diff --git a/examples/federation/activities/follow.rs b/examples/federation/activities/follow.rs
index 270dff3..da9f04c 100644
--- a/examples/federation/activities/follow.rs
+++ b/examples/federation/activities/follow.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ use crate::{
     instance::InstanceHandle,
     objects::person::MyUser,
 };
-use activitypub_federation::{core::object_id::ObjectId, data::Data, traits::ActivityHandler};
+use activitypub_federation::{
+    core::object_id::ObjectId,
+    data::Data,
+    traits::{ActivityHandler, Actor},
+};
 use activitystreams_kinds::activity::FollowType;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use url::Url;
@@ -73,7 +77,11 @@ impl ActivityHandler for Follow {
         let id = generate_object_id(data.local_instance().hostname())?;
         let accept = Accept::new(local_user.ap_id.clone(), self, id.clone());
         local_user
-            .send(accept, &[follower], data.local_instance())
+            .send(
+                accept,
+                vec![follower.shared_inbox_or_inbox()],
+                data.local_instance(),
+            )
             .await?;
         Ok(())
     }
diff --git a/examples/federation/objects/person.rs b/examples/federation/objects/person.rs
index 55d1316..bca0b4b 100644
--- a/examples/federation/objects/person.rs
+++ b/examples/federation/objects/person.rs
@@ -84,35 +84,38 @@ impl MyUser {
     pub async fn follow(&self, other: &MyUser, instance: &InstanceHandle) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let id = generate_object_id(instance.local_instance().hostname())?;
         let follow = Follow::new(self.ap_id.clone(), other.ap_id.clone(), id.clone());
-        self.send(follow, &[other.clone()], instance.local_instance())
-            .await?;
+        self.send(
+            follow,
+            vec![other.shared_inbox_or_inbox()],
+            instance.local_instance(),
+        )
+        .await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
     pub async fn post(&self, post: MyPost, instance: &InstanceHandle) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let id = generate_object_id(instance.local_instance().hostname())?;
         let create = CreateNote::new(post.into_apub(instance).await?, id.clone());
-        let mut recipients = vec![];
+        let mut inboxes = vec![];
         for f in self.followers.clone() {
             let user: MyUser = ObjectId::new(f)
                 .dereference(instance, instance.local_instance(), &mut 0)
                 .await?;
-            recipients.push(user);
+            inboxes.push(user.shared_inbox_or_inbox());
         }
-        self.send(create, &recipients, instance.local_instance())
+        self.send(create, inboxes, instance.local_instance())
             .await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn send<Activity, ActorT>(
+    pub(crate) async fn send<Activity>(
         &self,
         activity: Activity,
-        recipients: &[ActorT],
+        recipients: Vec<Url>,
         local_instance: &LocalInstance,
     ) -> Result<(), <Activity as ActivityHandler>::Error>
     where
         Activity: ActivityHandler + Serialize,
-        ActorT: Actor,
         <Activity as ActivityHandler>::Error: From<anyhow::Error> + From<serde_json::Error>,
     {
         let activity = WithContext::new_default(activity);
diff --git a/src/core/activity_queue.rs b/src/core/activity_queue.rs
index 3964158..565b705 100644
--- a/src/core/activity_queue.rs
+++ b/src/core/activity_queue.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
     core::signatures::{sign_request, PublicKey},
-    traits::{ActivityHandler, Actor},
+    traits::ActivityHandler,
     utils::verify_url_valid,
     Error,
     InstanceSettings,
@@ -33,23 +33,21 @@ use url::Url;
 /// - `private_key`: The sending actor's private key for signing HTTP signature
 /// - `recipients`: List of actors who should receive the activity. This gets deduplicated, and
 ///                 local/invalid inbox urls removed
-pub async fn send_activity<Activity, ActorT: Actor>(
+pub async fn send_activity<Activity>(
     activity: Activity,
     public_key: PublicKey,
     private_key: String,
-    recipients: &[ActorT],
+    recipients: Vec<Url>,
     instance: &LocalInstance,
 ) -> Result<(), <Activity as ActivityHandler>::Error>
 where
     Activity: ActivityHandler + Serialize,
-    ActorT: Actor,
     <Activity as ActivityHandler>::Error: From<anyhow::Error> + From<serde_json::Error>,
 {
     let activity_id = activity.id();
     let activity_serialized = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&activity)?;
     let inboxes: Vec<Url> = recipients
-        .iter()
-        .map(|r| r.inbox())
+        .into_iter()
         .unique()
         .filter(|i| !instance.is_local_url(i))
         .filter(|i| verify_url_valid(i, &instance.settings).is_ok())
diff --git a/src/traits.rs b/src/traits.rs
index 3b579bc..42cc00c 100644
--- a/src/traits.rs
+++ b/src/traits.rs
@@ -94,6 +94,15 @@ pub trait Actor: ApubObject {
     /// Returns the actor's public key for verification of HTTP signatures
     fn public_key(&self) -> &str;
 
-    /// The inbox or shared inbox where activities for this user should be sent to
+    /// The inbox where activities for this user should be sent to
     fn inbox(&self) -> Url;
+
+    /// The actor's shared inbox, if any
+    fn shared_inbox(&self) -> Option<Url> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn shared_inbox_or_inbox(&self) -> Url {
+        self.shared_inbox().unwrap_or_else(|| self.inbox())
+    }
 }