.rs
+++ b/src/route.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::result::Result as StdResult;
 
 use actix::Actor;
-use http::{header, Version};
+// use http::{header, Version};
 use futures::Stream;
 
 use task::{Task, DrainFut, IoContext};
 use body::Binary;
-use error::{Error, ExpectError, Result};
+use error::{Error}; //, ExpectError, Result};
 use context::HttpContext;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
@@ -37,9 +38,10 @@ pub trait RouteHandler<S>: 'static {
     fn set_prefix(&mut self, prefix: String) {}
 }
 
+/*
 /// Actors with ability to handle http requests.
 #[allow(unused_variables)]
-pub trait Route: Actor {
+pub trait RouteState {
     /// Shared state. State is shared with all routes within same application
     /// and could be accessed with `HttpRequest::state()` method.
     type State;
@@ -69,42 +71,13 @@ pub trait Route: Actor {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Handle incoming request. Route actor can return
-    /// result immediately with `Reply::reply`.
-    /// Actor itself can be returned with `Reply::stream` for handling streaming
-    /// request/response or websocket connection.
-    /// In that case `HttpContext::start` and `HttpContext::write` has to be used
-    /// for writing response.
-    fn request(req: HttpRequest<Self::State>, ctx: Self::Context) -> Result<Reply>;
-
-    /// This method creates `RouteFactory` for this actor.
-    fn factory() -> RouteFactory<Self, Self::State> {
-        RouteFactory(PhantomData)
+    /// Handle incoming request with http actor.
+    fn handle(req: HttpRequest<Self::State>) -> Result<Reply>
+        where Self: Default, Self: Actor<Context=HttpContext<Self>>
+    {
+        Ok(HttpContext::new(req, Self::default()).into())
     }
-}
-
-/// This is used for routes registration within `Resource`
-pub struct RouteFactory<A: Route<State=S>, S>(PhantomData<A>);
-
-impl<A, S> RouteHandler<S> for RouteFactory<A, S>
-    where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route<State=S>,
-          S: 'static
-{
-    fn handle(&self, mut req: HttpRequest<A::State>, task: &mut Task) {
-        let mut ctx = HttpContext::new(req.clone_state());
-
-        // handle EXPECT header
-        if req.headers().contains_key(header::EXPECT) {
-            if let Err(resp) = A::expect(&mut req, &mut ctx) {
-                task.reply(resp)
-            }
-        }
-        match A::request(req, ctx) {
-            Ok(reply) => reply.into(task),
-            Err(err) => task.reply(err),
-        }
-    }
-}
+}*/
 
 /// Fn() route handler
 pub(crate)
@@ -180,20 +153,22 @@ pub struct Reply(ReplyItem);
 impl Reply
 {
     /// Create actor response
-    pub(crate) fn async<C: IoContext>(ctx: C) -> Result<Reply> {
-        Ok(Reply(ReplyItem::Actor(Box::new(ctx))))
+    pub fn actor<A, S>(ctx: HttpContext<A, S>) -> Reply
+        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>>, S: 'static
+    {
+        Reply(ReplyItem::Actor(Box::new(ctx)))
     }
 
     /// Create async response
-    pub fn stream<S>(stream: S) -> Result<Reply>
+    pub fn stream<S>(stream: S) -> Reply
         where S: Stream<Item=Frame, Error=Error> + 'static
     {
-        Ok(Reply(ReplyItem::Stream(Box::new(stream))))
+        Reply(ReplyItem::Stream(Box::new(stream)))
     }
 
     /// Send response
-    pub fn reply<R: Into<HttpResponse>>(response: R) -> Result<Reply> {
-        Ok(Reply(ReplyItem::Message(response.into())))
+    pub fn reply<R: Into<HttpResponse>>(response: R) -> Reply {
+        Reply(ReplyItem::Message(response.into()))
     }
 
     pub fn into(self, task: &mut Task)
@@ -218,3 +193,19 @@ impl<T: Into<HttpResponse>> From<T> for Reply
         Reply(ReplyItem::Message(item.into()))
     }
 }
+
+impl<E: Into<Error>> From<StdResult<Reply, E>> for Reply {
+    fn from(res: StdResult<Reply, E>) -> Self {
+        match res {
+            Ok(val) => val,
+            Err(err) => err.into().into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>>, S: 'static> From<HttpContext<A, S>> for Reply
+{
+    fn from(item: HttpContext<A, S>) -> Self {
+        Reply(ReplyItem::Actor(Box::new(item)))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ws.rs b/src/ws.rs
index 201197e47..faea7d08b 100644
--- a/src/ws.rs
+++ b/src/ws.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 //! use actix::*;
 //! use actix_web::*;
 //!
+//! fn ws_index(req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Reply> {
+//!     ws::start(req, WsRoute)
+//! }
+//!
 //! // WebSocket Route
 //! struct WsRoute;
 //!
@@ -19,22 +23,6 @@
 //!     type Context = HttpContext<Self>;
 //! }
 //!
-//! impl Route for WsRoute {
-//!     type State = ();
-//!
-//!     fn request(mut req: HttpRequest, mut ctx: HttpContext<Self>) -> Result<Reply>
-//!     {
-//!         // WebSocket handshake
-//!         let resp = ws::handshake(&req)?;
-//!         // Send handshake response to peer
-//!         ctx.start(resp);
-//!         // Map Payload into WsStream
-//!         ctx.add_stream(ws::WsStream::new(&mut req));
-//!         // Start ws messages processing
-//!         ctx.reply(WsRoute)
-//!     }
-//! }
-//!
 //! // Define Handler for ws::Message message
 //! impl StreamHandler<ws::Message> for WsRoute {}
 //!
@@ -59,13 +47,13 @@ use http::{Method, StatusCode, header};
 use bytes::BytesMut;
 use futures::{Async, Poll, Stream};
 
-use actix::{Actor, ResponseType};
+use actix::{Actor, AsyncContext, ResponseType, StreamHandler};
 
 use body::Body;
 use context::HttpContext;
-use route::Route;
+use route::Reply;
 use payload::Payload;
-use error::WsHandshakeError;
+use error::{Error, WsHandshakeError};
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::{ConnectionType, HttpResponse};
 
@@ -100,6 +88,19 @@ impl ResponseType for Message {
     type Error = ();
 }
 
+pub fn start<A, S>(mut req: HttpRequest<S>, actor: A) -> Result<Reply, Error>
+    where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>> + StreamHandler<Message>,
+          S: 'static
+{
+    let resp = handshake(&req)?;
+
+    let stream = WsStream::new(&mut req);
+    let mut ctx = HttpContext::new(req, actor);
+    ctx.start(resp);
+    ctx.add_stream(stream);
+    Ok(ctx.into())
+}
+
 /// Prepare `WebSocket` handshake response.
 ///
 /// This function returns handshake `HttpResponse`, ready to send to peer.
@@ -271,8 +272,8 @@ pub struct WsWriter;
 impl WsWriter {
 
     /// Send text frame
-    pub fn text<A>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A>, text: &str)
-        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route
+    pub fn text<A, S>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A, S>, text: &str)
+        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>>
     {
         let mut frame = wsframe::Frame::message(Vec::from(text), OpCode::Text, true);
         let mut buf = Vec::new();
@@ -282,8 +283,8 @@ impl WsWriter {
     }
 
     /// Send binary frame
-    pub fn binary<A>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A>, data: Vec<u8>)
-        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route
+    pub fn binary<A, S>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A, S>, data: Vec<u8>)
+        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>>
     {
         let mut frame = wsframe::Frame::message(data, OpCode::Binary, true);
         let mut buf = Vec::new();
@@ -293,8 +294,8 @@ impl WsWriter {
     }
 
     /// Send ping frame
-    pub fn ping<A>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A>, message: &str)
-        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route
+    pub fn ping<A, S>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A, S>, message: &str)
+        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>>
     {
         let mut frame = wsframe::Frame::message(Vec::from(message), OpCode::Ping, true);
         let mut buf = Vec::new();
@@ -304,8 +305,8 @@ impl WsWriter {
     }
 
     /// Send pong frame
-    pub fn pong<A>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A>, message: &str)
-        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route
+    pub fn pong<A, S>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A, S>, message: &str)
+        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>>
     {
         let mut frame = wsframe::Frame::message(Vec::from(message), OpCode::Pong, true);
         let mut buf = Vec::new();
@@ -315,8 +316,8 @@ impl WsWriter {
     }
 
     /// Send close frame
-    pub fn close<A>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A>, code: CloseCode, reason: &str)
-        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A>> + Route
+    pub fn close<A, S>(ctx: &mut HttpContext<A, S>, code: CloseCode, reason: &str)
+        where A: Actor<Context=HttpContext<A, S>>
     {
         let mut frame = wsframe::Frame::close(code, reason);
         let mut buf = Vec::new();